Long-term anti-cariogenic biofilm activity of glass ionomers related to fluoride release

Chau, N.P.T.,Pandit, S.,Jung, J.E.,Cai, J.N.,Yi, H.K.,Jeon, J.G. Elsevier 2016 Journal of dentistry Vol.47 No.-

<P>Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between anti-cariogenic biofilm activities of glass ionomers (G-Is) during the initial and second fluoride release phases and to define relationships between the anti-biofilm activities and fluoride release. Methods: Fluoride release of three commercially available G-Is in a buffer was evaluated for 770 h, and then 70-h-old Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms were formed on the G-Is that had been immersed in the buffer for 0, 100, 200, or 700 h. The dry weight, bacterial cell number, water-insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), and accumulated fluoride concentration of the 70-h-old biofilms and fluoride release and acid production rates during biofilm formation were determined. Relationships between the experimental variables and fluoride release rate were also evaluated using linear regression analysis. Results: In this study, fluoride release of the tested G-Is did not exhibit a biphasic pattern during biofilm formation. The release was sustained or did not rapidly decrease even over long immersion periods and was strongly correlated with an increase in accumulated fluoride concentration of the biofilms (R = 0.99, R-2 = 0.98) and reductions in dry weight, water-insoluble EPSs, and acid production rate of the biofilms (R = - 0.99 to - 0.96, R-2 = 0.92-0.98). Conclusions: This study suggests that G-Is can effectively affect acid production, EPS formation, and accumulation of cariogenic biofilms even during the second fluoride release phase, and that the anti-cariogenic biofilm activity is strongly correlated with fluoride release, which may be enhanced by acid production of cariogenic biofilms. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

수종의 불소함유 수복재의 불소 유리 및 재충전

이동연,김종수,한미란,신지선 대한소아치과학회 2020 대한소아치과학회지 Vol.47 No.2

The aim of the study is to compare the fluoride release and recharge properties of glass ionomer cements and ‘alkasite’. Specimens of two glass ionomer cements (Fuji Ⅸ GP and Riva Self Cure), ‘alkasite’ restorative material (Cention N) and composite resin (FiltekTM Z350XT) were prepared. The fluoride release of each specimen was measured for 28 days. Thereafter, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel was applied to experimental groups. No treatment was performed on control groups. The fluoride release was measured for additional 7 days to evaluate the fluoride recharge properties of each materials. The fluoride release was highest in Riva Self Cure, followed by Fuji Ⅸ GP, Cention N (p < 0.05). Fluoride release of Cention N was measured to be approximately 49% of Fuji Ⅸ GP’s. After the application of 1.23% APF gel, increases in fluoride release were observed in Riva Self Cure, Fuji Ⅸ GP and Cention N (p < 0.05). Fluoride recharge was observed in Cention N as well as in glass ionomer cements. Further studies are required to evaluate the anti-cariogenic properties of Cention N at clinical conditions. 이 연구는 두 종류의 글라스 아이오노머와 ‘alkasite’ 계열 수복재의 불소 유리 및 재충전 양상을 비교, 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 글라스 아이오노머 Fuji Ⅸ GP와 Riva Self Cure, ‘alkasite’ 수복재인 Cention N, 복합레진 FiltekTM Z350XT의 시편을 직경 10.0 mm, 높이 2.0 mm의 원반 형태로 제작하였다. 총 28일간 불소 유리량을 측정한 이후, 각 재료별로 시편을 두 군으로 분류하였다. 실험군에는1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride(APF) gel을 1분간 도포하고, 이후 7일간의 불소 유리량 측정을 통해 대조군과 비교하여 각 재료의 불소 재충전 여부를 평가하였다. 불소 유리량은 Riva Self Cure, Fuji Ⅸ GP, Cention N의 순으로 높게 나타났다(p < 0.05). Cention N의 불소 유리량은 Fuji Ⅸ GP의 약49% 수준으로 측정되었다. 또한, Riva Self Cure, Fuji Ⅸ GP, Cention N에서 1.23% APF gel의 도포 후 불소 유리량의 증가가 관찰되어(p < 0.05), 글라스 아이오노머뿐 아니라 Cention N에서도 불소의 재충전 양상이 확인되었다.

