This study is a study that deeply analyzed the effects on teachers and students when designing and applying a teaching-learning strategy for middle school health classes as team-based learning through observation and recording. The research questions ...
This study is a study that deeply analyzed the effects on teachers and students when designing and applying a teaching-learning strategy for middle school health classes as team-based learning through observation and recording. The research questions are as follows. First, how was the teaching-learning strategy for health applied to team-based learning designed? Second, how is the teaching-learning strategy for health applied to team-based learning applied?
To achieve the purpose of the study, the iterative comparative analysis method was used, and the triangulation method was adopted and utilized to increase the validity. The subjects of the study were one class at A, B, and C middle schools in Changwon. Three health teachers who obtained consent to participate in the study from Baesalbo (Health Teachers Association where Learning is Alive) designed 17 teaching-learning lesson plans that applied team-based learning by adopting 10 subtopics from 4 major units based on the analysis of 5 textbooks. The designed teaching-learning plan collected and analyzed the observations of the classes of three research participants, teacher reflection journals, student learning journals, and discussions between teachers after classes were conducted starting in March 2024.
The research is summarized as follows.
First, according to the reflections of teachers who applied team-based learning to conduct classes, the teachers’ teaching burden decreased, students’ understanding of the class content increased, and teachers’ feedback to students increased. This seems to be because, unlike traditional classes where the teacher’s weight was high, team-based learning provided stepping-stone videos and reading materials as preparatory activities before class as pre-learning. In other words, since pre-learning increased understanding of the class, free-riding was not observed, and all students were observed to participate in the activities with their own roles in the process of solving individual and team assignments. In addition, scenes of mentoring other friends in the group were observed so that each friend could faithfully fulfill their own role. These aspects were observed by many teachers in class sharing activities targeting teachers who applied team-based learning and were fed back to the researchers.
Second, when examining the learning content of students who participated in team-based learning classes, it was reported that students were able to participate in classes voluntarily and actively through pre-learning. Through this, it was possible to confirm an increase in self-directed learning ability and participation. In particular, through applied problem-solving learning based on real cases, learners were able to solve problems by applying cases they actually experienced, thereby improving problem-solving ability, collaboration ability, communication ability, and critical thinking ability, not just simple knowledge.
In summary, the results of the study show that team-based learning is the most appropriate teaching-learning strategy for health, a subject centered on real cases, and is a class that helps students apply what they have learned to real life. In addition, it is significant in that it can foster teachers' expertise in classes, making it an effective model for health education.
To summarize the results of the study, team-based learning is the most appropriate teaching-learning strategy for health, a subject centered on real cases, and it was a class that helped students apply what they learned to real life. In addition, it is meaningful in that it is an effective model for health subjects because it can foster teachers’ expertise in classes.
Based on the summary of this study, the conclusions obtained through the design and application of teaching-learning strategies for health subjects using team-based learning are as follows.
First, despite the fact that health education is necessary for people to lead physically and mentally healthy lives, health subjects were operated as elective subjects in middle schools. Therefore, there were physical limitations in designing and applying various teaching-learning methods, and as a result, it was difficult to accumulate and share various experiences. Therefore, above all, institutional measures should be sought to foster the capacity of health teachers as teaching experts, and based on this, the autonomy of teachers should be guaranteed.
Second, various approaches to operating health classes should be attempted. In this study, team-based learning was applied, but it is thought that various teaching-learning methods should be applied depending on the characteristics of the school or students.
Third, since this study targeted male and female first-year middle school students in the Changwon area of Gyeongnam, there are limitations in generalizing the results to other regions or genders. Therefore, in applying team-based learning, educational effects may vary depending on the regional characteristics of the school or the team composition method, so it will be necessary to attempt research that considers various situational variables.
Lastly, despite the limitations of health as an elective subject, we hope that this study will be used as a good guide to enhance the teaching expertise of health teachers.