The Asian waters has been an arena of active long-distance trade from ancient times, due to the regular monsoon regime. Pirates and smuggling were inevitable, but their scale was not large enough to threaten the entire maritime order. The domination or complete control of the vast ocean as a whole was out of the question, so the Indian Ocean was an ‘oecumenical’ place where people can communicate across political, cultural, and religious boundaries. It was the external elements that strengthened her violent aspects. Portugal and the other Western powers tried to seize economic interests and political dominance. The gradual establishment of sea hegemony resulted in the growth of ‘modern’ piracy and smuggling. In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, these changes came to the fore as pirates from Europe and North America flocked to the Indian Ocean. The age of global piracy has dawned. Asian local forces, meanwhile, have come to learn from Europe's armed forces and business practices. In this process, the goods circulated in the Asian world were exchanged with goods and precious metals of Europe-America. In this way, the European maritime forces made a great impact on the Asian order and linked it with global networks. Piracy and smuggling were an important channel for the Asian maritime world to connect with the global network and to advance globalization.

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