[한국 근대Ⅰ] 전근대-근대의 연속적 이해와 동아시아라는 시각

배항섭(Bae, Hang-Seob) 역사학회 2014 역사학보 Vol.0 No.223

This paper tries to examine the works presented between 2012~2013 based on “the continuous understanding of premodern-modern” and “East Asian perspective”. As regards to the continuous understanding of premodern-modern, it is very significant to approach in a way that pursuit the relativization of “a developing view of the history or the value of Eurocentrism and perspective of Modernocentrism”. Because premodern and modern has been understood in a disconnected way in non-western history based on Eurocentrism·Modernocentrism, also the perspective that connect the “inheritance of premodern” to modern has been closed. In the past when the phenomenon in western modern period can be found Joseon Dynasty, it was easily to be defined as “premodern” as it was happened before “western impact” or the acceptance of west in academia of Korean history. This is a result of combination of Eurocentrism and Modernocentrism. As regards to East Asian perspective, it is necessary to have a very clear critical mind of what and how can be newly looked over. It could also be understood in a transnational correlation as the process of building the modern nation-states has a close relation to the modern Empire. Or it could be a history method which form East Asian history by exploring combination of tradition and modern, universal and individual in post-modern context. However, it is only possible to get a progressive comprehension in an argument that based on more clear critical mind and point of view.

『테스』와 「무녀도」에 나타난 ‘민속성’과 ‘전근대성’ 비교 연구

조은정,이영달 현대영미어문학회 2021 현대영미어문학 Vol.39 No.1

This paper aims to examine similar features in Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Kim Dong-ri’s “Muneyodo” focusing on the themes of folkways and premodernity. The fact that the two authors introduced the lower-class people or subaltern as a tragic protagonist is significant in both the history of English and Korean literature. This study explores the way the two authors present the decline and fall of tradition and premodernity in the social transformation during modernization. This study draws attention to Hardy’s and Kim Dong-ri’s interest in folkways by exploring their literary texts. In the life of Mohwa the shaman in “Muneyodo,” Kim Dong-ri presents shamanism, which he connects to Korean ancient faith. Unlike previous studies on Hellenic Paganism in Tess, this study traces some features of Celtic Druidism or British primitive religion paganism such as The May-Day dance and the visit to Stonehenge in Tess. This study interprets Tess as a narrative symbolizing the ritual of the primitive Celtic religion from the perspective of folklore. In the introduction of the work, The May-Day dance, where Tess is in a pure white dress and has a red ribbon on her head, implies that she is destined to be a sacrifice at the Stonehenge Altar, which appears at the end of the story. .

한국 패러디 소설의 새로운 가능성 -이순원의 「말을 찾아서」와 김영하의 『아랑은 왜』를 중심으로

이승준 ( Lee Seung-jun ) 국제어문학회 2007 국제어문 Vol.40 No.-

This thesis is written to study on two Korean Parody Novel, To find the horse by Lee Sun-won and Why Arang by Kim Yeong-ha. To find the horse parodied About time when buckwheat flower by Lee Hyo-seok. To find the horse is the by-text of About time when buckwheat flower. `The donkey\The mule` of `To find the horse \About time when buckwheat flower` means `Father\ a male cousin of one`s father` each other. The oedipal relation of About time when buckwheat flower has disappeared in To find the horse. Therefore To find the horse becomes the universal humanism story. Why Arang parodied The legend of Arang. Why Arang parodied The legend of Arang by the multiplex stratum. There are various by-text in Why Arang. `The legend of Arang\Why Arang` means `modern \premodern` and `the legend\the novel`. Therefore Why Arang shows the created process of the legend and the novel. Why Arang has constructed multiplex-stratum meanings through self-reflexivity of the literature. The parody can be creative genre in spite of the imitative side.

