Oil Color의 자외선에 의한 내광성과 색채변화에 관한 연구 107

이헌형,박연선 한국색채학회 2013 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.27 No.3

근·현대미술은 새로운 미술사조의 등장과 함께 다양한 미술재료의 확산을 가져왔다. 그 중에 오일컬러(oil color)는 15세기 이후 종전에 주로 사용했던 프레스코화와 템페라화를 급속도로 대체하여 작품에 사용되었으며 현대에 이르기까지 광범위하게 사용하고 있다. 그런데 이러한 미술사적 흐름 속에서 제작되었던 예술작품들은 자외선에 의해 색채변화가 일어나거나 퇴색되어 많은 작품들이 복원의 길을 걷는 것이 현 실정이다. 표면적인 색만을 인지하고 사용하였거나 유기안료와 무기안료의 서로 다른 색채보존능력에 대한 간과로 재해 및 가치 손실이 발생하고 있다. 특히 서로 다른 재료적 특성을 가진 색을 혼합했을 때 오랜 세월동안 변치 않는 색과 빠르게 변하는 색이 섞여 있어 처음 의도된 작품의 표현색이 사라지고 완전히 다른 색채의 작품이 되는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 본 실험 연구에서는 자외선에 의한 오일컬러(organic․inorganic pigment)의 내광성을 실험하고, 측색한 정량화된 내광성 데이터를 Munsell H V/C 값과 CIE L*a*b* 값으로 제시 하였다. 오일컬러에 대한 내광성 실험결과 대부분의 무기안료가 유기안료보다 내광성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 카드뮴(cadmium)과 코발트(cobalt) 안료는 단독 및 혼색 내광성에서도 변화가 없었으며, 안료 함량을 낮게 하는 화이트와의 혼색에서도 자외선에 견디는 내구성이 뛰어났다. 그러나 무기안료 중에 일부는 내광성이 약한 안료가 있었으며, 반대로 유기안료 중에 내광성이 뛰어난 안료가 있었다. 유기안료 중에 아조(Azo) 안료와 프탈로시아닌(phthalocyanine)안료는 내광성이 무기안료 못지않게 좋았다. 토성안료인 갈색(ochre, sienna, umber)계통의 색들은 자외선에 견디는 내광성이 우수하였다. 일부 색에서는 자외선과 열에너지에 의해 물성의 형질변형이 일어났다. 본 연구는 작품 제작에 대한 색채 계획을 할 때 작품 제작 의도와 목적에 적합한 색 재료를 선택하여 사용할 수 있도록 안료 특성에 따라 색을 구분하고, 물성 형질변형에 대한 문제 해결 방법을 제안하였다. 그러므로 색 재료의 특성과 변색 정도를 인지하고, 선택하여 사용함으로 색채변화로 인한 문화적 가치손실과 경제적 손실이 발생하지 않도록 미연에 방지하는데 큰 의미가 있다. 또한 작품 복원 과정에서 합리적인 색조합의 조색에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Contemporary art led to the emergence of new art forms along with increased use of diverse art materials. Among them, use of oil color increased fast, replacing the fresco and tempera which were used mostly prior to the 15th Century. Use of oil color is widespread today. However, the reality is that the artworks that were produced amidst this art history trend, need restoration since their color changes due to ultraviolet rays. Damage and loss of value result due to the use of merely superficial colors or due to the failure to recognize the different color preservation capabilities of organic and inorganic pigments. In particular, when colors with different material features are mixed together, this essentially means that colors that does not change for a long time gets mixed with the colors that change easily. As such, colors that change easily disappear, leaving behind artworks with completely different colors. This research’s experiment is a light stability experiment that studies the effect of ultraviolet rays on oil color(Organic․Inorganic Pigment). Value of the light stability data that was quantified after subjecting to colorimetric measurement using spectrophotometer was indicated into Munsell H V/C value and CIE L*a*b* value. Experiment demonstrates that the light stability of the inorganic pigment is superior to that of the organic pigment. Meanwhile, Cadmium and Cobalt pigment did not manifest light stability change both in the case of single color and mixed colors. Even when mixed together with white color with low pigment content, ultraviolet ray-resistance is superb. However, some among the inorganic pigments included pigments with weak light stability. On the contrary, there were pigments among the organic pigments with outstanding light stability. Azo and Phthalocyanine pigments among the organic pigments offered light stability that is comparable to that of the inorganic pigments. Colors of the Ochre, Sienna and Umber classes that are earthen pigments offer superb light stability that resist ultraviolet rays. Moreover, experiment demonstrates that the change in physical properties resulted from ultraviolet rays and heat energy. This study presented solution measures for the change in the physical properties' forms and enabled classification of colors depending on pigment features to facilitate selection and use of color materials that suit the purpose of artwork production when selecting colors for artwork. Thus, this research is meaningful since it can help to prevent loss of cultural and economic values caused by damage by helping to recognize the features of color materials and degree of color change as well as enduring discriminate selection. Moreover, this is expected to help mixing colors rationally during artwork restoration process.

