해조류 동결건조 가공에 따른 제과제빵의 품질 특성

김미숙 위덕대학교 대학원 2025 국내박사

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of bread made with varying levels of seaweed powder. The bread was prepared using seaweed powder at 30% substitution by weight. Key parameters such as fermentation ability, moisture content, specific volume, baking loss rate, color, texture, and sensory attributes were analyzed. The results are summarized below. First, bread dough was prepared using barley powder and seaweed powder processed through rapid freezing and freeze-drying, with seaweed powder ratios adjusted to 10% (S10), 20% (S20), 30% (S30), and 40% (S40). Second, the volume and weight of bread were measured. The control group exhibited a volume of 2,623 mL, while bread samples with seaweed powder showed a decreasing trend: S10 at 2,503 mL, S20 at 2,498 mL, S30 at 2,357 mL, and S40 at 2,102 mL. Notably, the difference in volume between S30 and S40 was more pronounced compared to other changes. The baking loss rate was highest in the control group at 17.8%. Third, color analysis revealed significant differences across samples. The lightness (L*) value was highest in the control group (69.50) but increased slightly in S40 (70.57). The redness (a*) value was lowest in the control group (0.87) and decreased further in S40 (0.20). The yellowness (b*) value was highest in the control group (15.77) and significantly higher in S40 (25.63). Fourth, TPA confirmed significant differences in hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, chewiness, and gumminess depending on the seaweed powder ratio, while cohesiveness showed no significant differences. Fifth, sensory evaluation indicated that overall acceptability was highest in S30, scoring 4.2, followed by S20 (3.3), S10 (3.1), and S40 (3.0). The control group scored the lowest at 3.0. Sixth, during storage, significant changes (p<0.001) were observed in hardness, adhesiveness, and chewiness. Gumminess and chewiness decreased as the ratio of seaweed powder increased, with samples containing higher levels of seaweed powder exhibiting lower adhesiveness and gumminess. This study highlights the potential for utilizing locally sourced seaweed from Pohang, a region abundant in seaweed resources from the East Sea, in the development of bakery products. The findings suggest practical applications in baking education and production, promoting the registration of seaweed-based bakery products as representative goods of Pohang and contributing to regional sales growth.

