In U.S-Mexico borderlands are complex space where generating intensive monitoring of nation-state and nativism but at the same time we see ironical phenomenon to neutralize the power of state that as a virtual barrier where militarized patrol surveillance are forced and as such a millions of people coming and going everyday.
Here is also hybridity space which race, gender and class relations creating mobility, exchange and production. At the same time that place stimulate questions and controversy on the role and functionality of border of the nation-stateThe complicity of this borderlands associated political treatment of violence and aesthetic treatment of technology coexistances the topography of cruelty as such patrol, surveillance, arrest and deportation and topography of civility as such salvation, cooperation and humanity. This space is also the realm of criminals and outlaws, especially drug traffickers, coyotes, robbers whose that linked to gangs assault border-crossers and committed to robbery, rape and murder.
After 9/11 border patrol and surveillance has been strengthened with high-tech tool, in result to escape these area Arizona, in particular Sonora Desert emerged as a new center of border-crossing in which unfortunately much border-crosser undergo injury and death. The numbers are estimated as a each year 356-529 and total 3861-5607 from 1994-to 2009. Meanwhile Mexican government enforcement in a war against drug cartels, for example at border city Ciudad Juarez, 1,607 were murdered in 2008, which transformed that city to necropolis. Especially feminicide was diffused which kidnapped, tortured, rapes, mutilated poor young women's body in the vacant land on the outskirt of the city are spread. Feminicide expresses power relations as multi-layered ‘sexual vilolence which has political motivation’ on the body of gendered and racialized. as well as naturalized as way of social control of violence on women. Women as victims of social vilolence in failed state prefer to migration and tried to transgress for U.S.-Mexico border. While in that process they relied on sponsor of coyotes, friendship or family's service and also suffered disaster as such betrayal, attack of gangs, robbery, drowning, spoiler, and traffic accidents, or dismissed on desert in bad weather. This is not space of ‘bio-politics’ of Michel Foucault but space of working death ‘necro-politics’ of Achlle Mbembe.
In recent, policy of criminalize on undocumented cross-border was more strengthened in U.S. Accumulative criminal record holder of undocumented migration or subjects of deportation who were arrested in borderlands are prisoned in camp during from 1 month to 1 year between. Recently, it seems that who were considered as a holder of collective ethnicity Mexican immigrants recognition was transferred to racialism by nationalistic denial and blame. But despite of danger confronted with in the process of border control, surveillance and transgression, the proportion of border-crosser and the dead does not decline. Almost every day in the Southwest borderlands deported more than 1,000 people to Mexico, but which expelled again they tried to transgression for circular migration.

미국-멕시코 국경지대는 인종, 젠더, 계급 관계가 연동되어 작동하는 혼종의 교류공간이며 생성공간이기에 국민국가의 ‘국경’ 기능과 역할 및 유용성에 의문과 논란을 증폭시키는 공간이다. 이 국경은 강고한 감시와 통제로 군사화 된 장벽인 한편 동시에 매일 백여만 명이 출퇴근 노동자로 왕래하여 국가의 경계가 실제로는 무력화 되는 가상의 장벽이기도하다. 이곳은 또한 많은 중남미계 밀입국자들이 월경을 시도하고 나아가 상해와 죽음을 겪는 공간이다. 특히 9/11 이래로 국경 순찰이 강화되고 첨단장비가 배치되면서 밀입국 통로는 애리조나 주, 소노라 사막이 월경의 요지로 떠올랐다. 폭력의 정치적 처리와 하이테크 테크놀로지의 미학적 처리를 결합한 이 공간에는 순찰과 감시, 체포와 송환이란 잔인함(cruelty)의 장소학(topography)과, 인도주의와 연대성라는 교양(civility)의 장소학이 공존한다. 그 결과 미셸 푸코의 ‘생명정치’, 조르조 아감벤의 ‘예외상태’, ‘벌거벗은 생명’ 등 개념들의 이론적 적용가능성을 시험할 여지를 제공한다.
미국-멕시코 국경지대는 국가 공권력이 첨예하게 행사되는 경계지이면서도 한편 폭력조직과 연계된 마약밀매업자, 밀입국 거래자, 강도들의 탈법이 자행되는 장소의 측면이 공존한다. 멕시코 정부의 마약 카르텔과의 전쟁에서 2008년 에 국경도시 시우닷 후아레스는 1,607명이 잔인하게 살해당해 망자의 도시(necropolis)로 변했다. 특히 가난한 젊은 여성을 납치․고문․강간․신체 절단을 자행하여 도시외곽이나 빈터에 내다버리는 여성살해(feminicide)가 확산되었다. ‘여성살해’는 여성에 대한 폭력이 사회통제 방식으로 자연화 된 정도만큼, 젠더화되고 인종화된 신체에 대한 중첩된 ‘정치적 동기를 가진 성적 폭력’으로서 권력관계를 표현한다. 사회적 폭력과 실패한 국가의 주요 희생자인 여성들은 미국으로 밀입국을 선호하고 그 과정에서 남성밀입국시도자와 마찬가지로 안내자의 배신․ 강도의 습격과 폭행․ 납치․ 익사․ 겁탈․ 역사(轢死)․ 악천후에 사막에 버려지는 참사를 겪는다. 이 연구는 ‘생명정치’의 공간인 동시에 아킬레 음벰베가 ‘시신의 정치’(necropolitics)라고 규정한 ‘죽음의 작업’(work of death)이 교차하는 공간으로서 미국-멕시코 국경지대의 현실에 주목한다.

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