Sleep Duration and Cancer Risk: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

Zhao, Hao,Yin, Jie-Yun,Yang, Wan-Shui,Qin, Qin,Li, Ting-Ting,Shi, Yun,Deng, Qin,Wei, Sheng,Liu, Li,Wang, Xin,Nie, Shao-Fa Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

To assess the risk of cancers associated with sleep duration using meta-analysis of published cohort studies, we performed a comprehensive search using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science through October 2013. We combined hazard ratios (HRs) from individual studies using meta-analysis approaches. A random effect dose-response analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and cancer risk. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Publication bias was evaluated using Funnel plots and Begg's test. A total of 13 cohorts from 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis, which included 723, 337 participants with 15, 156 reported cancer outcomes during a follow-up period ranging from 7.5 to 22 years. The pooled adjusted HRs were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.23; P for heterogeneity =0.003) for short sleep duration, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.07; P for heterogeneity <0.0001) for long sleep duration. In subgroup analyses stratified by cancer type, long duration of sleep showed an inverse relation with hormone-related cancer (HR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.97; P for heterogeneity =0.009) and a greater risk of colorectal cancer (HR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.52; P for heterogeneity =0.346). Further meta-analysis on dose-response relationships showed that the relative risks of cancer were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.01; P for linear trend=0.9151) for one hour of sleep increment per day, and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.01; P for linear trend=0.7749) for one hour of sleep increment per night. No significant dose-response relationship between sleep duration and cancer was found on non-linearity testing (P=0.5053). Our meta-analysis suggests a positive association between long sleep duration and colorectal cancer, and an inverse association with incidence of hormone related cancers like those in the breast. Studies with larger sample size, longer follow-up times, more cancer types and detailed measure of sleep duration are warranted to confirm these results.

아인슈타인의 사유의 토대로서의 지속- 베르그손H. Bergson의 『지속과 동시성』의 논의를 중심으로 -

이선희 서강대학교 철학연구소 2024 철학논집 Vol.76 No.-

『지속과 동시성』의 논의는 기존의 연구 방향과 달리 오직 철학적 주제로서 연구될 필요가 있다. 이 저서의 주요 논의들에서 등장하는 개념들 ‘지속’, ‘동시성’, ‘연속’, ‘직관’ 등은 아인슈타인의 ‘상대성 이론’의 작업을 가능하게 하는 토대적 시간으로서 지속을 복귀시키기 때문이다. 베르그손은 아인슈타인의 ‘상대성 이론’의 ‘동시성’의 개념을 분석하면서, 과학적 동시성의 개념이 자연적 경험의 동시성에 근거하고 있고, 자연적 동시성은 다시 지속의 내재성에서 확인하는 ‘직관적 동시성’에 근거하고 있음을 드러낸다. 이 직관적 동시성이 우리가 동시성에 대해 갖는 최초의 관념이다. 이것은 연속이라는 지속의 본질적인 특성을 간파하고, ‘상호 외재적’ 연속에 우선하는 ‘상호 내재적’인 연속을 가려내는 직관의 활동을 전제한다. 결국 상대적 이론이 제시하는 과학적 실재는 이런 한에서 지성과 직관이 서로 구분되면서도 상호 소통하는 과정을 통해 수립된 객관적 실재로서의 진리를 인정받는다. 그리고 그것의 바탕에서 발견되는 연속은 지속의 핵심을 이루는 특징으로서 베르그손의 지속의 의미를 완전하게 해준다. The discussion of Durée et Simultanéité needs to be further explored as a philosophical topic, contrary to the conventional research direction. The concepts such as ‘duration’, ‘simultaneity’, ‘succession’, ‘intuition’, appearing in the key discussions of this work, reintroduce duration as a foundational time enabling Einstein's 'Theory of Relativity'. Bergson, in analyzing the concept of ‘simultaneity’ in Einstein's ‘Theory of Relativity’, reveals that the notion of scientific simultaneity is grounded in the simultaneity of natural experience, and this natural simultaneity is, in turn, based on the inherent duration confirmed by ‘intuitive simultaneity’. This intuitive simultaneity is our primal conception of simultaneity. It presupposes the intuitive activity that penetrates the essential nature of duration, discerning the inherent continuity of ‘mutual intrinsic’ over the ‘mutual extrinsic’ continuity. In the end, the scientific reality proposed by the theory of relativity is acknowledged as an objective reality established through the process of intellectual and intuitive, distinct yet mutually communicative. Furthermore, the continuity revealed at its core serves to fully elucidate Bergson's understanding of duration as a defining characteristic of duration.