해조류 추출조건 최적화 및 토마토 유묘에 대한 종자 프라이밍 효과 평가

비비 아이다 중앙대학교 대학원 2025 국내석사

해조류 다당류는 식물 생장, 스트레스 내성 및 전반적인 식물 건강을 개선하는 자연적 생물자극제로 작용할 수 있습니다. 이전 연구에서는 해조류 다당류가 농업에서의 적용 및 작물의 생장과 스트레스 내성 증진에 기여하는 역할을 강조했지만, 해조류 다당류를 종자 프라이밍제로 활용하는 가능성에 대한 연구는 미비했습니다. 따라서 본 연구는 갈조류Sargassum fusiforme에서 추출한 다당류 추출물(PPE)의 토마토 종자 발아 및 묘목 발달에 대한 잠재력을 탐구하기 위해 수행되었습니다. 먼저, 갈조류에서 다당류를 추출하기 위한 조건을 최적화했습니다. 이후, 토마토 종자는 갈조류 PPE 추출물의 다양한 농도(0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 및 2.4 mg/ml)로 처리되었으며, 무처리 종자 및 수침처리(hydropriming)와 비교되었습니다. 프라이밍된 종자는 발아율, 발아 속도 및 평균 발아 시간과 같은 발아 매개변수를 평가했으며, 발아 후 14일 및 21일에 생체 중량, 뿌리 길이, 그리고 줄기 길이와 같은 생장 매개변수를 측정했습니다. 결과적으로, 갈조류 PPE 추출물로 프라이밍한 토마토 종자는 농도에 따라 발아율과 묘목 생장이 유의미하게 변화했습니다. 0.6 mg/ml 농도에서 PPE는 거의 100%에 가까운 최고 발아율을 기록했으며, 발아 속도를 크게 향상시키고 평균 발아 시간을 감소시켰습니다. 낮은 농도의 PPE(0.15, 0.3 및 0.6 mg/ml)는 일반적으로 더 나은 생장 반응을 유도했으며, 특히 0.15 mg/ml에서 14일과 21일 모두에서 가장 높은 생체 중량이 측정되었습니다. 반면, 높은 농도(1.2 및 2.4 mg/ml)는 효과가 감소했으며, 후반 단계에서는 생장 매개변수에 약간의 억제 효과가 관찰되었습니다. 이러한 연구 결과는 Sargassum fusiforme에서 추출한 갈조류 PPE가 토마토 종자의 성능 및 초기 묘목 생장을 효과적으로 향상시키며, 중간 농도에서 최적의 효과를 나타낸다는 것을 의미합니다. 이는 농업에서 지속 가능하고 실용적인 생물자극제로서의 가능성을 뒷받침합니다. Seaweed polysaccharides can function as natural biostimulants that improve plant growth, stress tolerance, and overall plant health. Although previous research has highlighted the applications of seaweed polysaccharides in agriculture and their role in promoting growth and stress resilience in crops, the potential of seaweed polysaccharides as seed priming agents has been minimally researched. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the potential of polysaccharide extract (PPE) from the brown alga Sargassum fusiforme, on tomato seed germination and seedling development. Initially, we optimized the extraction conditions for extracting polysaccharides from brown seaweed. Subsequently, the tomato seeds were primed with different concentrations of brown PPE extract (0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 mg/ml) and compared to unprimed seeds and those treated with hydropriming. Primed seeds were evaluated for germination parameters such as germination percentage, germination speed, and mean germination time. Growth parameters such as fresh weight, and root and shoot lengths, were measured at two stages (days 14 and 21) after sowing. The results revealed that priming tomato seeds with brown PPE extract significantly increased seed germination and seedling growth in a concentration-dependent manner. At 0.6 mg/ml, PPE produced the highest germination rate, with a final rate of nearly 100%, and significantly improved germination speed, and reduced mean germination time compared to controls. Lower PPE concentrations generally promoted better growth responses, with 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/ml increased fresh weight and root length of seedlings and the 0.15 mg/ml achieved the highest fresh weight at both 14 and 21 days. In contrast, higher concentrations (1.2 and 2.4 mg/ml) showed reduced effectiveness, and slight inhibitory effects were observed on growth parameters at later stages. These findings indicate that brown PPE from Sargassum fusiforme effectively enhances tomato seed performance and early seedling growth, with optimal effects at moderate concentrations, supporting its potential as a sustainable and viable biostimulant in agriculture.

Quantifying organic carbon storage and sequestration potential in seaweed aquaculture and seaweed forests in South Korea

최하민 인천대학교 대학원 2025 국내석사

This study assessed the carbon storage potential of seaweed farms and natural beds in South Korea. While seaweeds are known as carbon sequestration sources, real-world data on their carbon storage capacity remains scarce. The aim of this study was to quantify carbon sequestration in sediments of seaweed farms and natural seaweed forests, evaluate carbon storage within the organisms, and ultimately assess the overall carbon sequestration capacity of seaweeds. We conducted seasonal surveys at four sites: three in Jindo (Ecklonia farm, Sargassum farm, non-cultivated control) on the southwest coast, and a seaweed forest in Pohang on the east coast. Sediment cores (0–25 cm) were analyzed for TOC. We also sampled major brown seaweed species, measuring carbon and nitrogen in their blade, stipe, and holdfast parts. Pohang's seaweed forest had the highest sediment TOC (1206.39 ± 75.50 g/m2). In Jindo, the Ecklonia farm had 1057.54 ± 87.66 g/m2, the Sargassum farm 913.58 ± 45.60 g/m2, and the control site 880.96 ± 157.87 g/m2. This translates to a CO2 storage potential of 32.33 to 44.27 t CO2/ha across sites. TOC levels stayed stable with depth in Jindo's fine-grained sediments, showing good carbon retention. In contrast, Pohang's sandy sediments had high surface TOC but showed a sharp drop with depth, meaning less long-term storage. Seaweed tissue analysis showed that stipes generally had higher C:N ratios than blades and holdfasts, especially for Sargassum (36.40 ± 1.32 in August). This suggests these parts are more resistant to decomposition. Carbon content in individual seaweeds also changed with season and region. For example, Jindo's Ecklonia had more carbon in October (34.71 ± 0.58%) than in April (26.66 ± 0.62%). Pohang sites showed the highest values (Ecklonia: 38.89 ± 0.59%). Overall, our study provides clear, measured data on organic carbon distribution in different seaweed environments. Our findings highlight that sediment type strongly affects long-term carbon storage, and seaweed's composition influences its resistance to degradation. These results demonstrate that ongoing seaweed farming and natural beds serve as important carbon sinks. Our work underscores the need for consistent field studies to support the future integration of seaweed ecosystems into climate policy frameworks.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Biomass-Derived Carbons from Rice Husk and Seaweed for Energy Storage Applications