글라스 아이오노머 시멘트와 불소함유 레진의 불소유리에 관한 연구

김미경,이기수 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.3

불소를 유리하는 치과재료인 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트와 불소함유 레진을 대상으로 경화후의 시간경과에 따른 1일간 불소유리량을 측정하고, 이들의 경시적 변화추세를 비교 검토하기 위하여 광중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트로서 치과교정용 브라켓 접착제(Orthobond)와 충전용(Fuji GC LC), 자가중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트로서 충전용(Fuji GC II)과 아말감 합금이 첨가된 충전용(Miracle-Mix) 및 광중합형 불소함유 충전용 레진(Heliomolar)을 실험재료로 하여 중합 1일, 3일, 7일, 14일, 42일, 70일 경과후 각각 불소유리량을 측정하고, 변화추세를 비교 검토하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전 실험기간에 걸쳐 불소함유 레진의 1일간 불소유리량은 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트에 비해 현저히 적었다. 2. 중합 70일 경과후 1일간 불소유리량은 Miracle-Mix는 평균 3.4㎍/㎠, Fuji GC II가 평균 2.7㎍/㎠,Orthobond가 평균 2.3㎍/㎠, Fuji GG LC이 평균 1.4㎍/㎠였고, 불소함유 레진인 Heliomolar은 평균 0.1㎍/㎠이었다. 3. 1일간 불소유리량은 자가중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트와 광중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트사이에 차이를 발견할 수 없었고, 제조회사의 제품에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 아말감 합금이 첨가된 Micracle-Mix은 아말감 합금이 첨가되지 않은 다른 시멘트에 비해 현저히 많은 양의 불소를 유리하였다. 4. 모든 실험재료의 1일간 불소유리량은 중합3일이전까지 현저한 감소를 보였고, 중합 3일경과이후 중합 14일 이전까지 완만한 감소를, 중합 14일이후부터 중합 70일경과까지 매우 완만한 감소추세를 보였다. In order to resolve enamel demineralization around orthodontic bracket, fluoride-releasing materials, glass ionomer cements and fluoride-containing resin, were introduced in orthodontic department. There were many studies about their fluoride release, but their results were controversial. The purpose of this study was to clarify the pattern and amounts of fluoride release from glass ionomer cements and a fluoride-containing resin during 70 days in vitro. Disc shaped specimens were prepared and immersed in polyethylene tube containing 2ml distilled deionized water. The daily amounts of the fluoride released from each specimens were after experiment 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 42 days and 70 days. They were measured by fluoride-specific electrode combined pH/Ion meter. The following results were as follow. 1. Fluorides released from fluoride-containing resin during 1 day were significantly less than those from glass ionomes cements. 2. On experiment 70 days, mean daily amount of fluoride released from Miracle-Mix were 3.4㎍/㎠, those from Fuji GC II were 2.7㎍/㎠, those from Orthobond were 2.3㎍/㎠. those from Fuji GC LC were 1.4㎍/㎠ and those from fluoride-containing resin, Heliomolar, were 0.1㎍/㎠. 3. There were no significant differences in daily amounts of fluoride released from between self-curing glass ionomer cements and light-curing glass ionomer cements. Amounts of released fluoride varied among commercially available products. 4. In all experimental materials. Amount of released fluoride decreased rapidly until experimental 3 days and then decreased slowly until 14 days and more slowly until 70 days.

