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      홍무제의 대외인식과 조공제도의 정비 = The foreign awareness of Emperor Hongwu and modify of Tribute Institution

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A104055865

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

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      The Emperor Hongwu had been recognized that the cause of confusing in the late of Yuan dynasty was Yuan dynasty’ misleading, and he also had a strong confidence that the law and system of rite was caused to opposite opinion against civil society due to lacking of follow an old law.
      According to his these perspective, he had been reviewed and updated the law and system base upon a strong dictatorship in order to establish central control system. His effort on reestablishment of law system was not only settling the society domestically but also constructing an international tribute system centered around Ming.
      As the same result of other national structure, the law of system was a key means for the rulers to maintain the supreme imperial power and maintain social stability. Ming dynasty had been also revised a variety of their national dictator control system depend on build for the nation to center of china.
      First of all, he made a law strictly as well to escape from a scarce against social unstable on his citizen as to prevent his cabinet members’corruption. He had put on efforts to operate that the build law had helped contributing to control his citizen depend upon deliberated government documentation system. The first sequency was a building the law system then took focus on his citizen.
      He had been tried to set up his nation in conjunction with essence of human moral based upon traditional attitude. The order of rebuild law system was prioritize by emperor on noblesse and oblique. After accomplishment of his efforts he had applied his philosophy to international oder.
      As to considering an established international tribute system centered around Ming, he had been made a bill of each tribute system. Actually Ming that had strong military power and national capabilities had enforced to the other nation to follow the Ming’s tribute system It was reflected to other nation to keep the responsibility that Ming build the an international tribute system centered around one. It was a hierarchy in international order that accept the vertical oder between Ming and other nation compared to modern era. Once Ming have accept the tribute nation, it had differentiated with Emperor based upon specified tribute system. The influence of the system of rite in the early period of the Ming Dynasty on the system of rite in the middle and late period.
      In conclusion, the international order that had been builded by Ming was a stabilized relation that rooted on not only an international tribute system centered around Ming but also between each nation in conjunction with the principle of nonaggression.
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      The Emperor Hongwu had been recognized that the cause of confusing in the late of Yuan dynasty was Yuan dynasty’ misleading, and he also had a strong confidence that the law and system of rite was caused to opposite opinion against civil society due...

      The Emperor Hongwu had been recognized that the cause of confusing in the late of Yuan dynasty was Yuan dynasty’ misleading, and he also had a strong confidence that the law and system of rite was caused to opposite opinion against civil society due to lacking of follow an old law.
      According to his these perspective, he had been reviewed and updated the law and system base upon a strong dictatorship in order to establish central control system. His effort on reestablishment of law system was not only settling the society domestically but also constructing an international tribute system centered around Ming.
      As the same result of other national structure, the law of system was a key means for the rulers to maintain the supreme imperial power and maintain social stability. Ming dynasty had been also revised a variety of their national dictator control system depend on build for the nation to center of china.
      First of all, he made a law strictly as well to escape from a scarce against social unstable on his citizen as to prevent his cabinet members’corruption. He had put on efforts to operate that the build law had helped contributing to control his citizen depend upon deliberated government documentation system. The first sequency was a building the law system then took focus on his citizen.
      He had been tried to set up his nation in conjunction with essence of human moral based upon traditional attitude. The order of rebuild law system was prioritize by emperor on noblesse and oblique. After accomplishment of his efforts he had applied his philosophy to international oder.
      As to considering an established international tribute system centered around Ming, he had been made a bill of each tribute system. Actually Ming that had strong military power and national capabilities had enforced to the other nation to follow the Ming’s tribute system It was reflected to other nation to keep the responsibility that Ming build the an international tribute system centered around one. It was a hierarchy in international order that accept the vertical oder between Ming and other nation compared to modern era. Once Ming have accept the tribute nation, it had differentiated with Emperor based upon specified tribute system. The influence of the system of rite in the early period of the Ming Dynasty on the system of rite in the middle and late period.
      In conclusion, the international order that had been builded by Ming was a stabilized relation that rooted on not only an international tribute system centered around Ming but also between each nation in conjunction with the principle of nonaggression.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 김경록, "麗末鮮初 洪武帝의 高麗․朝鮮 認識과 外交關係" 명청사학회 (35) : 1-33, 2011