VENKATACHALAM PRIYADARSHINI 전남대학교 2026 국내박사

The growing global demand for sustainable and high-performance energy storage systems has accelerated research into eco-friendly electrode materials. Traditional synthetic carbons, though widely used, often face limitations related to cost, complex synthesis, and environmental impact. Biomass-derived carbons have emerged as a promising alternative due to their abundance, renewability, low cost, and tunable structural and chemical properties. Agricultural residues and marine biomass, such as rice husk and seaweed, offer unique hierarchical structures and inherent heteroatoms, making them particularly suitable for a range of electrochemical energy storage applications. This thesis focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and application of biomass-derived carbons for advanced energy storage devices. Porous carbons were derived from rice husk and seaweed using tailored carbonization and activation methods, resulting in materials with high surface area, hierarchical porosity, and heteroatom doping. These features enhance charge storage, ion transport, and electronic conductivity, which are critical for improving device performance and longevity. The structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the synthesized carbons were systematically investigated. The study highlights the relationship between precursor type, synthesis conditions, and functional performance in energy storage systems. The results demonstrate that biomass-derived carbons can significantly enhance electrochemical behavior, providing high capacity, excellent rate capability, and long-term cycling stability. Overall, this work establishes biomass- derived carbons as versatile and sustainable electrode materials, offering a pathway toward eco-friendly, high-performance energy storage solutions. The findings contribute to the rational design of electrode materials from renewable resources, bridging the gap between sustainable material development and practical energy storage applications. In Chapter 1, the background and motivation for this study are presented, emphasizing the increasing demand for sustainable, high-performance energy storage systems and the limitations of conventional synthetic carbons in terms of cost, availability, and environmental impact. Biomass-derived carbons are introduced as a renewable and cost-effective alternative, offering tunable porosity, hierarchical structures, and intrinsic heteroatom functionalities. Lead–carbon batteries and zinc-ion capacitors are discussed as model devices to illustrate the potential of tailored biomass- derived carbons in enhancing electrochemical performance. The chapter also outlines the research objectives, including the development of scalable synthesis methods, optimization of carbon structure and composition, and evaluation of their influence on device performance, providing a comprehensive framework for the thesis. Chapter 2 reviews the existing literature on biomass-derived carbons and their applications in energy storage devices. Emphasis is placed on rice husk- and seaweed- based carbons, highlighting their natural abundance, hierarchical porosity, high surface area, and heteroatom content, which play a critical role in charge storage and ion transport. Recent advances in electrode design for lead–carbon batteries and zinc- ion capacitors are examined, focusing on strategies to suppress sulfation, enhance rate capability, and improve cycling stability. Research gaps are identified, particularly the need for environmentally friendly, scalable, and cost-effective approaches to produce high-performance biomass-derived carbons. In Chapter 3, the synthesis and characterization of rice husk-derived porous carbon nanosheets are described. The chapter discusses structural tuning through carbonization and activation to achieve high surface area, optimized pore distribution, and improved electronic conductivity. These carbons are applied as coating layers on negative electrodes of lead–carbon batteries, demonstrating significant improvements in charge acceptance, suppression of lead sulfate formation, and long-term cycling stability. Material characterization using SEM, TEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and BET analysis is presented to correlate structural features with electrochemical performance, highlighting the potential of rice husk carbons as sustainable, high- performance electrode materials. Chapter 4 continues with the detailed study of rice husk-derived carbon batteries, analyzing the mechanisms behind sulfation suppression, enhanced electron transport, and improved cycle life. Comparative discussions with conventional carbon materials illustrate the advantages of biomass-derived carbons in practical battery applications. Chapter 5 focuses on seaweed-derived heteroatom-doped carbons as cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion capacitors. Seaweed was selected as a sustainable precursor with intrinsic heteroatoms and a naturally porous structure. Through controlled carbonization and activation, hierarchical porous carbons with enhanced surface area and redox-active sites were produced. Heteroatom functionalities (N, O, P) contribute to efficient Zn²⁺ ion adsorption, pseudocapacitive charge storage, and improved ion transport. Electrochemical testing demonstrates high specific capacitance, excellent rate performance, and long-term cycling stability, highlighting the effectiveness of seaweed-derived carbons for high-performance ZICs. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the key findings of the thesis, emphasizing the structure–property–performance relationships of rice husk and seaweed-derived carbons. The chapter outlines the contributions of this work to sustainable energy storage materials and proposes future research directions for scaling up biomass- derived carbons, exploring new biomass sources, and further enhancing electrochemical performance for next-generation energy storage devices.