치과교정용 브라켓 접착제로서 불소함유 레진과 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트의 물성 평가

김경남,이진숙 大韓齒科器材學會 1994 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Decalcification of enamel is a significant clinical liability during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Fluoride-releasing resin adhesives are used to solve this problem but its bond strength and the amount of fluoride released have not been fully evaluated yet. And the interest in glass ionomer cement is growing as an adhesive releasing fluoride. But previous studies have indicated that lining glass ionomer cements have low bond strength. Thus, the shear tensile bond strength after 24 hours and after thermocycling and the amount of fluoride released for 40 days of experimental groups were evaluated and compared with those of the control group in this study. No-mix type resin adhesive(Mono-Lok 2) was used as a control, and resin cement with sealant releasing fluoride(Phase Ⅱ), fluoride-releasing light cured resin cement(Orthodontic Adhesive Bonding System), lining(Ketac-Cem), water-set filling(Chemfil Superior) and light-cured filling glass ionomer cement(Vitremer) were used as experimental groups. Results were as follows: 1. All adhesives in this study showed enough shear tensile bond strength to use clinically except Ketac-Cem. 2. After thermocycling, the shear tensile bond strength of Orthodontic Adhesive Bonding System and Chemfil Superior were significantly decreased, but that of Phase Ⅱ was increased. And those of Mono-Lok 2, Ketac-Cem and Vitremer were not significantly different from 24 hours(P<0.05). 3. As for adhesives releasing fluoride, the amount of fluoride released went down sharply for 10 days, and after 10 days it showed a little bit decrease. Phase Ⅱ didn't release fluoride after 10 days. 4. After 40 days, Chemfil Superior and Vitremer released significantly greater amount of fluoride than Orthodontic Adhesive Bonding System(P<0.01). According to the above results, it was considered that glass ionomer cements for filling materials were available to be used as orthodontic bracket adhesives. And they were more effective for releasing fluoride than fluoride-releasing resins.

불소바니시 5종의 불소이온용출량 비교: 실험실 연구

김지수 ( Ji-soo Kim ),변민지 ( Min-ji Byon ),남용태 ( Yong-tae Nam ),김진범 ( Jin-bom Kim ),정승화 ( Seung-hwa Jeong ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2019 대한구강보건학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives: This study aims to compare the fluoride-release between different fluorine varnish under in vitro experimental conditions. Methods: In this study, 5 fluoride varnish products distributed in Korea were selected. V-varnishTM (Vericom, Korea: VV), CavityShieldTM (3M ESPE, USA: CS), ClinproTM White varnishTM (3M ESPE, USA: CP), MI VarnishTM (GC, Japan: MI), and Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein: FP). For the in vitro study, 10 mg of each fluoride varnish was thinly applied to the same area of the specimen. The specimen was then immersed in 3 ml of distilled water at consistent intervals to confirm fluoride release. Nine specimens per group were used. Fluoride ion electrodes were used to measure the fluoride concentration of the solution. The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was performed to compare between each experimental group, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank nonparametric test was performed to compare experimental groups over time. The significance level for a Type I error was set at 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: In vitro experiments showed that the amount of fluoride released from MI was higher than the other groups during the first 12 hours after application. However, the amount of fluoride released from CP and CS was higher than MI as the immersion time increased over 12 and 20 hours, respectively. The fluoride release from FP was the lowest at all measurement points. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the remaining fluoride effect from rosin type fluoride varnishes was higher than liquid type fluoride varnishes. There were differences in the residual fluoride concentrations despite each fluoride varnish having the same fluoride content.