Oil Color의 자외선에 의한 내광성과 색채변화에 관한 연구

이헌형(Hun-hyung Lee),박연선(Yon-sun Park) 한국색채학회 2013 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.27 No.3

근·현대미술은 새로운 미술사조의 등장과 함께 다양한 미술재료의 확산을 가져왔다. 그 중에 오일컬러(oil color)는 15세기 이후 종전에 주로 사용했던 프레스코화와 템페라화를 급속도로 대체하여 작품에 사용되었으며 현대에 이르기까지 광범위하게 사용하고 있다. 그런데 이러한 미술사적 흐름 속에서 제작되었던 예술작품들은 자외선에 의해 색채변화가 일어나거나 퇴색되어 많은 작품들이 복원의 길을 걷는 것이 현 실정이다. 표면적인 색만을 인지하고 사용하였거나 유기안료와 무기안료의 서로 다른 색채보존능력에 대한 간과로 재해 및 가치 손실이 발생하고 있다. 특히 서로 다른 재료적 특성을 가진 색을 혼합했을 때 오랜 세월동안 변치 않는 색과 빠르게 변하는 색이 섞여 있어 처음 의도된 작품의 표현색이 사라지고 완전히 다른 색채의 작품이 되는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 본 실험 연구에서는 자외선에 의한 오일컬러(organic?inorganic pigment)의 내광성을 실험하고, 측색한 정량화된 내광성 데이터를 Munsell H V/C 값과 CIE L*a*b* 값으로 제시 하였다. 오일컬러에 대한 내광성 실험결과 대부분의 무기안료가 유기안료보다 내광성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 카드뮴(cadmium)과 코발트(cobalt) 안료는 단독 및 혼색 내광성에서도 변화가 없었으며, 안료 함량을 낮게 하는 화이트와의 혼색에서도 자외선에 견디는 내구성이 뛰어났다. 그러나 무기안료 중에 일부는 내광성이 약한 안료가 있었으며, 반대로 유기안료 중에 내광성이 뛰어난 안료가 있었다. 유기안료 중에 아조(Azo) 안료와 프탈로시아닌(phthalocyanine)안료는 내광성이 무기안료 못지않게 좋았다. 토성안료인 갈색(ochre, sienna, umber)계통의 색들은 자외선에 견디는 내광성이 우수하였다. 일부 색에서는 자외선과 열에너지에 의해 물성의 형질변형이 일어났다. 본 연구는 작품 제작에 대한 색채 계획을 할 때 작품 제작 의도와 목적에 적합한 색 재료를 선택하여 사용할 수 있도록 안료 특성에 따라 색을 구분하고, 물성 형질변형에 대한 문제 해결 방법을 제안하였다. 그러므로 색 재료의 특성과 변색 정도를 인지하고, 선택하여 사용함으로 색채변화로 인한 문화적 가치손실과 경제적 손실이 발생하지 않도록 미연에 방지하는데 큰 의미가 있다. 또한 작품 복원 과정에서 합리적인 색조합의 조색에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Contemporary art led to the emergence of new art forms along with increased use of diverse art materials. Among them, use of oil color increased fast, replacing the fresco and tempera which were used mostly prior to the 15th Century. Use of oil color is widespread today. However, the reality is that the artworks that were produced amidst this art history trend, need restoration since their color changes due to ultraviolet rays. Damage and loss of value result due to the use of merely superficial colors or due to the failure to recognize the different color preservation capabilities of organic and inorganic pigments. In particular, when colors with different material features are mixed together, this essentially means that colors that does not change for a long time gets mixed with the colors that change easily. As such, colors that change easily disappear, leaving behind artworks with completely different colors. This research’s experiment is a light stability experiment that studies the effect of ultraviolet rays on oil color(Organic?Inorganic Pigment). Value of the light stability data that was quantified after subjecting to colorimetric measurement using spectrophotometer was indicated into Munsell H V/C value and CIE L*a*b* value. Experiment demonstrates that the light stability of the inorganic pigment is superior to that of the organic pigment. Meanwhile, Cadmium and Cobalt pigment did not manifest light stability change both in the case of single color and mixed colors. Even when mixed together with white color with low pigment content, ultraviolet ray-resistance is superb. However, some among the inorganic pigments included pigments with weak light stability. On the contrary, there were pigments among the organic pigments with outstanding light stability. Azo and Phthalocyanine pigments among the organic pigments offered light stability that is comparable to that of the inorganic pigments. Colors of the Ochre, Sienna and Umber classes that are earthen pigments offer superb light stability that resist ultraviolet rays. Moreover, experiment demonstrates that the change in physical properties resulted from ultraviolet rays and heat energy. This study presented solution measures for the change in the physical properties" forms and enabled classification of colors depending on pigment features to facilitate selection and use of color materials that suit the purpose of artwork production when selecting colors for artwork. Thus, this research is meaningful since it can help to prevent loss of cultural and economic values caused by damage by helping to recognize the features of color materials and degree of color change as well as enduring discriminate selection. Moreover, this is expected to help mixing colors rationally during artwork restoration process.

