요양보호사의 인정투쟁과 사회적 인정: Axel Honneth의 인정이론 중심으로

김정희 ( Kim Jung Hui ) 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2017 사회과학연구 Vol.43 No.3

This study suggests ways to improve social recognition and treatment of care work for care workers from the perspective of Axel Honneth's accreditation theory. This study attempts to find a new direction for the moral viewpoint of recognition struggle that presupposes social recognition for improved treatment of care workers from Axel Honneth's viewpoint of Monistic Theory of Recognition. It also presents the development of care worker‘s recognition struggles, analysis of their success and failure and the requisites for acquiring social recognition. Specific description is as follows. Firstly, it was confirmed that aging of care workers and poor working environment such as part-time work pattern and lack of overtime allowance are the mechanism that make it difficult for the care workers to attempt even moral recognition struggle. Secondly, it was confirmed that care worker‘s failure was due to lack of social recognition accompanied by stigmatization such as 'housekeepers' and 'insignificant workers'. Thirdly, three causes of failure for care workers to obtain social recognition were identified as follows. The first cause is the training system for care workers, which focuses on completing training courses of care worker training institutes and lifelong education centers that do not consider age and education of the care workers. The second factor is the mass production of care workers for part-time low-wage care workers. The third factor of failure is institutional dimension such as the absence of labor union, labor law and social welfare law that can be operated as a mechanism for improvement of working environment of care workers. This study suggested acquisition of professionalism through revolutionary change of training course for care workers to socialize elderly caring in the aging society, social recognition of care workers, and conversion of care workers into full-time care workers as conditions to acquire social recognition. And suggests ways to improve the treatment of care workers through the acquisition of social recognition based on the moral recognition struggle and expansion of the labor laws and social welfare laws.

싱가포르협약상 조정을 통한 국제적 화해합의의 승인 및 집행 : 한국법의 관점

석광현 국제거래법학회 2022 국제거래법연구 Vol.31 No.2

In 2018, UNCITRAL submitted to the General Assembly a draft convention on international settlement agreements resulting from mediation and at the same time adopted a new model law by revising the then existing Model Conciliation Law. The United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (“Singapore Convention”) was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2018 and entered into force on 12 September 2020. According to current law, since a settlement agreement between the parties through private mediation is a contract, if one of the parties does not comply with the settlement agreement, it can be enforced only by obtaining a title of execution through litigation or arbitration. However, the Singapore Convention expands the function of international commercial mediation and enhances the effectiveness of settlement agreements by giving direct enforceability. The Singapore Convention is in substance “a convention on the recognition and enforcement of international settlement agreements resulting from mediation”. Many domestic and foreign articles and books have already been published on the Singapore Convention. Since Korea has signed the Singapore Convention, it is necessary for Korea to consider whether to ratify it. The Ministry of Justice launched a task force on 10 March 2021 in charge of preparation for a law implementing the Singapore Convention in Korea. The author decided to write this article because the analysis of existing literature on issues of Korean private international law or international civil procedure law, such as the recognition of foreign judgments or arbitral awards and the recognition of domestic arbitral awards, seemed insufficient. First, the concepts of mediation agreement and settlement agreement and the law applicable to those agreements are discussed. This is because there is no basic act on private mediation in Korea, and the concepts of mediation agreement and settlement agreement have not been clearly established. Next, the author focuses on the particularity of the recognition of settlement agreements under the Singapore Convention when compared with the recognition of foreign judgments or foreign arbitral awards and recognition of domestic arbitral awards. This particularity is due to the fact, among others, that a settlement agreement is a contract in nature, and there is no distinction between foreign and domestic settlement agreements because there is no seat of mediation under the Singapore Convention. The Singapore Convention deals with recognition of settlement agreements, without conferring res judicata or any other similar procedural effect to the settlement agreement, by way of disallowing re-litigation on the basis that the matter has already been resolved by the settlement agreement. If so, this does not fall under the concept of recognition under the existing Korean private international law or international civil procedure law; this is a novel concept of recognition. While it is possible for the Singapore Convention to introduce such recognition, it is unfortunate that basic issues such as the effect of the recognition (i.e., whether recognition means prohibition of re-litigation without res judicata effect) and its scope (i.e. the meaning of “matter” resolved) have not been clarified. In terms of Korean law, the recognition of a settlement agreement under the Singapore Convention (i.e., disallowing re-litigation on the ground of a settlement agreement) may be explained as first, the existence of a settlement agreement itself is a negative pre-requisite to suit (negative Prozessvoraussetzung), and second, because there is no interest in bringing a lawsuit. However, both approaches are not fully satisfactory. Moreover, such approaches lead to inconsistencies between the recognition of foreign judgments, foreign arbitral awards, and domestic arbitral awards. The author hopes that with the review of the Singapore Convent...