Comparison of Fluoride Release and Microhardness between Restorative Materials

차의진,박태영,지명관,고결 대한치의학회 2024 Journal of korean dental science Vol.17 No.3

Purpose: Research comparing and evaluating the properties of various dental materials is an important topic in the field of dentistry. This study aims to evaluate the fluoride release and microhardness properties of various fluoride-containing restorative materials used in dental treatments. Materials and Methods: Thirty specimens of four restorative materials were prepared (5 mm × 2 mm, cylindrical): alkasite-based material (Cention N, CN), Self-cure glass Ionomer (Riva self cure, RS), Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji LC II, FL) and composite resin (Filtek Z350XT, FZ). Fluoride release measurements were conducted on 25 specimens at intervals of 1, 2, 6, 13, 20, and 27 days with a fluoride electrode connected to the pH/ISE Meter (Orion Star A214, Thermo Scientific, USA) and cumulative fluoride release was calculated. Vickers microhardness measurements were performed on five specimens from each material with microhardness tester (DM2D, AFFRI, Italy). Results: As a result of measuring the amount of fluoride release over 27 days, the amount of fluoride release in CN showed a gradual increase, while the amount of fluoride release in RS, FL, and FZ gradually decreased. The cumulative fluoride release amount for 28 days was significantly higher in CN and FL than in RS (P < 0.05). FZ and RS demonstrated significantly higher microhardness compared to CN and FL (P < 0.05). FZ and RS showed similar microhardness, and FL showed the lowest microhardness. Conclusion: Cention N (CN) exhibited superior fluoride release compared to Glass Ionomer Cement (RS), making it a promising option for preventing secondary caries. However, it displayed a lower microhardness than the composite resin (FZ), indicating potential limitations in terms of mechanical strength. Therefore, if an anti-caries action is required, Cention N may be considered first; however, it appears to be difficult to use in posterior permanent teeth. [J Korean Dent Sci. 2024;17(3):105-11]

치아우식증 예방을 위한 불소-유리 키토산 나노입자 개발

김조은 ( Jo Eun Kim ),정홍문 ( Hong Moon Jung ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),한지은 ( Ji Eun Han ),진보형 ( Bo Hyoung Jin ),우경미 ( Kyung Mi Woo ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2011 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.8 No.2s

Fluoride is one of most effective agents in prevention of dental caries. Cariostatic actions of fluoride are dependent on effective concentrations of fluoride sustained in saliva. However, fluoride from currently used products is removed shortly after applying. In this study, fluoride-releasing chitosan nanoparticle, FRCN, was developed. The pattern of fluoride release to a simulated body fluid, the effect on acid solubility of tooth slices, and the cytotoxicity were evaluated. Spherical FRCN with diameters of 260±70 nm was fabricated. While 2% NaF solution, a generally used fluoride agent, showed a burst of fluoride release at first and then a rapid decrease of fluoride within 20 minutes, FRCN slowly released fluoride and sustained for the following 10 days. Furthermore, in an acidic solution of pH 3.5, FRCN-treated tooth slices dissolved about 32% less than NaF-treated did. In a cytotoxicity test, FRCN did not show any significant increase in cell death. Taken together, these results provided preliminary evidence for effective and sustained fluoride-release from FRCN, and suggest that FRCN can be used for remineralization and prevention of dental caries.

국소적인 불소도포제재와 불소유리 치면열구전색재의 내산성 효과

박광균,이종갑,최병재,손동수,박기태,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 1997 대한소아치과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Sixty human premolar teeth were used for this in vitro study. After each tooth was sectioned mesiodistally, one half was used for the experimental group and the other half for the control. Three groups were made for each fluoride applying method and twenthy teeth were assigned to each group. Ten teeth were used for evaluating total fluoride amount and the other ten were used for firmly-bound fluoride. Fluorshield was used for fluoride-releasing sealant and 1.23% APF, 0.05% NaF were used for topical application fluorides. Each tooth was cleaned with a tooth brush using nonfluoride containing pumice before the experiment. In the sealant group, fluoroshield was applied to the enamel surface without etching procedure and stored in 37℃ saline for 30 days. After 30 days, sealant was removed with explorer without scratching the enamel surface and washed with distilled water and dried. In the APF group, each tooth was immersed in 1.23% APF for 30 min then washed and dried in the same manner. In the NaF group, each tooth was immersed in 0.05% NaF for 24 hours then washed and dried as described above. After each fluoride regimen was applied, ten teeth were randomly selected from each group and immersed in 1M KOH solution for 24 hours to remove loosely-bound fluoride possibly deposited by the three different fluorides applied. In each group, total fluoride amount deposited and the amount of enamel removed by acid biopsy were calculated. After loosely-bound fluoride was removed, firmly-bound fluoride deposited and the amount of enamel removed by acid biopsy were also calculated. Total fluoride amount deposition was significantly increased in the APF and NaF groups, but not in the sealant group. Amount of enamel removed by acid-biopsy was also significantly diminished in the APF and NaF groups, but not in the sealant group. After loosely-bound fluoride was removed from each groups, no statistical difference was found in the amount of firmly-bound fluoride in any groups. Also no effect of firmly-bound fluoride on enamel dissolution was shown in any group after loosely-bound fluoride was removed from each group. In conclusion, topical application method of APF or NaF is more effective than fluoride releasing sealant application to make CaF₂coating on enamel surface and CaF₂coating is the main source for anticariogenic effect of fluoride. However, longterm anticariogenic effect of fluoride-releasing sealant should be further evaluated.