패밀리 레스토랑의 소비자가 지각하는 관계혜택과 관계의 질 - 고객관계 성향을 중심으로 -

김현정 한국관광학회 2012 관광학연구 Vol.36 No.8

The purposes of the study were (1) to identify if relational benefits had positive influences on relationship quality (satisfaction and commitment), (2) to examine if there were significant differences of relational benefits and relationship quality in terms of relationship frequency and relationship duration, and (3) to investigate interaction effects of relationship frequency on the relationships between relationship duration and relational benefits/relationship quality. The results showed that satisfaction was positively influenced by relational benefits, while commitment was affected by all types of relational benefits. In addition, there were significant differences of relational benefits and relationship qualities in terms of relationship frequency. However, there were no significant differences of relationship benefits and relationship qualities in terms of relationship duration. Additionally, there were no interaction effects of relationship frequency and relationship duration to evaluate relationship qualities. Managerial implications were discussed. 본 연구는 고객관계 성향(관계빈도와 관계기간)에 따른 관계혜택과 관계의 질(고객만족과 몰입)에 차이가 있는지 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구결과 고객만족은 사회적 혜택을 제외한 모든 관계혜택에 긍정적인 영향을 받으며, 고객몰입은 모든 종류의 관계혜택으로부터 긍정적인 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 관계혜택과 관계의 질은 관계빈도의 정도에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타난 반면, 관계기간의 정도에 따른 차이는 없는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 아울러 관계빈도와 관계기간의 상호작용이 관계의 질에 미치는 영향이 없는 것으로 나타나 관계의 질을 이해하는 데 관계빈도가 주요 변수임을 밝혔다.

PE 계열 절연재 전기적 특성 평가

정종욱,정진수,한운기,Jung, Jong-Wook,Jung, Jin-Soo,Han, Woon-Ki 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.5

This paper describes the results of electrical characteristics assessment for organic insulations of polyethylene(PE) series insulations and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer(ABS). In the experiment, 4 kinds of specimens by composition density were tested in relative permittivity, specific resistance and tracking duration. A WinDETA system and a tracking test set manufactured for this assessment were used to measure the dielectric parameters and tracking duration, respectively. In measuring the tracking duration, the time from testing voltage application to testing circuit breaking due to the tracking current was measured. As a result, dielectric dispersion was observed in measuring the relative permittivity of ABS. It was confirmed that the relative permittivity decreased with the density of the PE series insulations and it depends rather on the temperature than frequency. In most specimens, specific resistance exponentially decreased with frequency and the result for each specimen was almost similar. By the way, in the tracking test, all the PE series insulations showed more excellent performance than ABS and especially in the case of HDPE, its tracking withstand performance was the best.

가맹본부와 가맹점주의 관계적 계약이 가맹본부에 대한 신뢰와재계약의도에 미치는 영향 -계약기간의 조절효과-

김창일,김영중 한국외식산업학회 2022 한국외식산업학회지 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of franchisor’s relational contract on trust and recontract intention. Based on total 279 samples obtained from empirical research, this study reviewed the reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of 5 hypotheses using the AMOS program. The hypothesized relationships in the model test simultaneously by using a structural equation model(SEM). The model’s fit, as indicated by these indexes, was deemed satisfactory, thus providing a good basis for testing the hypothesized paths. The SEM showed the that the flexibility, information exchange, joint problem solving had a positive significant influence on turnover intention. Also, trust had a positive significant influence on recontract intention. The moderating effects on contract duration do. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