      2 牛海楨, "論明王朝對蒙古族的政策" 18 (18): 2002

      3 陳時龍, "論明初大都督府之創設" (1) : 2003

      4 "조선태종실록"

      5 김경록, "조선초기 대명외교와 외교절차" 44 : 2000

      6 김경록, "조선시대 국제질서와 한중관계의 전개양상" 한국중국학회 (60) : 287-316, 2009

      7 "조선세종실록"

      8 김양섭, "원말명초 금화학파의 정통관념-명조의 건설 및 황제상의 정립과 관련하여" 20 :

      9 전순동, "명태조의 대고려․조선정책에 대한 몇 가지 문제 In 중국과 한국" 서해문집 2005

      10 "명태조실록"

      1 김경록, "麗末鮮初 洪武帝의 高麗․朝鮮 認識과 外交關係" 명청사학회 (35) : 1-33, 2011

      2 牛海楨, "論明王朝對蒙古族的政策" 18 (18): 2002

      3 陳時龍, "論明初大都督府之創設" (1) : 2003

      4 "조선태종실록"

      5 김경록, "조선초기 대명외교와 외교절차" 44 : 2000

      6 김경록, "조선시대 국제질서와 한중관계의 전개양상" 한국중국학회 (60) : 287-316, 2009

      7 "조선세종실록"

      8 김양섭, "원말명초 금화학파의 정통관념-명조의 건설 및 황제상의 정립과 관련하여" 20 :

      9 전순동, "명태조의 대고려․조선정책에 대한 몇 가지 문제 In 중국과 한국" 서해문집 2005

      10 "명태조실록"

      11 전순동, "명왕조성립사연구" 개신 2000

      12 김한식, "명대중국인의 대외인식" 경북대 1 : 1980

      13 "魯齋遺書"

      14 "高麗史"

      15 何芳川, "華夷秩序論" (6) : 1998

      16 陳尙勝, "胡安國的華夷觀與明朝對外政策 In 宋明思想與中華文明" 學林出版社 1995

      17 李風, "簡論朱元璋廉政方面的政制設計與明代政治興衰之關聯" (6) : 2001

      18 關克笑, "簡論明朝對女眞人的統治" (2) : 1999

      19 "禮部志稿"

      20 "皇明祖訓"

      21 "洪武禮制"

      22 許振興, "朱元璋的天命選授思想" 8 : 1986

      23 "春秋左傳"

      24 李雲泉, "明淸朝貢制度硏究" 曁南大學 2003

      25 楊紹猷, "明朝的民族政策 In 中國歷代民族政策硏究" 靑海人民出版社 1993

      26 全英珍, "明太祖의 政治思想과 君主專制의 性格" 5 : 1999

      27 "明太祖文集"

      28 "明史紀事本末"

      29 "明史"

      30 박원호, "明初朝鮮關係史硏究" 일조각 2002

      31 李慶龍, "明初 金華學派의 華夷論 形成과 邊境認識" 24 : 2005

      32 윤정분, "明初 經筵제도의 배경과 그 특징 ― 朱元璋의 經史 강론과 군주권 강화를 중심으로 ―" 명청사학회 (25) : 1-27, 2006

      33 김경록, "明代 公文制度와 行移體系" 명청사학회 26 (26): 123-168, 2006

      34 "宋濂全集"

      35 黃枝}蓮, "天朝禮治體系硏究 上卷" 中國人民大學出版社 1992

      36 "大明集禮"

      37 "大明會典"

      38 "國榷"

      39 "五禮通考"

      40 田繼周, "中國歷代民族政策硏究" 靑海人民出版社 1993

      41 徐杰舜, "中國民族政策史鑒" 廣西人民出版社 1992

      42 馬大正, "中國古代邊疆政策硏究" 中國社會科學出版社 1990

      43 전순동, "15세기 조선과 명의 문물교류 In 한국사의 국제환경과 민족문화" 경인문화사 2003

      44 전순동, "14세기 후반 명의 대고려․조선정책" 5 : 1996

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