싱가포르협약상 조정을 통한 국제적 화해합의의 승인 및 집행 : 한국법의 관점

석광현 ( Kwang Hyun Suk ) 국제거래법학회 2022 국제거래법연구 Vol.31 No.2

2018년 UNCITRAL은 국제조정에 관한 협약을 성안함과 동시에 기존 모델조정법을 개정함으로써 새로운 모델법을 성안하였고 협약안은 2018년 12월 유엔총회에서 채택되었다. “조정에 의한 국제적 화해합의에 관한 국제연합협약”(“싱가포르협약”)은 2020년 9월 발효되었다. 현행법에 따르면 민간형 조정을 통한 당사자 간의 화해합의는 계약이므로 만일 일방이 화해합의를 이행하지 않으면 소송이나 중재를 통하여 집행권원을 받아야 강제집행을 할 수 있다. 그런데 싱가포르협약은 화해합의에 집행력을 부여함으로써 국제상사조정의 기능을 확충하고 화해합의의 실효성을 제고한다. 싱가포르협약의 실질은 “조정을 통한 국제화해합의 의 승인과 집행에 관한 조약”인데, 싱가포르협약에 관하여는 이미 국내외의 많은 문헌들이 발표되었다. 한국은 싱가포르협약에 서명하였으므로 이를 비준할지를 검토할 필요가 있는데 법무부는 2021. 3. 10. 싱가포르협약의 이행법률 제정을 위한 태스크 포스를 발족하였다. 싱가포르협약의 검토 과정에서 외국재판/외국중재판정의 승인 그리고 내국중재판정의 승인 등 한국의 국제사법 또는 국제민사절차법의 논점들에 대한 기존 문헌들의 분석이 미흡한 것으로 보여 이 글을 쓰게 되었다. 여기에서는 우선 조정합의와 화해합의의 개념 및 준거법을 논의한다. 이는 한국에서는 민간형 조정에 관한 기본법도 없고, 조정합의와 화해합의의 개념도 정립되지 못한 상태이기 때문이다. 이어서 외국재판/외국중재판정 및 내국중재판정의 승인과 비교할 때 싱가포르협약상 화해합의의 승인이 가지는 특수성에 주목한다. 이런 특수성은 화해합의가 계약이라는 점, 싱가포르협약상 조정지라는 개념이 없어 외국/내국의 구별이 없는 점 등에 기인한다. 또한 싱가포르협약은 승인의 법적 결과만을 규정할 뿐이고 승인의 개념, 대상과 효과라는 기본적 논점들을 명확히 규정하지 않는다. 싱가포르협약은 화해합의에 기판력 기타 그와 유사한 절차법적 효력을 부여하지는 않으면서, 화해합의를 승인하는 것, 즉 당사자 간의 분쟁이 화해합의에 의하여 해결되었음을 근거로 기판력 없이 재소(즉 반복)을 금지한다. 그렇다면 이는 종래 한국 국제사법 또는 국제민사절차법상의 승인이 아니라 새로운 개념의 승인이다. 협약이 새로운 개념의 승인을 도입할 수는 있으나, 승인의 효과(즉 기판력 없는 반복금지인지)와 그 범위, 즉 “이미 해결된 사항(matter)”의 범위 등 기본적 논점들을 명확히 규정하지 않은 점은 아쉽다. 협약에 따른 화해합의의 승인, 즉 화해합의에 근거한 재소의 각하를 한국법의 개념으로 보면 화해합의의 존재가 소극적 소송요건이라거나, 권리보호이익이 없다고 설명할 여지가 있다. 그러나 그런 설명은 만족스럽지 않다. 더욱이 그런 접근방법들은 외국재판의 승인과 외국중재판정의 승인 및 내국중재판정의 승인과 사이에 부정합과 불균형을 초래한다. 협약에 대한 검토를 계기로 우리도 재판상화해와 화해계약에 관한 법제를 정비할 수 있기를 희망한다. 필자는 한국의 싱가포르협약 비준을 반대하지 않으나 서두를 이유는 없고, 그에 앞서 위에서 언급한 이론적 논점 등을 충분히 검토하고, 우리 기업들의 실제적 필요와 외국의 태도 등을 고려하여야 하며, 정책적 결정사항 등을 먼저 결정하여야 한다. 이행법률만으로 끝낼 일이 아니므로 태스크 포스가 적절한지는 의문이다. 아무쪼록 법무부가 중지를 모아 합리적인 방침을 찾아 주실 것을 부탁드린다. In 2018, UNCITRAL submitted to the General Assembly a draft convention on international settlement agreements resulting from mediation and at the same time adopted a new model law by revising the then existing Model Conciliation Law. The United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (“Singapore Convention”) was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2018 and entered into force on 12 September 2020. According to current law, since a settlement agreement between the parties through private mediation is a contract, if one of the parties does not comply with the settlement agreement, it can be enforced only by obtaining a title of execution through litigation or arbitration. However, the Singapore Convention expands the function of international commercial mediation and enhances the effectiveness of settlement agreements by giving direct enforceability. The Singapore Convention is in substance “a convention on the recognition and enforcement of international settlement agreements resulting from mediation”. Many domestic and foreign articles and books have already been published on the Singapore Convention. Since Korea has signed the Singapore Convention, it is necessary for Korea to consider whether to ratify it. The Ministry of Justice launched a task force on 10 March 2021 in charge of preparation for a law implementing the Singapore Convention in Korea. The author decided to write this article because the analysis of existing