트레이닝 기간에 따른 신체구성 및 건강체력의 차이검증

정동우,박수연 한국스포츠학회 2020 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 트레이닝 기간에 따른 신체구성 및 건강체력 요소의 변화에 대해 알아보고자 퍼스널 트레이닝 경험이 없는 30∼40대 일반인 남ㆍ여 21명을 대상으로 주 2회, 12주 동안 퍼스널 트레이닝을 실시하였으며 총 4회(트레이닝 전, 4주차, 8주차, 12주차)에 걸쳐 신체구성(체중, 골격근량, 체지방량, 체지방률, BMI)과 건강체력(근력, 근지구력, 유 연성, 심폐지구력)을 측정하였다. 기간이 경과함에 따라 각각의 신체구성 및 건강 체력 요소별 변화양상을 파악하기 위해 일원변량분석(one-way 4(RM) ANOVA)을 실시하였고 사후검증을 위하여 Bonferroni를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과 를 얻었다. 신체구성 성분 중 체중, 체지방량, 체지방률 그리고 BMI는 4주 간격으로 12주 동안 유의하게 감소하였고 골격 근량은 0주차와 4주차에 비슷하게 유지되다가 8주차 이후부터 유의하게 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 건강체력 요소 중 근력(배근력)은 12주차부터 유의하게 증가하였고 근지구력(윗몸일으키기)은 4주차와 8주차에 유의하게 증가하였다. 유연성(앉아 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기)은 4주차에 유의하게 증가한 후 8주차와 12주차에는 항정상태를 보였고 심폐지구력 (하버드 스텝 테스트)은 8주차부터 유의하게 증가하였다. 따라서 12주간의 트레이닝은 체지방 감소에 효과적임을 확인 할 수 있었으나, 골격근량을 증가시키기에는 충분하지 않았으며 건강체력 중 근지구력과 유연성이 근력과 심폐지구력보 다 먼저 유의하게 향상되어 골격근량과 근력을 증가시키기 위해서는 좀 더 오랜 시간이 필요함을 발견하였다. In this study, 21 male and female in 30s and 40s who had no experience in personal training before were participated and performed twice a week for 12 weeks to analyze changes of body composition and health-related physical fitness factors over the training period. Body composition (weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat, BMI) and health-related physical fitness factors (muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiopulmonary endurance)were measured over a total of four (week before training, week 4, week 8, week 12). Over time, one-way 4(RM) ANOVA was performed to identify changes in each body composition and health-related fitness factors, and Bonferroni was conducted for post-verification to achieve the following conclusions. Weight, fat mass, %body fat, and BMI showed significant reductions for 12 weeks at intervals of four weeks. The skeletal muscle mass was maintained similar from 0 to 4th week and significantly reduced after 8th week. Muscular strength increased significantly from 12th week. Muscular endurance increased significantly from the 4th and 8th week. Flexibility increased significantly from the 4th week and showed steady state from the 8th to 12th week. Cardiopulmonary endurance increased significantly from 8th week. Therefore, 12 weeks of training duration was effective to reduce body weight, fat mass, % body fat, BMI, muscular endurance and flexibility but to increase muscle mass, muscular strength, and cardiopulmonary endurance requires longer duration.

직무요구와 직무관련 정서적 안녕간의 관계에 있어 수면의 매개효과

하성욱(Ha Seongwook),양욱(Yang Xu) 한국인사관리학회 2017 한국인사관리학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.1

본 연구는 직무요구가 수면을 통해 직무관련 정서적 안녕에 영향을 미치는 매개효과를 실증하기 위해 중국 은행산업의 사무ㆍ관리직 직장인 299명을 대상으로 실증조사를 하였다. 직무요구는 방해적 직무요소인 양적 역할과부하와 도전적 직무요소인 감정노동으로 구분하였다. 수면은 양적 측면의 수면시간과 수면질로 구분하였다. 실증분석 결과, 양적 역할과부하는 수면시간에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였고, 그로 인해 양적 역할과부하 - 수면시간 - 수면질-직무관련 정서적 안녕으로 연결되는 이중매개효과가 유의하지 않았다. 양적 역할과부하 - 수면질 - 직무관련 정서적 안녕으로 이어지는 매개효과는 유의한 부(-)의 효과가 나타났다. 양적 역할과부하에서 직무관련 정서적 안녕으로 연결되는 직접효과가 유의하지 않아 완전매개효과를 보여준다. 감정노동은 감정노동 - 수면시간 - 수면질 - 직무관련 정서적 안녕으로 연결되는 이중매개효과에서 유의한 부(-)의 효과가 나타났고, 감정노동 - 수면질 - 직무관련 정서적 안녕으로 이어지는 매개효과도 유의한 부(-)의 효과가 나타났다. 감정노동에서 직무관련 정서적 안녕으로 연결되는 직접효과가 유의하여서 부분매개효과를 보여준다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 이론적 및 실무적 시사점을 제시하고, 본 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다. This study empirically examined the relationships between job demands and job-related affective well-being, and the mediating effects of sleep duration and sleep quality to these relationships with the sample of 299 employees in Chinese banking industry. Job demands include quantitative role overload and emotional labor. The results of this study are as followings; 1) quantitative role overload doesn’t have a significant relationship with sleep duration. 2) sleep quality has a mediation effect in the relationship between quantitative role overload and job-related affective well-being. 3) emotional labor has a double mediation relationship with job-related affective well-being through sleep duration and sleep quality. 4) sleep quality has a mediation effect in the relationship between emotional labor and job-related affective well-being. Based on the results, the theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and the limitations and recommendations for future research are provided.