Profile changes of the volatile and non-volatile metabolites in edible seaweeds by photooxidation

Hwang, Sunhye Sungkyunkwan University 2025 국내박사

Seaweed is a very attractive resource from an environmental, nutritional, and economic perspective, and has the potential to be a sustainable source of food. In Korea, porphyra seaweed is dried into gim, which can be classified as laver or green laver depending on the type. Green algae are also dried into sea trumpet. These seaweeds are vulnerable to light rancidity due to the high amount of chlorophyll, a photosensitizer. In this study, laver, green laver, and sea trumpet were treated with dry, baked, and baked with perilla oil, and each sample was stored in a dark condition and under fluorescent conditions for 60 days to observe changes in volatile and non-volatile substances. Chlorophyll, a photosensitizer, was measured in the laver, green laver, and sea trumpet, and was 24.72, 4.99, and 10.86 ㎍/mL, respectively. Chlorophyll in perilla oil and the stripped perilla oil used as a control for perilla oil were 1.31 and 1.09 ㎍/mL. Carotenoids, an antioxidant, were measured at 7.18, 1.04, and 3.75 μg/mL for the laver, green laver, and sea trumpet, respectively, while the perilla oil had 0.93 μg/mL and the stripped perilla oil had no detectable carotenoids. Tocopherols, another antioxidant, were 13.67 mg/100 g for the perilla oil and 5.63 mg/100 g for the stripped perilla oil. Over the course of 60 days, all three seaweed produced more volatiles in light storage conditions (>1000 lux) than in darkness. The light-induced oxidation process was determined by observing aldehyde among the volatiles. In particular, hexanal, nonanal, and benzaldehyde showed a noticeable increase during the oxidation process. The increase of hexanal was correlated with the decrease of linoleic acid in the non-volatile analysis results. Green laver showed stronger results in photooxidation. It contained a high amount of phenolic antioxidants and the least amount of chlorophyll, a photosensitizer, compared to the other seaweed. It also did not contain linoleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid that produces hexanal. On the other hand, sea trumpet had the fewest phenolic antioxidants and a high number and amount of volatiles were detected, indicating that it is vulnerable to light. Despite the high amount of antioxidants added to perilla oil, the photooxidation process was more advanced in the seaweed seasoned with perilla oil than in the dried seaweed. To avoid deterioration of seaweed quality due to photooxidation, it should be stored in a darkroom, and seaweed that is resistant to photooxidation, such as green laver, can be used in various ways.

Valuation Method for Assessing the Benefits and Services Derived from Seaweed Aquaculture Bed(SAB) Ecosystems in Korea