literature on issues of Korean private international law or international civil procedure law, such as the recognition of foreign judgments or arbitral awards and the recognition of domestic arbitral awards, seemed insufficient. First, the concepts of mediation agreement and settlement agreement and the law applicable to those agreements are discussed. This is because there is no basic act on private mediation in Korea, and the concepts of mediation agreement and settlement agreement have not been clearly established. Next, the author focuses on the particularity of the recognition of settlement agreements under the Singapore Convention when compared with the recognition of foreign judgments or foreign arbitral awards and recognition of domestic arbitral awards. This particularity is due to the fact, among others, that a settlement agreement is a contract in nature, and there is no distinction between foreign and domestic settlement agreements because there is no seat of mediation under the Singapore Convention. The Singapore Convention deals with recognition of settlement agreements, without conferring res judicata or any other similar procedural effect to the settlement agreement, by way of disallowing re-litigation on the basis that the matter has already been resolved by the settlement agreement. If so, this does not fall under the concept of recognition under the existing Korean private international law or international civil procedure law; this is a novel concept of recognition. While it is possible for the Singapore Convention to introduce such recognition, it is unfortunate that basic issues such as the effect of the recognition (i.e., whether recognition means prohibition of re-litigation without res judicata effect) and its scope (i.e. the meaning of “matter” resolved) have not been clarified. In terms of Korean law, the recognition of a settlement agreement under the Singapore Convention (i.e., disallowing re-litigation on the ground of a settlement agreement) may be explained as first, the existence of a settlement agreement itself is a negative pre-requisite to suit (negative Prozessvoraussetzung), and second, because there is no interest in bringing a lawsuit. However, both approaches are not fully satisfactory. Moreover, such approaches lead to inconsistencies between the recognition of foreign judgments, foreign arbitral awards, and domestic arbitral awards. The author hopes that with the review of the Singapore Convention, we will be able to revise the legal regime for judicial settlement and settlement agreements. Although the author does not oppose Korea’s ratification of the Singapore Convention, there is no reason to rush into ratification. Before doing that, theoretical issues mentioned above should be thoroughly reviewed, the practical needs of Korean enterprises and the position of foreign countries should be considered, and policy decisions should be made first. It is questionable whether the task force launched by the Ministry of Justice is appropriate be cause it is not s ome thing that c an b e done with by i mple me nting an act a lone . The a uthor would like to request the Ministry of Justice to gather the wisdom of the many and lay out a reasonable way forward.