식용색소에 의한 CEROMER 수복물의 색안정성

정유진,임주환,조인호,임헌송,Jeong Yu-Jin,Lim Ju-Hwan,Cho In-Ho,Lim Heon-Song 대한치과보철학회 2003 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.41 No.2

Statement of problem : Ceramic and composite resin have been used to fulfill the demand for esthetic prosthesis. However, ceramic is easy to break and wears off the opposite natural teeth. Conventional composite resin also has low abrasive resistance and color stability. Ceramic Optimized Polymer (ceromer) was developed in mid-1990s to overcome the shortfalls of ceramic and composite resin. Ceromer has similar abrasiveness with the natural tooth and has relatively high strength. Color stability affects esthetics and long-term prognosis of the prosthesis. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare color stability of ceromers(2 types : $Artglass^{(R)}$. $Targis^{(R)}$) with ceramics ($Vintage^{(R)}$-polishing, $Vintage^{(R)}$-glazing). Material and Method : The color difference(${\Delta}E^*$) was measured by spectrophotometer with different immersion time. Twenty disks, 3mm in thickness and 10mm in diameter, were fabricated for each specimen in shade A2(Vita Lumin shade guide), Specimens (5 samples in each group) were immersed in the food colorants (Red no.3. Yellow no.4, Blue no.1, Distilled water) for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours respectively. $L^*,\;a^*$ and $b^*$ value were measured with spectrophotometer (CM 503i : Minolta Co., Japan) and mean ${\Delta}E^*$ value was calculated for statistical analysis Results : The results of this study were obtained as follows. 1. The ${\Delta}E^*$ values of all test samples increased with the time of immersion. 2. The ${\Delta}E^*$ values of all materials increased in order of Distilled Water, Yellow no.4, Blue no.1 and fed no.3. There was significant difference between Red no.3 and the other food colorants(p<0.05). 3. The ${\Delta}E^*$ values increased in order of $Vintage^{(R)}$-glazing, $Vintage^{(R)}$-polishing. $Artglass^{(R)}$ and $Targis^{(R)}$. There was significant difference between $Vintage^{(R)}$-glazing and the other materials (p<0.05). Conclusion : By means of the above results, immersion time was found to be a critical factor for color stability of ceromer. For the long-term color stability of prosthesis it is recommended patients having ceromer prosthesis ($Artglass^{(R)},\;Targis^{(R)}$) to reduce the habitual intake of Red no.3 colorants con taming foods.

