As the problems and limitations of research methodologies utilized in educational administration research are constantly being raised, this study explored in-depth how researchers form and adjust their research methodological identities through their ...
As the problems and limitations of research methodologies utilized in educational administration research are constantly being raised, this study explored in-depth how researchers form and adjust their research methodological identities through their experiences in two different contexts, Korea and the United States, and how they respond to the process by focusing on a group of researchers who have earned doctoral degrees in educational administration.
To examine how research methodological identities of educational administration researchers are formed and adjusted, the study applied grounded theory, one of the pragmatic qualitative research methods. By categorizing researchers' career development stages into graduate school, employment and adjustment, and stabilization, and comparing two different groups of educational administration scholars in Korea and the United States, we aimed to reveal more clearly and distinctly the process of research methodological identity formation and adjustment over time and context. The findings of this study are summarized as follows.
Educational administration researchers were 'forming their initial research methodological identity' through their academic experiences in graduate school during their second semester of graduate school. The research methodology education systems, perceptions of academic community members, and interaction culture in Korean and U.S. graduate schools resulted in distinct differences in the development of research methodological identities among the two groups of researchers. The research methodology education in Korean graduate schools did not provide enough opportunities for graduate students to systematically learn various research methodologies. The “curriculum focused on a specific research methodology” and the “rigid exchange culture with supervisors and peers” made it difficult for students to experience a constructive learning environment where they could gain a deeper understanding of the appropriate application of research methodologies and specific practices. In contrast, U.S. graduate schools utilized rich learning resources and infrastructure to help students experience “intense research methodology education and training.” Relationships between professors and students were “egalitarian and horizontal,” and students respected each other as fellow researchers. An “open and collaborative exchange culture” allowed for productive interactions with members of the academic community, which helped students develop attitudes that enabled them to critically evaluate and improve their methodological approaches.
The main factors influencing the formation of methodological identities in the early years of graduate school were “research methodology education and training” and “interaction with role models” such as supervisors and peers, while personal characteristics such as “research topic and research interests” and “compatibility with personal dispositions and values” were factors that determined students' preference and orientation towards a particular research methodology at the beginning of learning the methodology. We also found that graduate students' methodological identities, once formed, were not easily changed, but did change if they were not “recognized by their supervisors or peers” or if they were “negatively evaluated during the dissertation/dissertation review process. Given that methodological identities change as they are influenced by experiences in previous stages of career development and current personal and social demands, the methodological identity formed during graduate school had a lasting impact on later career employment and transition and stability.
Educational administration researchers begin to “adjust their research methodological identity” during graduate school in order to adapt to new environments and organizations. In order to survive in the performance-oriented Korean society, where it is advantageous to accumulate a large number of research publications in a short period of time, researchers in the transition period tend to focus on quantitative research outputs, while in the U.S. academic community, where the research process is based on rigorous standards and procedures, there is a “thorough system of verification of researchers and research outputs. As a result, researchers “develop perspectives and attitudes that value the quality of research” and practice the careful and systematic application of research methodology.
The stabilization phase is a time of “consolidation of research experience and reflection on methodological identity” and a period of autonomy and independence as a researcher. This means that researchers have reached a point where they can seriously reflect on their role as a researcher and the value/meaning of research based on their expertise in research methodology. Stable researchers tend to adjust their methodological identity based on their own internal motivations rather than being influenced by societal demands. While some researchers demonstrated a willingness to maximize their expertise to enhance their scholarly contributions by “consistently maintaining a preference for a particular research methodology,” others sought to “flexibly apply a variety of research methodologies based on insights,” and others were seriously considering and reflecting on the direction of their research activities as educational administration scholars, trying to answer the question of what is an appropriate application of research methodology.
To summarize the 'research methodological identity adjustment process' of educational administration researchers, it is as follows. The initial research methodological identity of educational administration researchers, which was formed through their academic experiences in graduate school, was adjusted as they progressed in their careers, influenced by various factors in the context of the academic community in which they conducted their research, and the research methodological identity of the researchers was legitimized through the 'social validation mechanism'. This study found that researchers engage in 'identity adjustment' to resolve and balance the 'identity conflict' that arises between social role expectations and personal beliefs regarding the appropriate application of research methodology. The purpose of identity adjustment was to strategically select the response that the researcher deemed most ideal and reasonable in order to reduce the dissonance between the researcher's perception of what constituted the appropriate application of the methodology and the way the researcher actually applied the methodology, which had changed in response to social demands. Strategies for responding to identity conflict may involve changing the researcher's perspective and attitudes, improving the application of the methodology, or finding a compromise between the two and convincing oneself of the circumstances that led to the choice. It was found that the research methodological identity formed in the previous stage of career development was continuously strengthened or weakened by various contextual and personal factors as the individual and the context evolved to the current stage, and that the process of identity adjustment is not discrete, but leads to a continuous and complementary relationship over time.
Based on the above findings, the conclusions of this study are as follows. First, researchers adopted different strategies at different stages of their career development, which can be broadly categorized as compromise, enrichment, and disengagement. Second, the formation of research methodology identities among educational administration researchers varied depending on the type of training they received at the graduate level and the interactions they had with their supervisors and peers. Third, the researchers' methodological identity was established through social validation mechanisms, and the way they adjusted their methodological identity depended on how they were evaluated and recognized. Fourth, the methodological identity of educational administration researchers was shaped and adjusted according to temporal order and context.
Based on these conclusions, this study makes the following practical recommendations and suggestions for further research. First, in terms of practical recommendations to improve real-world problems, the study recommended the development of curriculum improvement plans to expand research methodology education, the operation of common curricula across disciplines/disciplines and universities to ensure diversity in research methodology, the establishment of common education programs across universities centered on professors, the development of practical learning communities to foster an open and collaborative academic community culture, and the expansion of academic-level discussions on appropriate thesis review procedures and research performance evaluation criteria. At the theoretical level for further research, the researchers recommended longitudinal studies of educational administration researchers at different stages of their career development, analysis of the relationship between research methodological identity characteristics and influencing factors over time and context, research on the adjustment of research methodological identity among researchers in different disciplines and the link between research results, and research on the adjustment and specific aspects of research methodological identity among researchers in a stable period.