Improving Unconstrained Iris Recognition Performance via Domain Adaptation Metric Learning Method

Yan Fei,Zhou Changjiu,Tian Yantao 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.5

To improve unconstrained iris recognition system performance in different environments, a performance improvement method of unconstrained iris recognition based on domain adaptation metric learning is proposed. A kernel matrix is calculated as the solution of domain adaptation metric learning. The known Hamming distance computing by intra-class and inter-class is used as the optimization learning constraints in the process of iris recognition. An optimal Mahalanobis matrix is computed for certain cross-environment system, then distance between two iris samples is redefined. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can increase the accuracy of the unconstrained iris recognition in different circumstances, improving the classification ability of iris recognition system.

프리츠커 수상작품 선행연구들에 나타나는 공간인식 경향에 관한 연구

진제스민,이종세,김주연 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.3

(연구배경 및 목적) 건축가가 공간을 구축하고 표현형식을 결정하는데 있어서 공간인식은 중요한 인자로 적용되어진다. 그러나 건축적 행위와 그들의 작품을 대상으로 한 선행연구는 연구자에 의한 공간인식으로 다시 해석될 수 있을 것이다. 1979년부터 시작된 프리츠커 상은 현대 건축의 통시적인 흐름을 보여줄 수 있는 동시에 건축가의 건축적 사고와 관련된 건축세계를 평가하는 상이기 때문에 이는 공간인식과 밀접한 관계가 있다고 간주된다. 따라서 본 연구는 프리츠커 수상자 작품을 대상으로 한 선행연구들을 분석함으로써 통시적 공간인식의 흐름의 경향을 도출하여 후속연구의 사례선정을 위한 기초자료를 마련하는 것을 목적으로 한다. (연구방법 및 범위) 첫째, 공간인식에 대한 이론적 고찰을 통해 연구 기준이 될 공간인식의 분석틀을 마련한다. 둘째, 프리츠커상 수상자들을 대상으로 한 선행연구 조사 범위는 1979년부터 2019년까지의 국내 학위논문과 한국연구재단에 등재된 학술논문을 대상으로 하였으며, 검색 키워드는 수상자 이름이 주제목과 소제목에서 언급되는 범위로 제한하였다. 셋째, 수집된 연구논문은 총 620편이였으며, 공간인식의 분석틀을 적용하여 분류한 뒤에 집계하여 통계적인 분석을 실시하였다. (결과) 프리츠커상 수상자의 선행연구에서 나타난 외재적·내재적 공간인식의 경향은 2010년 이전까지는 큰 격차를 보이다가 이후에는 비등하게 유지되는 현상을 보이고 있다. 또한 10년 단위별 통시적인 공간인식의 경향은 외재적 공간인식의 감소와 내재적 공간인식에 관한 연구가 증가되는 것을 특징을 나타냈다. 마지막으로 선행연구에서 외재적 공간인식의 연구 경향이 분명하거나 강하게 나오는 건축가들은 모두 2000년 이전의 수상자들이였고, 내재적 연구 경향이 분명하게 나오는 건축가들은 2012년 이후, 강하게 나오는 건축가들은 2004년 이후였다. (결론) 프리츠커상 수상자의 선행연구에서 발견된 내재적 공간인식 경향의 결과를 통해 현시대에 건축이 가지는 사유적 의미와 주변 환경과의 관계성의 중요성과 관심을 객관적 분석으로 검증할 수 있었다. 또한 후속 연구와의 연계성과 필요성을 도출할 수 있었으며, 결과 분석에서 선별된 현대건축의 연도별 시기와 수상자를 중심으로 하여 후속 연구의 사례 대상을 선정할 수 있는 근거를 획득하였다. (Background and Purpose) Spatial recognition is an important factor for architects to construct spaces and to determine the form of expression. However, preceding studies on architectural acts and their works could be reinterpreted in terms of spatial recognition by researchers. Because the Pritzker Prize, which began in 1979, shows the trend of modern architecture and evaluates the architectural world related to architect's architectural thinking, this is considered to be closely related to spatial recognition. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to derive the trend of temporal spatial recognition by analyzing the preceding studies on the works of Fritzker winners and to prepare the basic data for the case selection of the follow-up study. (Method) First, through the theoretical consideration of spatial recognition, an analysis framework of spatial recognition is prepared. Second, the scope of the preceding studies on Fritzker Prize winners was based on the domestic thesis and academic paper listed in Korean Research Foundation from 1979 to 2019, and searching keyword were limited to those mentioned in the subject and subtitle under the winner's name. Third, 620 studies were collected, and statistical analysis was performed after classifying by applying the analysis framework of spatial recognition. (Results) The trend of extrinsic and intrinsic spatial recognition in the preceding studies of the Fritzker Prize winners showed a big gap before 2010, and then remained analogous afterwards. In addition, the diachronic trend of integrated spatial recognition by 10-year unit is characterized by the decrease of the extrinsic spatial recognition(EAS) and the increase of the intrinsic spatial recognition(IAS). Finally, the architects who showed clear or strong trends in the extrinsic spatial recognition(EAS) were winners before 2000, but architects with clear trends in the intrinsic spatial recognition(IAS) have been since 2012, and architects with strong trends in the intrinsic spatial recognition have been since 2004. (Conclusions) Through the results of the intrinsic spatial recognition tendency found in the Fritzker Prize winner's preceding studies, it was able to objectively verify that the importance and interest of the thinking significance of architecture and its relationship with the surrounding environment is increasing. In addition, given the increasing interest in urban and environmental issues of the present age, it is expected that the phenomenon of increased intrinsic spatial recognition(IAS) will continue. As a result, it was possible to derive linkage and necessity with the follow-up studies, and to obtain the justification for selecting case targets of follow-up studies based on the time of year and winners of the selected modern architecture in the analysis of results.