Effects of different curing methods on the color stability of composite resins

Pisano Massimo,Iandolo Alfredo,Abdellatif Dina,Chiacchio Andrea,Galdi Marzio,Martina Stefano 대한치과보존학회 2024 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.49 No.4

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different polymerization strategies and the effectiveness of finishing and polishing procedures of composite resins on color stability. Materials and Methods The samples were divided into 4 main groups according to the polymerization strategy, and all groups except the control group received surface treatment. Each group was subsequently divided into 3 subgroups respectively: Kuraray Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Classic, Premium and Universal. Approximately 24 hours after preparation of the samples, they were immersed for 7 days in a coffee solution. A first color measurement was performed after the preparation of the samples, the second measurement was performed after 7 days in the coffee solution. All measurements were carried out using a dental spectrophotometer to assess the CIE L* a* b* color parameters. Results There was a statistically significant difference between ΔE values for different procedures (p = 0.003); in particular, the differences were found only between the groups that received surface treatment and the control group. In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed between the values of ΔE for different composites in the different procedure groups. Conclusions Spectrophotometric analysis showed that the additional photopolymerization and oxygen inhibition procedures did not yield better results in relation to color stability. In addition, finishing and polishing provided better color stability compared to not performing these procedures. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different polymerization strategies and the effectiveness of finishing and polishing procedures of composite resins on color stability. Materials and Methods The samples were divided into 4 main groups according to the polymerization strategy, and all groups except the control group received surface treatment. Each group was subsequently divided into 3 subgroups respectively: Kuraray Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Classic, Premium and Universal. Approximately 24 hours after preparation of the samples, they were immersed for 7 days in a coffee solution. A first color measurement was performed after the preparation of the samples, the second measurement was performed after 7 days in the coffee solution. All measurements were carried out using a dental spectrophotometer to assess the CIE L* a* b* color parameters. Results There was a statistically significant difference between ΔE values for different procedures (p = 0.003); in particular, the differences were found only between the groups that received surface treatment and the control group. In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed between the values of ΔE for different composites in the different procedure groups. Conclusions Spectrophotometric analysis showed that the additional photopolymerization and oxygen inhibition procedures did not yield better results in relation to color stability. In addition, finishing and polishing provided better color stability compared to not performing these procedures.

Color stability of thermochromic pigment in maxillofacial silicone

Mimmi Tolvanen,Lippo V.J. Lassila,Pekka K. Valittu,Rosita Kantola 대한치과보철학회 2013 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.5 No.2

PURPOSE Maxillofacial silicone elastomer is usually colored intrinsically with color pigments to match skin colors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the color stability of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer, colored with a thermochromic, color changing pigment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disc-shaped maxillofacial silicone specimens were prepared and divided into 3 groups: a conventionally colored control group, one group additionally colored with 0.2 wt% thermochromic pigment , and one group with 0.6 wt% thermochromic pigment. Half of the surface of each specimen was covered with an aluminium foil. All of the specimens were exposed to UV radiation in 6 hour cycles over 46 days. In between the UV exposures, half of the specimens were stored in darkness, at room temperature, and the other half was stored in an incubator, at a humidity of 97% and a temperature of +37℃. Color measurements were made with a spectrophotometer and registered according to the CIELAB L*a*b* color model system. The changes in L*, a* and b* values during artificial aging were statistically analyzed by using paired samples t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. P-values <.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The UV exposure resulted in visually noticeable and statistically significant color changes in the L*, a* and b* values in both of the test groups containing thermochromic pigment. Storage in the incubator lead to statistically significant color changes in the a* and b* values of the specimens containing thermochromic pigment, compared to those stored at room temperature. CONCLUSION The specimens containing thermochromic pigment were very sensitive to UV radiation, and the thermochromic pigment is not suitable, as such, to be used in maxillofacial prostheses.

Color stability of thermochromic pigment in maxillofacial silicone

Kantola, Rosita,Lassila, Lippo V.J.,Tolvanen, Mimmi,Valittu, Pekka K. The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2013 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.5 No.2

PURPOSE. Maxillofacial silicone elastomer is usually colored intrinsically with color pigments to match skin colors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the color stability of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer, colored with a thermochromic, color changing pigment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Disc-shaped maxillofacial silicone specimens were prepared and divided into 3 groups: a conventionally colored control group, one group additionally colored with 0.2 wt% thermochromic pigment, and one group with 0.6 wt% thermochromic pigment. Half of the surface of each specimen was covered with an aluminium foil. All of the specimens were exposed to UV radiation in 6 hour cycles over 46 days. In between the UV exposures, half of the specimens were stored in darkness, at room temperature, and the other half was stored in an incubator, at a humidity of 97% and a temperature of $+37^{\circ}C$. Color measurements were made with a spectrophotometer and registered according to the CIELAB $L^*a^*b^*$ color model system. The changes in $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values during artificial aging were statistically analyzed by using paired samples t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. P-values <.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS. The UV exposure resulted in visually noticeable and statistically significant color changes in the $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values in both of the test groups containing thermochromic pigment. Storage in the incubator lead to statistically significant color changes in the $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of the specimens containing thermochromic pigment, compared to those stored at room temperature. CONCLUSION. The specimens containing thermochromic pigment were very sensitive to UV radiation, and the thermochromic pigment is not suitable, as such, to be used in maxillofacial prostheses.

