This paper reviewed the transition process of the archaeological culture during the Neolithic era in the Beijing Area in terms of the genealogy and characteristics of the culture. Especially the paper focused on the correlation between the climate at the era and the process. According to the correlation, it is one of the characteristics of th culture in the area that a new culture which had flowed in the area from the outside continued for limited time and was replaced by other culture. The geographical features and climate changes of the area played critical roles for the characteristic. The roles would be originated from the geographical features that the area was of transition like a mixture area of agriculture and cattle breeding, especially that the better geographical places for living could be occupied more during the severe cold climate changes. This may imply that, in the cases of searching for the living places or expanding forces, the area provided the outside forces with more suitable environments. Therefore, it can be said that the culture was not only flowed in from the outside, but also not simply passed away. It can be confirmed that the culture was converged with the indigenous culture for the long period of time and a new cultural tradition was maintained, and that the entire transition of their cultures was due to the radical changes of the living environments. The transition made the area even better places. Therefore it can be seen that there were possibility of full scale conflicts between the outside forces and the existing forces in order to occupy the places. On the other hand, it can be considered that the pluralistic-cultural characteristics of the Xueshan Culture showed a strong possibility of co-existence and convergence in the area. The paper reviewed that the cause of the transition of the archaeological culture in the Beijing Area had been strongly related to the climate. According to the review, the climate changes caused the changes of the living environments. In addition, the paper reviewed the possibility of large scale migration for the new living environments due to the climate changes. The review confirmed the fact that the climate had influenced human society greatly in the area at the era.

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