공ㆍ사의 인정이론적 경계 긋기 -악셀 호네트에서 사랑의 인정을 중심으로-

장성빈 한국사회와철학연구회 2020 사회와 철학 Vol.0 No.39

One of the achievements of modern feminist theory is that it brought the affair of the home into the public realm and considered it as ‘problematically’. As the slogan of “second wave feminism”, which speaks about “private is political”, love is no longer free from the discourse of justice. On the other hand, we still have a sense that privacy is important to our personal lives. The task of defining the proper line between these two positions is an crucial. In the struggle for recognition, Axel Honneth reinterprets Hegel's theory of recognition into the modern one and establishes three forms of recognition: love, rights and solidarity. Recognition is an indispensable condition for a good life that the individual's ‘good life’ is only possible when the recognition for each of these three forms of recognition are fulfilled. The ambiguity that is presented in the form of recognition of love, however, delays the completion of this project. Feminist theorists, who try to establish a new division, criticize the model of Honneth. Honneth’s model of recognition of love seems to repeat the history of “male-centered” division. By showing that the form of recognition is not limited to the material place, this paper seeks to relieve the Honneth’s recognition theory from the criticism and explores the concept of caring, which has been presented as a unique attitude of love, as the possibility of recognition theory on public and private distinction.

Multimodal Biometric Recognition System for Cloud Robots

Shuqing Tian,Sung Gyu Im,Suk Gyu Lee 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.7

This paper presents a Multimodal Biometric Recognition System (MBRS) which is capable of integrating various biometric information for person recognition. The MBRS is deployed as a cloud server and provides person recognition service for smart robots. Through the experiments based on multimodal biometric traits, the fact that the multimodal biometric recognition performs better than individual biometric recognition has been proved. In our approach, the implementation of a multimodal biometric recognition system based on face recognition system and voice recognition system is proposed. The MBRS provides the possibility of integrating multi biometric subsystems to do recognition. Even more, since the MBRS is deployed as a cloud server, the public interfaces were provided for the robots to do real-time person recognition. The experimental results show that the MBRS outperforms any individual face recognition subsystem and voice recognition subsystem.

개선된 Google Activity Recognition을 이용한 상황인지 모델

백승은 ( Seung Eun Baek ),박상원 ( Sang Won Park ) 한국정보처리학회 2015 정보처리학회 논문지(KTSDE) Vol.4 No.1

Activity recognition technology is gaining attention because it can provide useful information follow user’s situation. In research of activity recognition before smartphone’s dissemination, we had to infer user’s activity by using independent sensor. But now, with development of IT industry, we can infer user’s activity by using inner sensor of smartphone. So, more animated research of activity recognition is being implemented now. By applying activity recognition system, we can develop service like recommending application according to user’s preference or providing information of route. Some previous activity recognition systems have a defect using up too much energy, because they use GPS sensor. On the other hand, activity recognition system which Google released recently (Google Activity Recognition) needs only a few power because it use ‘Network Provider’ instead of GPS. Thus it is suitable to smartphone application system. But through a result from testing performance of Google Activity Recognition, we found that is difficult to getting user’s exact activity because of unnecessary activity element and some wrong recognition. So, in this paper, we describe problems of Google Activity Recognition and propose AGAR(Advanced Google Activity Recognition) applied method to improve accuracy level because we need more exact activity recognition for new service based on activity recognition. Also to appraise value of AGAR, we compare performance of other activity recognition systems and ours and explain an applied possibility of AGAR by developing exemplary program.