불소 함유 교정용 레진 시멘트의 불소 유리 및 법랑질 탈회 저항성에 대한 효과

김명은 ( Myung Eun Kim ),강재경 ( Jae Kyoung Kang ),김수화 ( Soo Wha Kim ),이민영 ( Min Young Lee ),이주혜 ( Joo Hye Lee ),김형식 ( Hyoung Sik Kim ),김광만 ( Kwang Mahn Kim ) 한국치위생과학회 2011 치위생과학회지 Vol.11 No.5

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine of fluoride-releasing of orthodontic resin cements containing fluoride and compare decalcification of tooth attached fluoride and non-fluoride resin cements. Methods : Total eighty premolar tooth were used in this study. Forty tooth were used for fluoride releasing measurement and forty tooth were used for decalcification measurement. Each forty tooth were randomly divided into four groups, and brackets were attached on tooth surface with Blugloo, Light Bond, Orthofolw(experimental groups) and Transbond cement(control group). After brackets were attached on tooth surface, forty tooth were immersed in artificial salival and then the quantity of fluoride releasing was measured ever day for 8days and then three-days intervals for 3 weeks. Forty tooth were immersed in decalcification solution for 48hours and then degree of decalcification was measured as lesion area, ΔF, and ΔQ using QLF. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Pearson`s correlation coefficient using SPSS 12.0 program. Results : Fluoride release of experimental groups was higher than control group(p<0.05). Cumulative fluoride release of experimental groups was also higher than control group(p<0.05). There were the highest release during first day. ΔF, and ΔQ was high TB > BG > OF > LB (p<0.05). Change of ΔF, and ΔQ was also high TB > BG > OF > LB (p<0.05). As for correlation between fluoride release and lesion area, ΔF, and ΔQ showed negative correlation but there was no significant difference. Conclusions : This study shows that orthodontic reins cements containing fluoride release fluoride and prevent initial enamel decalcification caused by orthodontic treatment.

Comparative Evaluation of the Fluoride Releasing Ability and Microbial Attachment of Glass-Hybrid Restorative Material

최민기,박호원,이시영,김해니,이주현 대한소아치과학회 2024 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.51 No.2

This study aimed to compare the fluoride-releasing ability and degree of microbial attachment of a newly developed glass-hybrid restorative material (GH) with those of a high-viscosity glass ionomer (HvGIC), resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and composite resin (CR). In addition, the correlation between fluoride-releasing ability and microbial attachment between materials was evaluated. Specimens were prepared in a disc shape and divided into 4 groups according to the materials (GH, HvGIC, RMGI, and CR). The fluoride release experiments were performed in each group (n = 15). The amount of fluoride released was measured on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42 after storage. For the microbial attachment experiment, 12 specimens were produced per group using Mutans Streptococci (S.mutans ), a cariogenic microorganism. S. mutans was cultured on the specimens for 24 hours, and the number of bacteria was measured. GH had the highest cumulative fluoride release and showed a significant difference when compared with RMGI (p = 0.001) and CR (p < 0.0001). Microbial attachment was the lowest in GH; however, no significant difference was observed between the materials (p = 0.169). There was no significant correlation between fluoride release from materials and microbial attachment (p > 0.05). From this perspective, remineralization of low-mineralized areas could be expected due to the high fluoride release of GH, and the effect of delaying the progression of dental caries could be predicted from the low cariogenic microbial attachment. Therefore, GH might be a useful restorative material for treating immature permanent teeth with hypomineralized enamel. However, further studies are needed about the degree of remineralization of hypomineralized areas after restoration and the capacity to recharge fluoride.