The Effects of the Awareness of Poverty
Causes on Welfare Attitude
With a Focus on the Mediating Effects of the Awareness of Income Distribution
Kim, Mi-jin
Major in Social Welfare Counseling
Graduate School of Administration
Kaya University
Direc...
The Effects of the Awareness of Poverty
Causes on Welfare Attitude
With a Focus on the Mediating Effects of the Awareness of Income Distribution
Kim, Mi-jin
Major in Social Welfare Counseling
Graduate School of Administration
Kaya University
Directed by Professor. Ahn, Sang-Keun
<Abstract>
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effects of the awareness of income distribution on relations between the awareness of poverty causes and welfare attitude.
For this purpose, the study selected 1,719 respondents that gave their answers both in the survey of household members and the additional survey on welfare awareness in the 14th Korea Welfare Panel Study and analyzed their responses.
The data analysis results were summarized as follows:
First, 48.3% and 51.7% of the subjects were male and female, respectively. As for age, those who were in their fifties accounted for the biggest portion at 26.0%. As for educational backgrounds, those who graduated from college or higher educational institution recorded the highest percentage at 38.2%. As for income, 84.2% and 15.8% were under and above the 60% level of median income, respectively.
Second, the study examined the means of the major variables and found that personal behavior, personal fate, and social structure under the awareness of poverty causes recorded 3.25, 2.85, and 2.95, respectively. The means of the awareness of income distribution and welfare attitude were 3.68 and 3.16, respectively.
Third, the study analyzed differences according to the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects and found that those who were younger than 30 considered the social structure as a cause of poverty significantly more than those who were in their fifties. Those who were under the 60% level of median income had higher welfare attitude than those who were above the level. Those who had a progressive political tendency had higher awareness of income distribution and welfare attitude than those who had a moderate or conservative one.
Fourth, the study investigated whether the factors of the awareness of poverty causes had significant effects on welfare attitude and found that personal behavior(p<.001) and social structure(p<.001) had negative(-) and positive(+) effects on welfare attitude, respectively.
Fifth, the study also investigated whether the factors of the awareness of poverty causes had significant effects on the awareness of income distribution and found that personal behavior(p<.01) and social structure(p<.001) had negative(-) and positive(+) effects on the awareness of income distribution, respectively.
Finally, the study tested the mediating effects of the awareness of income distribution on relations between the subfactors of the awareness of poverty causes and welfare attitude and found that the awareness of income distribution had partial mediating effects on relations between personal behavior and welfare attitude and between social structure and welfare attitude.
Based on these findings, the study made a couple of proposals:
First, given the differences in the awareness of income distribution and welfare attitude according to the income level and political tendencies, there is a need to provide promotions and programs to change the awareness of poverty based on sociodemographic characteristics.
And secondly, there should be measures to help college students majoring in social welfare and practitioners in social welfare form an attitude of attributing poverty to social structure issues. In college, a poverty subject should be created to help students establish a realistic attitude toward poverty with proper connections established between the school and the field of practice to enable them to have a practical understanding of the field. In addition, technical and supplementary education should be provided regularly to civil servants responsible for social welfare work so that they can accept the changing social phenomena and changes to the poverty structure quickly and reduce their negative awareness of poverty.
The present study provided basic data for future welfare policies by investigating effects on the awareness of poverty causes that did not attract much attention as a factor influencing welfare attitude and checking the mediating effects of the awareness of income distribution on relations between the awareness of poverty causes and welfare attitude, thus holding its significance.