김지하 시의 공간의식 연구 : 불귀ㆍ미귀ㆍ귀무를 중심으로

이영숙(Lee Young-sook),이승하(Lee Seung-ha) 韓國批評文學會 2009 批評文學 Vol.- No.33

The author of this article makes the study of the space recognition in Kim Ji-ha’s poetry. The space recognition means the self - consciousness in a space. In poetry, it means the directivity of a poet shown by the mutual relations between literature and the realities of life. Generally, it is thought that Kim Ji-ha is the poet consistent in a poetry, a thought and a life style in position of the crossing between historicity and feature of the times because his poetry and his attitude show three images concerning on him ; the image of a militant struggling against the reality of 70s, the image of a person with ecological thought coping with environmental crisis as the global issue of 80s, and the image of a culture campaigner to construct Shinsi(神市), a city which a mythic founder of Korea built in ancient times, around the second millennium. So, the reputation of his poetry has never gone beyond this boundary up to now. In spite of the existing studies, this article focuses on the wanderer recognition and then, his space recognition is divided into three kinds such as Bulgwi, Migwi, and Gwimu. Bulgwi(不歸) means the disability to come back, Migwi(未歸) does no will to come back, and Gwimu(歸無) does the impossibility of no way to come back. And, this article develops by regarding a space as a original but lost one. The difference between this article and the existing studies on Kim Ji -ha as well as the studies on the space recognition of other poets’ poetry is the uniqueness of the poetic space in his poetry. A poet’s inner recognition is based on the subject - consciousness and directivity, linguistic features, emotional responds, the way of life, and so on. Besides, a philosophical view and features of the times as the external background of writings are at its base as well. These take both compound and unitary forms of spaces and they act on most poets as the intimate space recognition. In other words, the distance between space and space recognition changes the feature of space recognition. Unlike the former classification of a space, it is possible that his poetic space will be divided into three other kinds such as the space of an upset and disobedience, the space of reconstruction and the discovery of lives, and the space of fatal leap. However, it is impossible to explain the wanderer recognition(or homecoming recognition) piercing his poetry if the latter classification is applied. Bulgwi, Migwi, and Gwimu seek after the return to the original forms of human beings and society(原始返本). So, his abstract space which wouldn’t be restored in reality despite of the trials to restore has partially religious features. This point appeared remarkably as well when he struggled against the political oppression of 70s. However, his religious features dealt with this article are not equal to two religions such as Jeungsangyo(甑山敎) and Donghak(東學) based on his thought, but come in touch with the wanderer recognition, which pursues ‘a restless journey’ instead of ‘a short trip’. Therefore, his space recognition developed by the wanderer recognition is extended universally according to the stream of time.

Comparison of Computer and Human Face Recognition According to Facial Components

Nam, Hyun-Ha,Kang, Byung-Jun,Park, Kang-Ryoung Korea Multimedia Society 2012 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.15 No.1

Face recognition is a biometric technology used to identify individuals based on facial feature information. Previous studies of face recognition used features including the eye, mouth and nose; however, there have been few studies on the effects of using other facial components, such as the eyebrows and chin, on recognition performance. We measured the recognition accuracy affected by these facial components, and compared the differences between computer-based and human-based facial recognition methods. This research is novel in the following four ways compared to previous works. First, we measured the effect of components such as the eyebrows and chin. And the accuracy of computer-based face recognition was compared to human-based face recognition according to facial components. Second, for computer-based recognition, facial components were automatically detected using the Adaboost algorithm and active appearance model (AAM), and user authentication was achieved with the face recognition algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA). Third, we experimentally proved that the number of facial features (when including eyebrows, eye, nose, mouth, and chin) had a greater impact on the accuracy of human-based face recognition, but consistent inclusion of some feature such as chin area had more influence on the accuracy of computer-based face recognition because a computer uses the pixel values of facial images in classifying faces. Fourth, we experimentally proved that the eyebrow feature enhanced the accuracy of computer-based face recognition. However, the problem of occlusion by hair should be solved in order to use the eyebrow feature for face recognition.