전통춤 연구의 새로운 관점을 위한 시론(試論) -전근대 음악적 사고를 중심으로

박성호 ( Seong Ho Park ) 대한무용학회 2008 대한무용학회논문집 Vol.55 No.-

A Korean traditional dance in present day follows a characteristic of a premodern period. However, the starting point of recognizing a problem is that in truth, it shows the blending with the feature of modern times. The reason to this phenomenon is thought to be the lack of understanding on a premodern Korean traditional dance that has been sidetracked by the modern dance or some new dances today. Therefore, by analyzing the features of premodern dances, we intend to dig up the origin of its own characteristics. Its characteristics is based on the ideology of art and music, which has to do with Confucian thinking(禮樂思想, ye-ak-sa-sang), and can be found in a synthesized and unified art form(樂歌舞一體, ak-ga-mu-il-chae) of a traditional play, where we sing along with the conductor. That is the reason why, as a primary method, we research on the relationships between the dance and the spirit, the concept of a play, and the concept of music to look if a premodern dance has some connection with its surroundings. Then, we examine some unique opinions related to the dance that is being discussed by modern researchers, and see how they`re different in making the dance in the past and at what point does it show different characteristics. First, of all the art forms related to premodern dances, the aroused concept was a “musical thinking in a premodern way.” Art in premodern age, the music was thought of as a big frame that unites the whole play. It did not stop as a concept of only accompanying the dance but as a thing that put the whole system of dance together. On the other hand, recent researchers are approaching the traditional dance with more diversified perspective. However, we can see that as this dance proceeded to modern age, the “musical thinking in a premodern way” is being diluted and yet they are in progress of the research without realizing it. This is definite that current traditional dance belongs to the present, and as the time goes by, it would change. However, we had our own unique time called the modern age and we should keep in mind that time before modern age and after it, fundamental distinction will be accepted from a lot of part, so we should think of the traditional dance the same way. Then we could finally distinguish the change in a current traditional dance from the past to the present more accurately and thoughtfully. At the bottom of forming a traditional dance, this manuscript emphasizes the importance of “musical thinking in a premodern way” through these researches and provide a new perspective. This will eventually grant a new way of looking at the study of traditional dance. In the study of a traditional dance, granting a perspective of a “musical thinking in a premodern way” would provide the basic idea of a rightful inheritance of a tradition to a traditional dance in present day. Also, it might help to pave the way for a new creation.

고전문학의 연구 · 교육 · 활용과 창의

김종철 ( Kim Jong-cheol ) 서울대학교 국어교육과 2020 선청어문 Vol.47 No.-

There is a close relation between research, education, and use of Korean premodern literature. And these three realms pursuit creativity. Recently the use of Korean premodern literature becomes a pending question in the academic world due to the rise of cultural industries and the crisis of the humanities. Accordingly researchers try to turn the results of research to cultural contents. But, for the long run, the education of Korean premodern literature plays key in succession and creative use of Korean premodern literature. Because the basis of reception and creative use of Korean premodern literature is the masses who learned Korean premodern literature in secondary school and college. Therefore the pivotal point is that how make learners experience the value and usefulness deeply and impressively in the class of Korean premodern literature.

신소설 말뭉치와 깜짝새 프로그램 활용을 통한 최근세국어 문법의 연구 방안

김남돈(Kim Nam-Don) 국어국문학회 2006 국어국문학 Vol.- No.143

This study have two kinds of aims. The first aim is to establish the corpus of New novels which are behalf of the materials and to design the scheme of study in order to lay the features of grammar in premodern era. The second is to clarify the meaning and value of the corpus of new novels to the respect of the study on premodern Korean and history of Korean. The new novels are the materials on behalf of Korean in premodern era because these has been published extremely much and read widely. The new novels, also are colloquial style and show various and plentiful context as themselves. Thus we can clarify the features of premodern Korean through the new novels to the consideration of phonetics and morphology and syntax. Through this study, we established new novels' corpus of words phrases to the amount of 470,000, and in addition of these 110,000. This study, also, established specific corpus of postpositions and ending suffixes after using HALIGN and KWOC programs in order to find grammatical features of Korean in premodern era, extracted each postposition and ending suffix using the Kamchaksae program, next step, integrate lists of postpositions and ending suffix before finding frequency on the whole lists, finally tried to measuring study on the corpus of new novels. The results of this study include six meaningful meanings. The first, this study we can make us to escape from limitation of the amount. The second, we can establish the index of examples of new novels through the corpus and materials which have been secured. The third, the researcher can study on the basis of these materials as the footing and groundwork. The fourth, the postpositions and ending suffixes can be used as materials to study grammatical phenomena such as tense and aspect. These can be the basic materials for developing analytical technique of morphemes automatically. The sixth, can be used as the important data to re-estimate the existing study on Korean in the premodern era.

