In Tianchong era, Later Jin(後金) and Joseon(朝鮮) formed a brotherly relationship and held negotiations over various issues about ten years. In this relationship, the main channel of negotiations between Later Jin and Joseon was Diplomatic Documents(國書, Ma.bithe). Envoys(使臣, Ma.elcin) dispatched regularly or irregularly to deliver the diplomatic documents were also the main channel of negotiations. As a response to the envoy's dispatch, the treatment process of envoys was derived during the envoy's visit. Therefore, the treatment process of envoys could be the clue to find the Later Jin and Joseon's intentions through the envoy exchange. However, there is a lack of research on the treatment of envoys dispatched from Later Jin and Joseon. Accordingly, the following dissertation examines the aspect of Later Jin's treatment of Joseon envoys in the Tiancong Era by compiling various historical records.
The stages of reconstructed procedures of Later Jin's treatment of Joseon envoys are; welcoming, reception, presentation of the gift, and farewell. Each of the procedures seemed to carry out by referring to previous cases. Additionally, The Board of Rites(禮部) was involved with the Treatment of Joseon envoys since its establishment in 1631. In other words, Later Jin's treatment of Joseon envoys was in the progress of forming specific procedures. And in certain circumstances, Later Jin adjusted some of the procedures to deliver reactions to Joseon’s response.
In the process of Later Jin's treatment of Joseon envoys, there were some cases that Later Jin's internal rituals were related to the treatment of Joseon envoys. These rituals were conducted to place Hong Taiji as the center of the rite, and show off the military achievements of Later Jin or the sovereignty of Hong Taiji. By attending Joseon envoy at internal ritual, Later Jin intended to demonstrate the visualized authority through the ritual and imprint its authority on Joseon. In 1636, Joseon envoy was enforced to attend the Hong Taiji's emperor enthronement. Through this case, Later Jin(Qing)'s intention was urging Joseon to agree with the authority of Hong Taiji as the emperor of Daicing Gurun(大淸).

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