In the 15th century, Malacca was an international trading market where dealt a large amount of goods in wholesale. According to Chinese historical source, the name Gara(哥羅) or Karabusara(哥羅富沙羅) can be identified with Malacca. This area may have controlled the Strait of Malacca incompletely for the trade which had been linking Bengal region with the South China Sea direction. In particular, this place is identified as ‘Koli’, which is known as a tin producing area in Persian sources, but when the Srivijaya and Chola controlled in South East Asia in the 11~13centuries, this place was as a small city dependent on the Bengal economy. However, increasing trade demands, especially from the West Indian Ocean, and the emergence of Muslim traders in Southeast Asia, Malacca had set the staged at a new leap forward.
It is is significant that the Ming approved Malaca as a independent state by formal ritual and Malacca had access to the Malabar coast beyond the Bengal economy about 1403. With Zhenghe(鄭和)’s expedition toward the Indian Ocean, Malacca dominated the East China Sea and secured a trade network extending west to India. This means that Malacca had three seas as its ‘hinterland’, including Bengal's economy, and China. And It could also be said that Indian Ocean's commodity network was integrated into the Malacca It is clear that the reason why Malacca had competitiveness was that it secured key strategic products from both China and India. In the relationship between Ming and Malacca, ‘tribute system’ was not interpreted in terms of Confucian rites or values, but seems more obvious when approached from a commercial perspective. In the late 15th century, exchanges between China and Malacca seemed irregular, but at this time, Malacca, which had have its own naval power, absorved Chinese goods through Java and Ryukyu, where trades and contributing with China were active and through smuggled trade in coastal areas of China. It still maintained its status as a China's outport on the Indian Ocean trade.

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