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      淸 康熙帝의 皇太子 결정과 그 位相 = The Role and Status of Crown Prince Yinreng in the Qing Empire

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A104053696

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

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      Kangxi Emperor's reign was a turning point in the history of the Qing Empire. In other words, Kangxi emperor built the foundation for political stability. This paper is an attempt to understand why Kangxi emperor chose Yinreng as a crown prince in 1675, and to explore the role and status of Crown prince Yinreng in the Qing empire. This paper is based on the palace Memorials which was addressed to the emperor from Yinreng in Beijing.
      Some scholars have argued that the Kangxi emperor accepted a Han Chinese custom, which appointed the eldest son of the Empress as the crown prince, to ensure stability during a time of chaos in the south. They also said the Manchus did not have this tradition. However, one scholar analyzed that the Manchus also selected leaders on the basis of birth order or the status of the birth mother. From this point, I aim to explain the Kangxi emperor’s attempt to keep the empire stable, through deciding Yinreng as the heir apparent.
      This issue was related to Kangxi's personal memory. He succeeded the imperial throne at the age of 8 on 1661. Kangxi was not able to rule in his minority, however even with the formal authority of office, the young emperor knew that it difficult to control the growing power of the Four Regents. For this reason, Kangxi emperor decided Yinreng as a crown prince in 1675, and he want to educate and train his son as the heir apparent.
      All imperial princes lived in Beijing and required the Emperor’s consent to travel from the capital. The Emperor controlled virtually every aspect of their lives. In the years 1696 and 1697, when the Kangxi emperor himself as commander in chief on a campaign against the Zungars, Yinreng participated in administrative affairs in Beijing. Some scholars have argued that Yinreng was made regent to look over affairs when Kangxi emperor was on campaign against Galdan. However, Yinreng just participated in administrative affairs, he did not has the right to make the final decision, the power of decision resides in the emperor. The prince did not share his father’s power. So I could explain the crown prince Yinreng was merely ‘an information messenger’.
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      Kangxi Emperor's reign was a turning point in the history of the Qing Empire. In other words, Kangxi emperor built the foundation for political stability. This paper is an attempt to understand why Kangxi emperor chose Yinreng as a crown prince in 167...

      Kangxi Emperor's reign was a turning point in the history of the Qing Empire. In other words, Kangxi emperor built the foundation for political stability. This paper is an attempt to understand why Kangxi emperor chose Yinreng as a crown prince in 1675, and to explore the role and status of Crown prince Yinreng in the Qing empire. This paper is based on the palace Memorials which was addressed to the emperor from Yinreng in Beijing.
      Some scholars have argued that the Kangxi emperor accepted a Han Chinese custom, which appointed the eldest son of the Empress as the crown prince, to ensure stability during a time of chaos in the south. They also said the Manchus did not have this tradition. However, one scholar analyzed that the Manchus also selected leaders on the basis of birth order or the status of the birth mother. From this point, I aim to explain the Kangxi emperor’s attempt to keep the empire stable, through deciding Yinreng as the heir apparent.
      This issue was related to Kangxi's personal memory. He succeeded the imperial throne at the age of 8 on 1661. Kangxi was not able to rule in his minority, however even with the formal authority of office, the young emperor knew that it difficult to control the growing power of the Four Regents. For this reason, Kangxi emperor decided Yinreng as a crown prince in 1675, and he want to educate and train his son as the heir apparent.
      All imperial princes lived in Beijing and required the Emperor’s consent to travel from the capital. The Emperor controlled virtually every aspect of their lives. In the years 1696 and 1697, when the Kangxi emperor himself as commander in chief on a campaign against the Zungars, Yinreng participated in administrative affairs in Beijing. Some scholars have argued that Yinreng was made regent to look over affairs when Kangxi emperor was on campaign against Galdan. However, Yinreng just participated in administrative affairs, he did not has the right to make the final decision, the power of decision resides in the emperor. The prince did not share his father’s power. So I could explain the crown prince Yinreng was merely ‘an information messenger’.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 이영옥, "중국의 황태자 교육" 김영사 2007

      2 차배근, "중국 邸報의 起源과 發達過程에 관한 小考" 21 : 1984

      3 이시바시 다카오, "대청제국 1616-1799" 휴머니스트 2009

      4 조나단 스펜서, "강희제" 이산 2001

      5 梁紹杰, "淸康熙朝大學士王掞奏請建儲始末" 129 : 2007

      6 杜文凱, "淸代西人見聞錄" 中國人民大學出版社 70-, 1985

      7 莊吉發, "故宮檔案述要" 故宮博物院 9-17, 1983

      8 吳秀良, "康熙朝儲位鬪爭記實" 中國社會科學出版社 1988

      9 林乾, "康熙懲抑朋黨與淸代極權政治" 正展出版公司 188-, 2003

      10 송미령, "康熙帝의 淸 帝國 구상과 滿洲族의 정체성 － 예수회 선교사들의 기록을 중심으로 －" 역사학회 (196) : 127-157, 2007

      1 이영옥, "중국의 황태자 교육" 김영사 2007

      2 차배근, "중국 邸報의 起源과 發達過程에 관한 小考" 21 : 1984

      3 이시바시 다카오, "대청제국 1616-1799" 휴머니스트 2009

      4 조나단 스펜서, "강희제" 이산 2001

      5 梁紹杰, "淸康熙朝大學士王掞奏請建儲始末" 129 : 2007

      6 杜文凱, "淸代西人見聞錄" 中國人民大學出版社 70-, 1985

      7 莊吉發, "故宮檔案述要" 故宮博物院 9-17, 1983

      8 吳秀良, "康熙朝儲位鬪爭記實" 中國社會科學出版社 1988

      9 林乾, "康熙懲抑朋黨與淸代極權政治" 正展出版公司 188-, 2003

      10 송미령, "康熙帝의 淸 帝國 구상과 滿洲族의 정체성 － 예수회 선교사들의 기록을 중심으로 －" 역사학회 (196) : 127-157, 2007

      11 岡田英雄, "康熙帝の手紙" 中公新書 1979

      12 孟昭信, "康熙大帝全传" 吉林文史出版社 1-36, 1987

      13 孫繼新, "康熙后妃子女傳稿" 紫禁城出版社 118-119, 2006

      14 姚念慈, "康熙初年四大臣輔政芻議 in : 淸初政治史探微" 遼寧民族出版社 459-466, 2008

      15 王霞, "平定“布尔尼之乱”图海宣府出兵考" 哲学社会科学版 2007

      16 森川哲雄, "察哈尔部布尔尼亲王之乱 in : 蒙古学信息"

      17 "中國歷史大辭典 淸史" 上海辭書出版社 1992

      18 Crossley, "The Manchus" Blackwell Publishers 90-92, 2002

      19 Chieh-hsien Chen, "The Manchu Palace" Linking Publishing Co 176-177, 1987

      20 Bouvet, "The History of Cang-Hy"

      21 Silas H, "Passage to Power : K'ang-hsi and His Heir Apparent, 1661-1722" Harvard University Press 1979

      22 Harold Kahn, "Monarchy in the Emperor's Eyes : Image and Reality in the Ch'ien-lung Reign" Harvard Univ. Press, 1971

      23 Arthur W. Hummel, "Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period 2 vols" 1943

      24 Pamela K. Crossley, "A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology" University of California Press 223-224, 2002

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