Physical properties and color stability of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins

So-Yeon Song,Kyoung-Soo Kim,Jeong-Yol Lee,Sang-Wan Shin 대한치과보철학회 2019 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.11 No.1

PURPOSE.The purpose of this study was to compare mechanical and physical properties of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In this study, six commercially available products (VA; Valplast, LC; Lucitone, ST; Smiltone, ES; Estheshot-Bright, AC; Acrytone, WE; Weldenz) were selected from four types of thermoplastic denture base materials (Polyamide, Polyester, Acrylic resin and Polypropylene). The flexural properties and shore D hardness have been investigated and water sorption and solubility, and color stability have evaluated. RESULTS. For the flexural modulus value, ES showed the highest value and WE showed significantly lower value than all other groups (P<.05). Most of experimental groups showed weak color stability beyond the clinically acceptable range. CONCLUSION. Within the limits of this study, thermoplastic denture base resin did not show sufficient modulus to function as a denture base. In addition, all resins showed discoloration with clinical significance, and especially polyamides showed the lowest color stability. [ J Adv Prosthodont 2019;11:32-40] PURPOSE.The purpose of this study was to compare mechanical and physical properties of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In this study, six commercially available products (VA; Valplast, LC; Lucitone, ST; Smiltone, ES; Estheshot-Bright, AC; Acrytone, WE; Weldenz) were selected from four types of thermoplastic denture base materials (Polyamide, Polyester, Acrylic resin and Polypropylene). The flexural properties and shore D hardness have been investigated and water sorption and solubility, and color stability have evaluated. RESULTS. For the flexural modulus value, ES showed the highest value and WE showed significantly lower value than all other groups (P<.05). Most of experimental groups showed weak color stability beyond the clinically acceptable range. CONCLUSION. Within the limits of this study, thermoplastic denture base resin did not show sufficient modulus to function as a denture base. In addition, all resins showed discoloration with clinical significance, and especially polyamides showed the lowest color stability. [ J Adv Prosthodont 2019;11:32-40]

컬러테라피를 활용한 색채 디자인 수업이 고등학교 1학년 학생들의 스트레스 및 정서안정에 미치는 영향

이예슬,김효정 한국초등미술교육학회 2021 미술교육연구논총 Vol.65 No.-

본 연구는 컬러테라피를 활용한 색채 디자인 수업이 고등학교 1학년 학생들의 스트레스 및 정서안정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 탐구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 연구주제에 대한 문헌적 고찰 및 사전수업 관심도 분석을 바탕으로 컬러테라피 를 활용한 색채 디자인 수업 프로그램을 구상하였으며 고등학교 1학년 학생들을 대상으로 양적 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 대상은 산청군에 소재한 S고등학교 1학년 114명을 선정하여 총 6차시의 온라인 미술 수업으로 이루어졌다. 수업의 효과성을 입증하기 위해 사용된 검사지는 타당도 및 신뢰도를 검증한 한국판 청소년용 지각된 스트레스 척도(KPSS-A-10)와 윤영채(2007)가 수정ㆍ보완 및 검증한 정서안정 검사 지를 사용하여 스트레스와 정서안정 및 각 하위요인에 본 수업이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 사전·사후 검사로 나누어 진행되었으며 사후에는 수업 만족도 설문조사가 함께 진행되었다. 해당 검사는 SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science) Ver 26.0 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 전산통계 처리하였다. 수업을 통해 수집한 학생들의 작품 결과물은 수업 만족도 설문조사와 함께 종합적으로 분석하여 학습자들의 스트레스와 정서안정 변화를 측정하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 컬러 테라피를 활용한 색채 디자인 수업이 고등학교 1학년의 스트레스 및 정서안정에 긍 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다. 더불어 컬러테라피와 색채 수업, 미술 관심도 또한 높아졌다. 더 나아가 학생들은 본 수업 내용을 일상에 적용하여 앞으로의 생활에 유용하게 활용하고 실천할 수 있을 것이다. The topic of this study is to find out how color design classes applied with color therapy activities affect stress and emotional stability for first graders in high school. The sequence of studies first proceeds with theoretical considerations to propose how to introduce color therapy in color design classes. And analyzes color areas within experimental school textbooks and organizes them specifically based on theory. carried out quantitative research. The subjects of the study were five classes of first graders in S high school located in Sancheong-gun, with a total of 114 learners participating in the research class. The comparison of pre- and postactivities stress and emotional stability of the group is verified by their respective pre- and post-examinations. The research and inspection tools are: the stress test paper revision of Yoon Jung-mi (2019) as well as the corrected emotional stability test paper of Yoon Young-chae (2007). Statistical analysis is statistically processed using the SPSS Ver 26.0 statistical program. In addition, we will proceed with the assessment of the results of the class, we look at images of how teenagers' stress and emotions are expressed. The results of this study are summarized as follows. The stress and emotional stability test scores of a single group have postmortem statistically higher significant indices, which verify that color design classes applied together with color therapy are effective for high school 1st grade stress and emotional stability. In the future, I hope that will be actively study to provide various color education that can help teenagers relieve stress and stabilize their emotions.