韓國의 近代 西洋印刷術 流入의 影響에 관한 硏究

현영아 한국서지학회 2007 서지학연구 Vol.36 No.-

『세계사』교과서 일본사 관련 서술의 현황과 전망-전근대사 서술을 중심으로-

정순일 한일관계사학회 2017 한일관계사연구 Vol.58 No.-

이 글에서는 현행 고등학교 『세계사』 교과서 4종의 내용체계를 비교 분석하고, 일본 전근대사 서술에 보이는 특징을 검토하였다. 나아가 최근 고시된 ‘2015 개정 교육과정’ 및 교과서 집필기준을 살펴봄으로써 새롭게 간행될 교과서에서 일본사 서술이 어떤 방향으로 변화하게 될 것인지, 혹은 어떻게 변화해야 할 것인지 전망하였다. 아울러 제도적・정책적으로 뒷받침되어야 할 사안에 대해서도 제언하였다. 현행 교육과정에서는 ‘지역 세계’ 및 ‘교류와 교역’이 중시되어, 결과적으로 일본 전근대사 서술이 연대기적으로 맥락 있게 이루어지는 것이 아니라 각 단원에 일부분씩 분산되는 형태를 띠게 되었다. 내용 분석을 통해서는, 4종 교과서가 저마다 특징 있는 서술을 하고 있음이 확인되었다. 한편, 오개념과 애매모호한 설명이 적지 않게 보였다. 시대별 특성을 드러내지 못하는 제목의 설정도 문제시된다고 할 수 있다. 현행 고등학교 『세계사』교과서에서는 ‘문화 수용자’로서의 일본 이미지가 부각되고 있다. 그러나, 모든 문화 요소가 일방향으로만 흐른다는 이해는 오히려 ‘비역사적’으로, 문화와 문물의 쌍방향적 혹은 다자적 이동에 주목해야 할 것이다. 또한, 4종 교과서 모두에서 일본사가 동아시아라는 제한된 무대를 넘어 광역 세계 속에서 전개되었음을 확인할 수 있는데, 이것은 교육학적 활용이 기대되는 부분으로 평가된다. 새롭게 발표된 ‘2015 교육과정’의 핵심은 학습 부담의 경감을 위해 학습 내용을 대폭 줄이기로 했다는 것이다. 그러나 일본사에 한정해서 본다면, 관련 성취기준 내지 학습요소가 감소한 것이 아니기 때문에 앞으로 간행될 교과서에서도 서술 분량이 줄어들지는 않을 것으로 전망된다. 현행 교과서의 일본 전근대사 관련 기술이 흩어져 있었던 데 대해, 새로운 교육과정에 의한 교과서에서는 내용이 상대적으로 일목요연하게 배치될 것으로 보여, 학습자의 입장에서는 오히려 일본역사의 시계열적인 흐름을 파악하기 쉬워졌다는 평가도 가능하다. 한국적 현실을 감안하면, 일본 전근대사 서술이 현행 교과서 수준보다 구체화・체계화될 것이라 보기는 힘들다. 중요한 것은 한정된 ‘재료’(교과서)를 가지고 어떻게 ‘요리’(교육)를 할 것인가이다. 보다 나은 일본사 교육을 위해서는 우선적으로 교사 대상 연수(재교육)의 실시가 절실히 요구된다. 그 이외의 정책적・제도적인 개선도 뒤따라야 할 것이다. 아울러, 교사-학생들이 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 ‘질 좋은’ 개설서, 참고서의 활발한 집필도 병행되어야 한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the content system of four types of World History textbooks currently used in high schools comparatively and to examine the characteristics of descriptions of Japanese premodern history. Moreover, by examining the "2015 Revised National Curriculum" recently made public and the criteria of writing textbooks, this author studies how the descriptions of Japanese history will be changed or should be changed in newly published textbooks. Furthermore, this study suggests what needs to be supported institutionally as well as politically. The current curriculum stresses "The Regional World" and "Exchange and Trade." As a result, Japanese premodern history is not described within the context of a chronicle format, but is dispersed in different units. According to a content analysis, four different types of textbooks describe Japanese premodern history distinctly from each other. Meanwhile, there are not a few misconceptions or ambiguous explanations found. The title, which fails to capture the essence of a certain period, is also problematic. The current high school "World History" textbooks highlight Japan's image as "a culture receiver." But it is rather "unhistorical" to understand that all the elements of culture move in the same direction, thus we should also take note of either two-way or multilateral movements of culture and civilization. Also, all of these four types of textbooks describe the history of Japan as having developed not within the limited stage of East Asia but in the vast world. This is evaluated as having potential for pedagogical use. The core of the 2015 Curriculum, which was newly released, is to reduce learning content quite much in order to lessen the burden of learning. But if we examine only the history of Japan, we can see that neither the criteria of achievement nor the related elements of learning are reduced. Therefore, the textbooks to be published subsequently are also expected to maintain the amount of description. In the current textbooks, descriptions of Japan's premodern history are scattered. According to the new curriculum, the textbooks will arrange the contents rather more systematically. This can be evaluated from the position of learners. It will be easier to follow the flow of Japanese history by periods. Considering the current situation in Korea, we can hardly expect that descriptions of Japan's premodern history will become more concretized or systematized than in the current textbooks. What is important is how we should "cook" (teach) with limited "ingredients" (textbooks). To teach the history of Japan better, it is absolutely and preferentially necessary to train (retrain) teachers. Aside from that, political and institutional improvement should come next. Furthermore, it is necessary to write "quality" introductions and reference books which teachers and students can both use easily.

