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    Cloud point extraction 방법 최적화를 통한 식품 및 생체 매트릭스 내 식품첨가물 산화아연과 이산화규소 나노물질의 성상 연구 = Fate determination of food additive zinc oxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles in commercial foods and biological matrices by optimizing cloud point extraction approach

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T15738778

    • 저자
    • 발행사항

      서울 : 서울여자대학교 일반대학원, 2021

    • 학위논문사항

      학위논문(석사) -- 서울여자대학교 일반대학원 , 식품공학과 , 2021. 2

    • 발행연도

      2021

    • 작성언어

      한국어

    • 발행국(도시)

      서울

    • 형태사항

      ; 26 cm

    • 일반주기명

      지도교수: 최수진

    • UCI식별코드

      I804:11036-200000370768

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      • 서울여자대학교 도서관 소장기관정보
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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) are currently among the most widely used nanoparticles (NPs) in the food industry as food additives. ZnO NPs have been used as an essential trace element zinc supplement, which is crucial for cellular functions. SiO2 NPs have been used as an anti-caking agent, and the forms of food additive SiO2 NPs include fumed SiO2 NPs and precipitated SiO2 NPs. While NPs have novel properties due to their large surface area to volume ratio, there is growing concern about their potential toxicity. Therefore, it is important to determine physicochemical properties and fate of NPs. However, analytical method for fate determination of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs in food or biological matrices have not been clearly suggested.
    In this study, the nonionic surfactant Triton X-114 based cloud point extraction (CPE) approach was optimized to detect ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs as intact particle and ionic forms in commercial foods and biological matrices. The physicochemical properties of the separated particles were analyzed by measuring constituent particle sizes, hydrodynamic diameters and zeta-potentials. The fates of separated ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The fates of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs in biological systems were determined overall using in vitro Caco-2 monolayer and follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), ex vivo everted intestinal models, and in vivo SD rats.
    The results demonstrated that the CPE can effectively separate particles and ionic forms in foods and biological matrices. The major fate of ZnO in powdered foods was a particle, contrary to its ionic fate in liquid beverages. Conversely, the major fate of SiO2 in foods was a particle. ZnO NPs were internalized into cells in both particle and ionic forms, but dissolved into ions over time, probably forming a Zn-ligand complex. ZnO NPs were found to be transported through intestinal barriers and absorbed in the small intestine primarily as Zn2+ ions. The dissolution properties of ZnO NPs were determined to be about 17%-31% in gastric fluid, but SiO2 NPs were almost insoluble (~0.2%). The tissue distribution fate of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs was determined to be primarily ionic in form. However, ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs can be slightly absorbed in particle form at the same time in the liver and the blood. A comparison of the absorption (%) of two SiO2 NPs of different manufacturing methods showed that the absorption (%) of precipitated SiO2 NPs was higher than that of fumed SiO2 NPs. These results indicate that the major fate of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs was determined to be of ionic form in the body. However, a portion of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs could be absorbed into the body as particles. Therefore, long-term potential toxicity resulting from particle forms cannot be completely excluded.
    These findings will be useful for understanding the potential toxicity of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs. Moreover, these findings suggest that the CPE approach will be a useful technique to determine the fate of NPs in foods and biological matrices.
    번역하기

    Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) are currently among the most widely used nanoparticles (NPs) in the food industry as food additives. ZnO NPs have been used as an essential trace element zinc supplement, which is crucial for cellular functi...

    Zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) are currently among the most widely used nanoparticles (NPs) in the food industry as food additives. ZnO NPs have been used as an essential trace element zinc supplement, which is crucial for cellular functions. SiO2 NPs have been used as an anti-caking agent, and the forms of food additive SiO2 NPs include fumed SiO2 NPs and precipitated SiO2 NPs. While NPs have novel properties due to their large surface area to volume ratio, there is growing concern about their potential toxicity. Therefore, it is important to determine physicochemical properties and fate of NPs. However, analytical method for fate determination of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs in food or biological matrices have not been clearly suggested.
    In this study, the nonionic surfactant Triton X-114 based cloud point extraction (CPE) approach was optimized to detect ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs as intact particle and ionic forms in commercial foods and biological matrices. The physicochemical properties of the separated particles were analyzed by measuring constituent particle sizes, hydrodynamic diameters and zeta-potentials. The fates of separated ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The fates of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs in biological systems were determined overall using in vitro Caco-2 monolayer and follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), ex vivo everted intestinal models, and in vivo SD rats.
    The results demonstrated that the CPE can effectively separate particles and ionic forms in foods and biological matrices. The major fate of ZnO in powdered foods was a particle, contrary to its ionic fate in liquid beverages. Conversely, the major fate of SiO2 in foods was a particle. ZnO NPs were internalized into cells in both particle and ionic forms, but dissolved into ions over time, probably forming a Zn-ligand complex. ZnO NPs were found to be transported through intestinal barriers and absorbed in the small intestine primarily as Zn2+ ions. The dissolution properties of ZnO NPs were determined to be about 17%-31% in gastric fluid, but SiO2 NPs were almost insoluble (~0.2%). The tissue distribution fate of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs was determined to be primarily ionic in form. However, ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs can be slightly absorbed in particle form at the same time in the liver and the blood. A comparison of the absorption (%) of two SiO2 NPs of different manufacturing methods showed that the absorption (%) of precipitated SiO2 NPs was higher than that of fumed SiO2 NPs. These results indicate that the major fate of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs was determined to be of ionic form in the body. However, a portion of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs could be absorbed into the body as particles. Therefore, long-term potential toxicity resulting from particle forms cannot be completely excluded.
    These findings will be useful for understanding the potential toxicity of ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs. Moreover, these findings suggest that the CPE approach will be a useful technique to determine the fate of NPs in foods and biological matrices.