Durational aspects of Korean nasal geminates

Eunhae Oh 한국음성학회 2017 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.9 No.4

The current study focused on the production of geminate nasal consonants across different word boundary types in Korean as a function of speech style to investigate whether temporal properties are preserved across varying speaking rates. Assimilated geminates in Korean, known as true geminates, are produced with distinctively longer consonant duration compared to singletons. Despite a large body of literature for geminates across different languages, geminates in Korean have been relatively less investigated with respect to the durational patterns in relative terms and temporal variabilities. In this study, singletons, word-internal geminates and word-boundary (fake) geminates produced by ten native Seoul Korean speakers were compared in terms of absolute consonant closure duration, preceding vowel duration, the relative ratios (consonant-to-preceding vowel duration) as well as the temporal variabilities in speech production. The results showed that word-internal geminates were produced with longer consonant duration and greater temporal variabilities than singletons and word-boundary geminates in absolute duration, indicating relatively greater flexibility in timing. However, only word-internal geminates were produced with distinctively longer consonant duration with significantly lower variability in relative duration regardless of speech styles. The results provide some insight into the representation of temporal information in the production of Korean geminate consonants.

Children’s Acquisition of Segmental Duration in Different Consonantal Contexts

Oh Eunhae 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2015 영미연구 Vol.34 No.-

The current study examined English-speaking children’s acquisition of segmental duration as a function of voicing contrast in the coda position. The purpose of the study was designed to investigate the difference in children’s and adult’s production of vowel and consonantal duration to better understand children’s development of temporal patterns. The effects of coda voicing and the number of syllables on absolute and relative vowel and consonant durations were explored. Children produced significantly longer segmental durations in absolute terms. However, the relative timing patterns of vowels before voiced and voiceless stops did not differ between the adult and child groups. The consonant closure duration appeared to take longer for children to acquire the adult-like performance in voicing contrast. Together with adult-like temporal patterns found in children’s vowel productions and a less refined level of motor control shown in children’s consonant duration suggest children’s phonological knowledge on the relative timing of sequential segments despite some evidence of oral-motor constraints.

성인의 스마트폰 사용 관련 일상생활 지장과 우울감의 관련성: 수면시간의 매개효과

이선주,손창우 알코올과 건강행동학회 2026 알코올과 건강행동연구 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives: This study examined the association between smartphone use-related daily life interference and depressive mood among Korean adults, and investigated the mediating role of sleep duration in this relationship. Methods: Using data from the 2025 Community Health Survey (Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency), we analyzed 229,394 adults aged ≥19 years. Smartphone use-related daily life interference was defined as self-reported interference in daily life due to excessive use of internet, gaming, and smartphones; depressive mood was measured as experiencing depression or hopelessness that impaired daily functioning for ≥2 consecutive weeks in the past year. Sleep duration was calculated as the weighted average of weekday and weekend hours. Mediation was tested using Baron and Kenny’s three-step regression approach with the Sobel test for the indirect effect; all analyses accounted for complex survey weights. Age-stratified subgroup analyses (19–44, 45–64, 65–74, ≥75 years) were additionally conducted. Results: Smartphone use-related daily life interference was significantly associated with increased odds of depressive mood (OR=1.883, 95% CI: 1.768–2.006). It was negatively associated with sleep duration (B=−0.0539, p=.0018), and longer sleep duration was associated with lower odds of depressive mood (OR=0.873, p<.001). The indirect effect through sleep duration was statistically significant (B=0.0073, 95% CI: 0.0025 ~ 0.0121), accounting for approximately 1.2% of the total effect. This indicates a statistically significant indirect path, although the indirect effect was modest. The slightly larger direct effect after including sleep duration should therefore be interpreted cautiously and may be attributable to the non-linear properties of logistic regression models. Age-stratified analyses showed that the association was strongest among adults aged 45–64 years (OR=2.031), followed by 19–44 years (OR=1.910), ≥75 years (OR=1.659), and 65–74 years (OR=1.500). Conclusions: Smartphone use-related daily life interference is significantly associated with depressive mood in Korean adults, with sleep duration serving as a partial mediator. The association was particularly pronounced in middle-aged adults. These findings suggest the need for multi-component interventions that combine sleep hygiene education as a supportive strategy with digital wellness programs, along with tailored approaches addressing mental health vulnerabilities across different age groups in an aging society.