With the continuous increases of various social problems due to the intergenerational gap according to rapid social changes including low birth rate and aging population along with the fast economic development since the 1980s, the role of social work...
With the continuous increases of various social problems due to the intergenerational gap according to rapid social changes including low birth rate and aging population along with the fast economic development since the 1980s, the role of social workers has been emphasized.
Social workers realize the “human-oriented value” with professional knowledge and technology, and social reputation or acknowledgement aside from their expertise are essential occupational factors. When it comes to providing social welfare service, they are important to determine the service quality as well as performance.
Nevertheless, there is insufficient research on the consciousness or recognition of the job or political and institutional interests in improvement of treatment for social workers.
This research has significance in identifying the effects of social workers’ job-esteem on burnout, calling attention to that problems experienced by social workers are related to the social institutionalization of their job awareness, and providing practical and practical implications.
This research recruited 800 social workers in the fields of children, senior citizens, the disabled, and local community in Jeollanam-do. The research was conducted through visits or via mail from Mar 8 to Mar 30 in 2018. Out of the retrieved 739 survey sheets, 709 were used for the analysis except for those improper for this research. The collected data were statistically process with frequency analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 22.0.
The main results of this research are as follows:
First, as a result of exploring job-esteem and burnout of the social workers, it was revealed that the level of job-esteem was slightly higher than the medium level (3.49 out of 5), while burnout was moderate with the average of 2.46.
Second, the analysis of the distributions of job-esteem and burnout according to the general characteristics of the social workers revealed that they had higher job-esteem, if they were older, had a spouse, had a higher education level, were financially healthier, earned a higher annual salary, had a higher position, and worked for a longer period; higher burnout was identified amongst those younger, those with a lower higher education, those who were financially unhealthier, whose with a lower annual salary, those with a lower position, and those with a working period between 3 and 10 years.
Third, the analysis of the relationship among major variables revealed that job-esteem and sub-variables had negative (-) correlation with burnout; the higher the career esteem, the lower the burnout. Meanwhile, the variables of job characteristics and the variables of the characteristics of organizational environment showed positive (+) relationship with burnout; the poorer the occupational role in the organization, the interpersonal relationship, and the compensation system, the higher the burnout.
Fourth, it was revealed that social workers’ job-esteem had negative (-) effects on burnout; the lower the job-esteem, the more effect on burnout. This showed that social workers’ job-esteem was an essential factor for burnout. The sub-factors of job-esteem including positive value, social reputation, and negative treatment showed negative effects on burnout. That is, the more social workers feel their job valuable and proud, the more they consider that their job contributes to the society, and the less they feel negative treatment for their job, the lower their burnout. On the other hand, relative benefit, as a relative evaluation of their job compared to others, showed no significant relationship in the influential relationship with burnout.
Based on such results, this research has significance in analyzing influential factors of burnout of social workers in Jeollanam-do from multi-angle perspectives, identifying the causal relationship between job-esteem and burnout, and practically verifying the effects of job-esteem on burnout. Therefore, the academic and political implications of this research are as follows:
First, it was revealed that social workers’ job-esteem was a major causal variable for burnout. As such, political intervention is necessary to improve social workers’ occupational status. Second, as positive value, social reputation, and negative treatment, which constitute job-esteem, are causal variables of burnout, it is important to improve social workers’ job awareness and evaluation through continuous efforts and practical research that social workers are considered professionals contributing to the social and public development and value. Third, the necessity to pay attention to the relationship between job-esteem and the characteristics of organizational environment has been brought up. To develop the environment favorable to work and compensation system, it is required to improve the system and revise the laws through discussion and cooperation in the field of social welfare. Fourth, efforts to improve systems for increased job-esteem including improvement of treatment for social workers.