Calvyn Fredrik Aldus Sondak 부산대학교 2015 국내박사

해조재배장 생태계(SAB)의 순기능과 서비스에 대한 가치평가 연구 칼빈 프레드릭 알두스 손닥 부산대학교 대학원 지구환경시스템학부 해양학전공 요 약 해조재배장(SABs)은 자연해중림과 같은 서비스를 제공하는 인공 서식지이다. 본 연구는 한국에서 재배하는 김(Pyropia spp.), 미역(Undaria pinnatifida), 다시마(Saccharina japonica) SABs에서 발생한 생태계 서비스의 가치를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이러한 가치의 판단은 생태계서비스에서 제공된 3가지 유형의 서비스(식량 생산, CO₂ 제거, 영양염 제거)를 경제가치로 환산하였다. 김, 미역, 다시마의 연평균 총 생산량은 각각 24,545 t dw, 34,306 t dw, 24,354 t dw이었다. 각 SABs에서 제거된 영양염은 2005-2012년 기간에 연평균 1,521.79 t N, 142.36 t P (김); 957.15 t N, 68.61 t P (미역); 316.60 t N, 48.71 t P (다시마)이었다. 잠재적인 CO₂ 감축량은 27,024.05 t (김), 30,395.97 t (미역), 26,813.80 t(다시마)으로 추정되었다. 김, 미역, 다시마 SABs의 총 경제적 가치는 2005-2012년 기간에 연평균 2억1천6백만 달러 US$ 216.39 million (3.143.46 ha-1)에 달하였다. SABs의 생태계 서비스 지속성에 대한 지불용의(WTP) 설문지를 처음으로 개발하여 해조재배장에 대한 생태계 서비스에 대한 지불방안으로 적용 가능한 시험 방안을 제시하였다.

Enhancing growth of sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus by feeding fermented seaweed

Badria Khamis Ali AL-HARRASY 부경대학교 글로벌수산대학원 2016 국내석사

Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida are widely used as feed in the small-scale culturing of Apostichopus japonicus (sea cucumbers) because of their abundance and low price. However, the difficulty associated with the degradation of algin by Apostichopus japonicus and, hence, their utilization have limited practical value as feed in sea cucumber farming. In this study Apostichopus japonicus individuals were fed with Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida feed pretreated via fermentation with the algin-degrading bacterial strain GR2, 52 and 53. Their growth performance was then determined during 21 days period. Generally the sea cucumbers fed fermented seaweed showed better growth performance in terms of Weight Gain (WG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Ingestion Rate (IR) compared to the one fed fresh seaweed. The results demonstrate that fermented seaweed in which the algin content had been degraded by bacteria could improve the growth performance of Apostichopus japonicus and hence be used as source of food in sea cucumber farming.

Effect of Seaweed Based Trace Metal Block Supplementation on Methane Emission in Ruminants

와시 울라 경상국립대학교 대학원 2026 국내석사

Synthesis and Characterization of the Eco-friendly Architecture for Electrode Materials in Lithium and Sodium-ion Batteries

박재우 경희대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

Nowadays, lots of energy issues occur including environmental pollution, stable energy utilization, and so on. In the past, reliance on fossil fuels to generate energy is gradually changing to using renewable energy. Moreover, the power system with renewable sources has been increasing worldwide, the needs to store energy are also increased to improve the reliability and performance of these systems. Hybrid vehicles (HEVs), plug in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs), electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESS) are the best candidates for handling the issues of the reduction of carbon and greenhouse gas emissions. The basic principles of lithium and sodium ion batteries are explained in Chapter Ⅰ. In Chapter Ⅱ, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently attracting tremendous attention in the world of battery applications owing to their high energy density. Nevertheless, the main challenges to their use are the cost and environmental issues associated with the materials for LIBs. Tragacanth (TGC) gum is a plant-based natural polymer commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Herein, we report the replacement of a conventional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) binder and toxic N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent with TGC and distilled water for the environmentally friendly and economical fabrication of spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO), layered LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), and olivine LiFePO4 (LFP) electrodes. Compared to the electrodes made with PVdF as a binder, the electrodes with TGC deliver enhanced electrochemical performance. These results indicate that the TGC binder can be competitive with the PVDF binder for fabricating economical and eco-friendly LIBs. In Chapter Ⅲ, sustainable transformation and efficient utilization of biomasses and their derived materials are environmentally as well as economically compliant strategies. Biomass seaweed-derived nitrogen self-doped porous carbon with tailored surface area and pore structures are prepared through carbonization and activation. The influence of carbonization temperature on morphology, surface area, and heteroatom dopants are investigated to optimize sodium-ion storage capability. Seaweed-derived nitrogen self-doped activated carbon (SAC) as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries exhibits remarkable reversible capacity of 303/192 mAh g‒1 after 100/500 cycles at current densities of 100/200 mA g‒1, respectively, and a good rate capability. The interconnected and porous conducting nature along with the heteroatom dopant role in creating defective sites and charge stabilization are favorable for ion storage and diffusion and electron transport, indicating the electrodes can offer improved electrochemical performances. In addition, post-mortem analysis of the cycled carbon electrodes through ex-situ tools demonstrates the sodium-ion storage mechanism.