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • 목차
    • 1. 서론 1
    • 2. 재료 및 방법 7
    • 목차
    • 1. 서론 1
    • 2. 재료 및 방법 7
    • 2.1. ZnO NPs의 식품 및 생체 매트릭스 내 성상 규명 7
    • 2.1.1. ZnO NPs의 물리화학적 특성 분석 7
    • 2.1.2. ZnO NPs의 정량분석을 위한 전처리 방법 7
    • 2.1.3. Cloud Point Extraction 8
    • 2.1.4. 식품 매트릭스 내 성상 규명 8
    • 2.1.5. ZnO NPs의 분산제/식품 매트릭스/세포배양액에서의 용해도 분석 9
    • 2.1.6. 상업용 식품 내 성상 규명 10
    • 2.1.7. UV-Vis spectrometry 분석 10
    • 2.1.8. 세포주 및 세포 배양 조건 11
    • 2.1.9. 세포 내 유입 성상 연구 11
    • 2.1.10. 공초점 현미경을 이용한 세포 내 성상 연구 12
    • 2.1.11. In vitro 장내 수송 모델에서의 유입 성상 연구 12
    • 2.1.12. 동물모델 및 사육조건 15
    • 2.1.13. Ex vivo everted intestinal sac 모델에서의 흡수 성상 연구 15
    • 2.1.14. 생체 내 흡수 및 거동 연구 18
    • 2.1.15. ICP-AES 분석 18
    • 2.1.16. 통계적 분석 18
    • 2.2. SiO2 NPs의 식품 및 생체 매트릭스 내 성상 규명 20
    • 2.2.1. SiO2 NPs의 물리화학적 특성 분석 20
    • 2.2.2. SiO2 NPs의 정량분석을 위한 전처리 방법 20
    • 2.2.3. Cloud Point Extraction 21
    • 2.2.4. 식품 매트릭스 내 성상 규명 21
    • 2.2.5. SiO2 NPs의 식품 매트릭스에서의 용해도 분석 22
    • 2.2.6. 상업용 식품 내 성상 규명 22
    • 2.2.7. 동물모델 및 사육조건 22
    • 2.2.8. 생체 내 흡수 및 거동 연구 23
    • 2.2.9. ICP-AES 분석 23
    • 2.2.10. 통계적 분석 23
    • 3. 결과 및 고찰 25
    • 3.1. ZnO NPs의 식품 및 생체 매트릭스 내 성상 규명 25
    • 3.1.1. ZnO NPs의 물리화학적 특성 분석 25
    • 3.1.2. ZnO NPs의 정량법 확립 28
    • 3.1.3. ZnO NPs의 CPE 조건 최적화 32
    • 3.1.4. CPE를 이용한 pristine ZnO NPs의 회수율 분석 38
    • 3.1.5. ZnO NPs의 분산제/식품 매트릭스/세포배양액에서의 용해도 분석 40
    • 3.1.6. 식품 매트릭스 내 ZnO NPs의 성상 규명 44
    • 3.1.7. 상업용 식품 내 ZnO의 성상 규명 48
    • 3.1.8. 상업용 식품 내 ZnO 정성분석 및 물리화학적 특성 52
    • 3.1.9. 세포 내 유입 성상 연구 57
    • 3.1.10. 공초점 현미경을 이용한 세포 내 성상 연구 59
    • 3.1.11. In vitro 장내 수송 모델에서의 유입 성상 연구 61
    • 3.1.12. Ex vivo everted intestinal sac 모델에서의 흡수 성상 연구 63
    • 3.1.13. ZnO NPs의 생체 내 흡수 및 거동 연구 65
    • 3.2. SiO2 NPs의 식품 및 생체 매트릭스 내 성상 규명 67
    • 3.2.1. SiO2 NPs의 물리화학적 특성 분석 67
    • 3.2.2. SiO2 NPs의 정량법 확립 70
    • 3.2.3. SiO2 NPs의 CPE 조건 최적화 73
    • 3.2.4. CPE를 이용한 pristine SiO2 NPs의 회수율 분석 75
    • 3.2.5. SiO2 NPs의 식품 매트릭스에서의 용해도 분석 77
    • 3.2.6. 식품 매트릭스 내 SiO2 NPs의 성상 규명 79
    • 3.2.7. 상업용 식품 내 SiO2의 성상 규명 82
    • 3.2.8. SiO2 NPs의 생체 내 흡수 및 거동 연구 84
    • 4. 결론 87
    • 5. 참고문헌 92
    • 6. 영문요약 101
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