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      淸 康熙 연간 黑龍江將軍 관할구 駐防 건설 ― 솔론・다구르 등 원주 집단 재편을 중심으로 ― = Qing's Construction of the Military District of Heilongjiang General and Incorporation of Solon and Dagūr into Eight Banners in 1680s

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A108579253

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      The conclusion of the Nerchinsk treaty in 1689 meant the Amur River basin was publicly recognized as a part of Qing territory. But it did not mean the area had been a part of Manchu territory since Nurhaci and Hongtaiji. There were Qing dynasty’s expeditions to the Amur River basin before the 1680s. But these expeditions were aimed at capturing the population rather than territorial expansion. Moreover, most of the expeditions were aimed at middle and lower Amur River basin, and the expedition to the upper and middle Amur River basin was only conducted around 1639. The vast Amur-Nun River basin, the northern area of Mukden-Jilin-Ninguta, was still regarded as one of ‘the outer feudatories(waifan)’, which was not under the direct control of Qing.
      In the 1680s, when Russians built a fortress in Albazin, the indegenous groups in the upper and middle Amur River basins, such as Solon and Dagūr pled for military aid to Qing court. Kangxi emperor proceeded the expeditions to drive the Russians out of the Amur River basin. To secure troops for the Albazin Expeditions, parts of Solon and Dagūr was incorporated into the Eight Banners. Even after the Albazin Expeditions, Qing court continued to organize Solon, Dagūr and neighboring Sibe and Barhu to become the bannermen under Heilongjiang general and to be stationed at the banner garrisons such as Mergen and Cicigar. At the same time, Solon and Dagūr of Butha Niru, which was one of the outer feudatories and under the jurisdiction of Court of Colonial Dependencies(lifanyuan), became jurisdiction of the military district of Heilongjiang general. As a result, people living in the Amur-Nun River basin came under the jurisdiction of the military district of Heilongjiang general. The Amur-Nun River basin changed from one of the outer feudatories, which had only a loose relationship with Qing court, to ‘the military district of Heilongjiang general’, a ‘direct territory’ governed by a Garrison General of Qing.
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      The conclusion of the Nerchinsk treaty in 1689 meant the Amur River basin was publicly recognized as a part of Qing territory. But it did not mean the area had been a part of Manchu territory since Nurhaci and Hongtaiji. There were Qing dynasty’s ex...

      The conclusion of the Nerchinsk treaty in 1689 meant the Amur River basin was publicly recognized as a part of Qing territory. But it did not mean the area had been a part of Manchu territory since Nurhaci and Hongtaiji. There were Qing dynasty’s expeditions to the Amur River basin before the 1680s. But these expeditions were aimed at capturing the population rather than territorial expansion. Moreover, most of the expeditions were aimed at middle and lower Amur River basin, and the expedition to the upper and middle Amur River basin was only conducted around 1639. The vast Amur-Nun River basin, the northern area of Mukden-Jilin-Ninguta, was still regarded as one of ‘the outer feudatories(waifan)’, which was not under the direct control of Qing.
      In the 1680s, when Russians built a fortress in Albazin, the indegenous groups in the upper and middle Amur River basins, such as Solon and Dagūr pled for military aid to Qing court. Kangxi emperor proceeded the expeditions to drive the Russians out of the Amur River basin. To secure troops for the Albazin Expeditions, parts of Solon and Dagūr was incorporated into the Eight Banners. Even after the Albazin Expeditions, Qing court continued to organize Solon, Dagūr and neighboring Sibe and Barhu to become the bannermen under Heilongjiang general and to be stationed at the banner garrisons such as Mergen and Cicigar. At the same time, Solon and Dagūr of Butha Niru, which was one of the outer feudatories and under the jurisdiction of Court of Colonial Dependencies(lifanyuan), became jurisdiction of the military district of Heilongjiang general. As a result, people living in the Amur-Nun River basin came under the jurisdiction of the military district of Heilongjiang general. The Amur-Nun River basin changed from one of the outer feudatories, which had only a loose relationship with Qing court, to ‘the military district of Heilongjiang general’, a ‘direct territory’ governed by a Garrison General of Qing.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 구범진, "청나라, 키메라의 제국" 민음사 2012