Measuring Global Benefits of Seaweed Farming for Blue Carbon Sequestration : A Scenario-based Regional Analysis

양주영 서울대학교 대학원 2025 국내석사

This study evaluates the potential of global seaweed farming for blue carbon sequestration using the Scenario Analysis (SA) framework. By integrating biological and economic perspectives, this research provides policy implications for agriculture and environmental policies and analyzes the economic significance of seaweed farming as a climate change mitigation solution. Three seaweed production annual growth scenarios (6.2%, 12%, 20%) from 2000 to 2100 across four continents (Asia, Africa, Europe, Americas) are analyzed, incorporating production, post-harvest processing, and emerging markets. The findings indicate a positive trend in carbon benefits. Under the ideal 20% growth scenario, global seaweed production is projected to drive carbon sequestration growth to 652.47 billion tons by 2100, with Asia leading at 623.52 billion tons, followed by Africa at 21.55 billion tons, the Americas at 7.14 billion tons, and Europe at 266.57 million tons. Asia emerges as the leader, with projected benefits of approximately 65–78 billion USD by 2100, driven by high Net Primary Productivity (NPP), significant and seaweed production volumes. Africa follows with benefits of 5.1–10 billion USD, showing strong growth until 2040 before plateauing. Under the 20% scenario, although Europe exhibits delayed scaling, it is expected to achieve approximately 8.9 billion USD in benefits, while the Americas will reach approximately 8.4 billion USD. This study highlights the potential for blue carbon credits through sustainable seaweed farming practices. With increased international support and investment, the global seaweed market could expand to 106 billion USD by 2100, unlocking its vital role in the blue carbon economy. 본 연구는 시나리오 분석(Scenario Analysis, SA) 프레임워크를 활용하여 탄소 흡수를 위한 글로벌 해조류 양식의 블루카본 (Blue Carbon)의 잠재성을 평가하였다. 농업 및 환경 정책에 기초 시사점을 제공하는 본 연구는, 생물학적 및 경제적 관점을 통합하여 기후 변화의 해결책이 될 수 있는 해조류 양식의 탄소 흡수에 대한 경제적 함의를 분석한다. 2000년부터 2100년까지 네 개 대륙 (아시아, 아프리카, 유럽, 미주 지역)을 대상으로 한 세 가지 생산 성장 시나리오(6.2%, 12%, 20%)를 분석하였으며, 생산량, 수확 후 가공, 신흥 시장 등을 고려하였다. 분석 결과, 탄소 흡수 편익은 성장 시나리오와 양의 관계를 보였다. 최대 성장을 가정하는 20% 시나리오에서는 2100년까지 전 세계 해조류 생산량이 652.47억 톤의 탄소 흡수를 이끌 것으로 예상되었다. 아시아는 623.52억 톤으로 가장 크게 기여하고, 아프리카가 21.55억 톤, 아메리카가 7.14억 톤, 유럽이 2.67억 톤 순으로 나타났다. 아시아 해조류 종의 높은 순 생산력(Net Primary Productivity, NPP) 및 대규모 해조류 생산량으로 인해 2100년까지 약 650억에서 780억 USD의 편익을 가져올 것으로 예상되었다. 그 뒤를 이어 2040년까지 높은 성장세를 보이다가 정체될 것으로 보이는 아프리카는 51억~100억 달러의 편익을 창출할 것으로 기대되었다. 20% 시나리오에서 비록 유럽의 양식 확장이 지연될 것으로 예상되나, 약 89억 달러의 이익을 달성할 것으로 예상되며, 미주 지역의 편익은 약 84억 달러에 달할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 지속 가능한 해조 양식을 통해 블루카본 크레딧(Blue Carbon Credit)의 성장 가능성을 시사한다. 국제적인 지원과 투자가 확대된다면, 글로벌 해조류 시장은 2100년까지 1,060억 달러 규모로 성장하여 블루카본 경제에서 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.