치자의 염색 지속력과 모발 손상 보호 효과

문재원 ( Jae Won Moon ),이복자 ( Bok Ja Lee ) 한국미용학회 2014 한국미용학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS is known as one of natural colorants. In this study, hair coloring effect, hair coloring stability and hair damage in hair relating to the number of times hair was shampooed with Gardenia Fructus were investigated. Untreated hair was collected and divided in 6 hair shafts. Hair coloring change, thickness, tensile strength and thickness of cuticles were measured and observed over the course of 60 shampoos. As a result, visual observation of coloring changes, before shampooing, GF-I (Gardenia Fructus acid treatment), GF-II (Gardenia Fructus alkali treatment) were bright yellow. Och (oxidizing hair color treatment) red-madderlake, and Hch (henna acid treatment) was red-brown. Gardenia Fructus was yellow under pH conditions, and, after 60 shampoos, thecolor of the dyed hair darkened slightly. After 60 shampoos, hair thickness decreased in the order of Och, GF-II, bleached hair, GF-I,Hch, and untreated hair. After 60 shampoos, tensile strength decreased in the order of GF-II, bleached hair, Hch, Och, GF-I, and untreated hair. After 60 shampoos, cuticle thickness decreased in the order of GF-II, Och, bleached hair, GF-I, Hch, and untreated hair. In conclusion, natural hair colorants such as Gardenia Fructus have a coating effect and caused less hair damage than oxidizing colorants. Gardenia Fructus treatment has greater possibility in use as a natural colorant in that it colors without the need for mordant colorants.

Effect of powder-liquid ratios and powder colors on color stability of 4-META / MMA-TBB resin after immersion in coffee

최유리나,장서진,박수정 대한치과재료학회 2018 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.45 No.3

The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) / methyl methacrylate (MMA) & tri-n-butylborane (TBB) resin with different powder-liquid (P/L) ratios and powder colors after immersion in coffee. Experimental groups (Bondfill SB) were classified by the P/L ratio (0.8:1 / 1:1 / 1.2:1, weight [wt] %) and color of the powder (light / medium). Light-cured resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT flowable) was used as a control group. Each disk-shaped specimen of 7 groups (n = 8 for color difference, n = 10 for translucency parameter [TP]) was immersed in a staining solution of coffee for 4 weeks. The color of the specimen was measured at the time of baseline, 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks with a spectrophotometer. The color difference (ΔE) and changes in translucency parameter (ΔTP) were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Independent t-test was applied to evaluate the effect on the colors of the powder (α = 0.05). The values of color difference (ΔE) of the experimental groups were within the clinically acceptable threshold (ΔE < 3.3), whereas control group showed values over 3.3 after 1 week of immersion. The values of TP ranged from 9.58 to 13.28. The differences of TP (ΔTP) between baseline and 4 weeks were less than 1.0, except in the control group. Conclusively, self-cured resin composite showed excellent color stability in coffee for the period of this study regardless of different P/L ratios and powder colors.