      2 이옥지, "천총 8-9년 후금의 동해여진 원정과 홍타이지의 팔기 개혁" 명청사학회 (55) : 43-75, 2021

      3 조병학, "입관전 후금의 몽골 및 만주족 통합에 관한 연구" 중앙대학교 대학원 2002

      4 金 鑫, "雅克薩之戰前後的達斡爾五百官兵考述" 1 : 2011

      5 中國第一歷史檔案館, "錫伯族檔案史料" 遼寧民族出版社 1989

      6 達斡爾資料集編輯委員會, "達斡爾資料集 第九集 檔案全集(一)" 民族出版社 2007

      7 吉田金一, "近代露淸關係史" 近藤出版社 1974

      8 金 鑫, "薩哈連額駙身世釋疑--兼議薩哈爾察部族屬" 1 : 2017

      9 金 鑫, "索倫達斡爾人在雅克薩之戰中的活動探微" 2 : 2016

      10 劉小萌, "滿族從部落到國家的發展" 遙寧民族出版社 2001

      1 구범진, "청나라, 키메라의 제국" 민음사 2012

      2 이옥지, "천총 8-9년 후금의 동해여진 원정과 홍타이지의 팔기 개혁" 명청사학회 (55) : 43-75, 2021

      3 조병학, "입관전 후금의 몽골 및 만주족 통합에 관한 연구" 중앙대학교 대학원 2002

      4 金 鑫, "雅克薩之戰前後的達斡爾五百官兵考述" 1 : 2011

      5 中國第一歷史檔案館, "錫伯族檔案史料" 遼寧民族出版社 1989

      6 達斡爾資料集編輯委員會, "達斡爾資料集 第九集 檔案全集(一)" 民族出版社 2007

      7 吉田金一, "近代露淸關係史" 近藤出版社 1974

      8 金 鑫, "薩哈連額駙身世釋疑--兼議薩哈爾察部族屬" 1 : 2017

      9 金 鑫, "索倫達斡爾人在雅克薩之戰中的活動探微" 2 : 2016

      10 劉小萌, "滿族從部落到國家的發展" 遙寧民族出版社 2001

      11 承 志, "滿文《烏喇等處地方圖》考" 26 (26): 2009

      12 "淸聖祖實錄(明·淸實錄)"

      13 송인주, "淸朝의 順治~康熙年間 黑龍江 유역 통합과정과 ‘吉林將軍體制’의 성립― 샤르후다-바하이 부자의 활동을 중심으로 ―" 명청사학회 (50) : 129-162, 2018

      14 金 鑫, "淸朝對索倫和達斡爾兩族的官營貿易" 4 : 2015

      15 中國第一歷史檔案館, "淸宮珍藏達斡爾滿漢文檔案彙編(上)" 遼寧民族出版社 2018

      16 "淸太宗實錄(明·淸實錄)"

      17 韓 狄, "淸初索伦牛录的编立" 3 : 2008

      18 楠木賢道, "淸初對モンゴル政策史の硏究" 汲古書院 2009

      19 中國第一歷史檔案館, "淸代錫伯族檔案史料選編(一)" 新疆人民出版社 1987

      20 金 鑫, "淸代達斡爾·鄂溫克兩族所適用的法律" 2 : 2013

      21 金 鑫, "淸代布特哈八旗建立時間及牛錄數額新考" 6 : 2012

      22 金 鑫, "淸代前期布特哈總管沿革探析" 4 : 2013

      23 定宜莊, "淸代八旗駐防硏究" 遼寧民族出版社 2003

      24 구범진, "淸代 ‘滿洲’ 지역 행정체제의 변화-‘駐防體制’에서 ‘州縣體制’로" (14) : 2006

      25 "淸世祖實錄(明·淸實錄)"

      26 고석현, "淸 康熙 연간 알바진 원정과 黑龍江 지방의 교통로 개척" 역사문화연구소 (82) : 87-124, 2022

      27 이선애, "淸 初期 外藩(tulergi golo) 형성과정과 理藩院" 고려대학교 대학원 2014

      28 "欽定大淸會典" 商務印書館 1987

      29 "欽定大淸會典" 文海出版社 1992

      30 金 鑫, "康熙朝黑龍江駐防八旗“窮索倫”·站丁牛錄考" 5 : 2014

      31 金 鑫, "康熙朝黑龍江博爾德城八旗駐防始末" 1 : 2019

      32 "大淸會典則例" 商務印書館 1987

      33 Mancall, Mark, "Russia and China: Their Diplomatic Relations to 1728" 虹橋書店 1972

      34 Elliott, Mark C., "Limits of Tartary : Manchuria in Imperial and National Geographies" 59 (59): 2000

      35 Schlesinger, Jonathan, "A World Trimmed with Fur: Wild Things, Pristine Places, and the Natural Fringes of Qing Rule" Stanford University Press 2019

      36 남상긍, "18세기 후반 淸代 索倫營의 성립과 붕괴" 만주학회 (6) : 9-32, 2007

      37 이훈, "17세기 중엽 청-러시아의 충돌과 흑룡강 유역의 부족민" 열상고전연구회 (65) : 169-205, 2018

      38 이 훈, "17-18세기 淸朝의 滿洲地域에 대한 政策과 認識 : 건륭기 만주족의 위기와 관련하여" 고려대학교 대학원 2013

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