근세 일본 여성 지식인의 대외관과 자기인식 - 다다노 마쿠즈(只野真葛)를 중심으로 -

박은영 한국일본사상사학회 2019 일본사상 Vol.0 No.36

지금까지 일본 근세 여성에 대한 연구는 이른바 ‘암흑시대’ 속에서 여성이 얼마나 억압된 존재였는지를 밝히거나, 또는 이 시기의 돌출한 여성들을 발굴하여 시대적 한계를 초월한 여성으로 평가하는 연구가 주를 이루었다. 이것은 근세 여성사 연구가 당시 가부장제적 사회 질서와 여성을 이항대립적인 관계로 설정하고, 여성의 억압과 소외의 원인이 가부장적 ‘이에’제도에 있다는 가족사 방면의 연구를 중심으로 한 유교의 질곡으로부터의 해방이라는 관점이 중요한 축을 이루고 있는 것에 기인한다. 본고에서 검토하는 다다노 마쿠즈(只野真葛, 1763-1825)에 대한 연구도 이러한 맥락에서 이루어졌다. 마쿠즈의 대표적인 저서 히토리칸가에(独考)를 들어 사회의 공적 영역에 대한 문제를 제기한 그를 적극적으로 평가했다. 그런데 마쿠즈가 공적 영역에 대한 문제를 제기하는데 그치지 않고, 그것을 ‘자기인식’의 근거로 삼았다는 점에 대해서는 주목되지 않았다. 여기서는 18세기말 19세기 초라는 시기를 살았던 여성 지식인으로서 마쿠즈의 대외관과 자기인식을 살펴보고 ‘역사 속의 여성’의 실상을 재해석하고자 한다. 이를 통해 마쿠즈의 행위성과 그의 개인적 의식의 실체를 파악할 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다. Studies of women’s history in the premodern period were mainly conducted within two major frames – shedding light on the systematic contradictions of the premodern time from a modern perspective, or dismantling the premodern system coupled with the emancipation of women. This issue originates from the fact that studies on women’s history in premodern Japan put Confucianism and women in a binary relationship; that past studies maintained that the cause of women’s social isolation stems from the patriarchal ‘ie’ system based on family history studies; and because the perspective of emancipation from the Confucian authority was a crucial pillar in previous research. In view of this, this study looks into the live of Tadano Makuzu(1763-1825), female intellectual who lived between the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century in Japan. It analyzes the foreign view and self-perception of Tadano Makuzu. It was very rare in the premodern time for women to record their thoughts or ideas in written form. The study attempts to widen the spectrum of possible interpretations of premodern woman by investigating the identity of woman as intellectual, based on the notion that she acquired knowledge and actively sought to present it from a female perspective. Finally, the investigation reinterprets the reality of ‘women in history’ from the perspective of gender history.

활자본 고전소설의 유형에 대한 연구

최호석(Choi, Ho-suk) 우리문학회 2013 우리文學硏究 Vol.0 No.38

본고에서는 활자본 고전소설의 유형을 분류하는 데에 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 활자본 고전소설의 개념을 다시 살펴보고 시간과 공간이라는 두 개의 축에 ‘젼근대/근대’, ‘한국/외국’의 지표를 가지고 활자본 고전소설의 유형을 분류한 뒤 각각의 특징을 살펴보았다. 먼저 활자본 고전소설은 20세기 초에 연활자 인쇄를 활용하여 단행본으로 출판된 것으로, 그 내용은 국내외의 고전소설과 그것의 개작, 고전이나 역사에서 유래한 서사적 이야기를 담고 있는 책이라고 정의하였다. 그리고 활자본 고전소설의 유형을 가름하는 기준으로 시간과 공간을 설정하였다. 이때 시간의 축은 전근대와 근대로 구성하고, 공간의 축은 한국과 외국으로 구성하였다. 이와 같은 시간과 공간의 축에 전근대와 근대, 한국과 외국으로 나눈 좌표에 활자본 고전소설을 배치하여 다음과 같은 4개의 유형으로 나누었다. 제1유형은 ‘전근대’ 시기에 ‘한국’에서 창작된 작품을 말한다. 즉 제1유형의 작품은 전근대 시기에 우리 민족이 창작한 작품으로, 여기에 속하는 작품으로는 〈구운몽〉, 〈홍길동전〉등을 들 수 있다. 제2유형은 ‘근대’에 들어 ‘한국’에서 창작된 작품을 말한다. 제2유형의 작품으로는 전래의 고전소설의 개작이나 파생작, 이 시기 들어 새롭게 등장할 역사 전기물과 실기류, 의고적 취향으로 고전소설을 모방하여 창작된 신작 구소설 등을 들 수 있다. 제3유형은 ‘전근대’ 시기에 국내로 들어온 ‘외국’의 작품을 말한다. 이에 속하는 작품으로는 〈삼국지연의〉나 〈수호지〉와 같이 외국에서 창작되어 전근대 시기부터 국내에서 번역, 번안된 작품을 들 수 있다. 제4유형은 ‘근대’에 국내로 들어온 ‘외국’의 작품을 말한다. 이에 속하는 작품으로는 〈쌍미기봉〉이나 〈제갈량전〉과 같이 외국에서 창작되어 국내에서 번역, 번안된 작품을 들 수 있다. This study reexamined the concept of ‘print-edited classical novels’ that could encompass various natures of each novel. And the study looked into characteristics by types after classifying the print-edited classical novels focusing on the internal order related to their formations. First of all, this study defined that the printed-edited classical novels were published in book form by utilizing lead letterpress in the beginning of the 20th century, and contents contained domestic and foreign classical novels, their adaptations together with narrative stories transmitted from classics or history. And the study set up time and space as standards of dividing types of print-edited classical novels. At that time, the axis of time composed of premodern and modern times, and special axis home and foreign countries. When arranging print-edited novels to coordinates in which premodern and modern times, in and out of the countly to the time and special axis, following 4 types became to appear. The first type indicates the work that were created ‘at home’ in ‘premodern period.’ That is, the first type work are corresponded to created artworks created by our nation at premodern period, and 〈The cloud dream of the nine/九雲夢〉 and 〈Hong gildong biography/洪吉童傳〉 are belonged to these forms. The second type stands for the created work ‘at home’ from ‘modern times.’ The second type were related to created works after adapting transmitted classical novels or imitating them with pseudoclassical tastes, and 〈Gang Nam-hong/江南紅〉 and 〈Good Kongiui and Bad Patjui〉 can be applicable to such forms. The third type points out the work came from foreign countries in ‘premodern period.’ Regarding to belonged artworks, there are translated or adapted works in the country from premodern period after having been created in foreign countries like 〈The Romance of the Three Kingdoms/三國志演義〉 and 〈All Men Are Brothers/水滸誌〉. The fourth type designates ‘the overseas work’ that entered to Korea in ‘modern times.’ In relation with the corresponding work, translated or adapted artworks after being created in foreign countries can be uttered like 〈Sang-mi-gi-bong/雙美奇逢〉 and 〈Jegallyang-jeon/諸葛亮傳〉.