발열성 물질시험과 세균 내독소 시험의 비교 연구

이유경(Yoo Kyoung Lee),강윤숙(Yoon Sook Kang),백선영(Sun Young Baek),김용관(Yong Kwan Kim),신광훈(Kwang Hoon Shin),민홍기(Hong Ki Min) 대한약학회 1999 약학회지 Vol.43 No.5

To survey the possibility of replacing the pyrogen test with Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test and to find out a standard methods suitable to our blood products made in Korea, 100 samples of 20% human serum albumin were tested by commercial LAL test kits and results of those were compared with rabbit pyrogen test. The LAL test is used both kinetic-chromogenically and kinetic- turbidimetrically. Both methods equally showed broad detection range (5.0~0.005EU/ml), excellent sensitivity (>/-0.005EU/ml) and predominant recovery rate within valid dilution range, but kinetic-turbidimetric method seemed to be more reproducible than kinetic-chromogenic method(kinetic-chromogenic method : S.D.=15.88, kinetic-turbidimetric method : S.D.=8.12). After heating the sample at 75oC for 15min, the results showed a little elevated recovery rate with both methods. After performing the test on 100 albumin samples with both kits, the results were analysed using the USP stadard (1.33EU/ml). 7% of samples in kinetic-chromogenic methods and 1% of samples in kinetic-turbidimetric method exceeded the limit of endotoxin levels regulated for blood products in USA. Because this phenomenon was not observed in both methods at the same time and both methods have high sensitivity (>/-0.005EU/ml), these results seemed to depend on non-specific reaction. Considering its sensitivity and reproducibility, we could assure that LAL test is proper to detecting pyrogenic with good sensitivity.

Determination of thermal decomposition kinetics of low grade coal employing thermogravimetric analysis

Prakash Parthasarathy,최항석,황재규,박훈채 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.6

The decomposition kinetics of low grade coals was studied and compared with the kinetics of higher grade coals using thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of atmospheres (air, O2 and N2) on coal decomposition kinetics was also investigated. Experiments were carried out under non-isothermal conditions from room temperature to 950 oC at a heating rate of 10 oC/min. Three kinetic models--multiple linear regression equation, unreacted shrinking core and continuous reaction--were used to determine the kinetic parameters of coal decomposition. From the kinetic parameters determined through the multiple linear regression equation, coal type and the atmosphere had an effect on coal decomposition kinetics. Also, there was some variation in the kinetic parameters of coal decomposition determined by the chosen kinetic models. However, the model employing multiple linear regressions yielded consistent results with respect to theoretical background. Under air, the order of the secondary decomposition of coal samples was found to be 0.88, 1.33, 1.69 and 1.52 for samples A, B, C and D, respectively. The order of the secondary decomposition of coal samples when operated under O2 was 1.09, 1.45, 2.36 and 1.81 for samples A, B, C and D, respectively. Under N2, the order of the secondary decomposition of coal samples was 0.72, 0.79, 1.15 and 1.02 for samples A, B, C and D, respectively.

Modified Two-Compartment First-Order Kinetic Model (MTCFOKM)을 이용한 퇴적물에 대한 Ibuprofen의 빠른 및 느린 수착의 동력학 해석

오상화 ( Sang Hwa Oh ) 한국수처리학회 2015 한국수처리학회지 Vol.23 No.5

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroideal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used as a pain reliever and therefore, has been frequently detected in rivers, lakes and even their sediments. However, few data have been available for the fate of ibuprofen in the water/sediment compartment despite its high pKow (=3.5). This study focused on the dynamic sorption of ibuprofen onto sediment at pH 4 and 0 and 30 ppt (part per thousand) of salinity. Experimental data were fitted to several kinetic models such as one-site mass transfer model (OSMTM), pseudo-first order kinetic model (PFOKM), pseudo-second order kinetic model (PSOKM), two compartment first order kinetic model (TCFOKM), and modified two compartment first order kinetic model (MTCFOKM). The MTCFOKM was the best in fitting sorption data (R2 > 0.991 and 0.985 at 0 and 30 ppt salinity, respectively). The MTCFOKM can fit the data into the fast and slow sorption kinetics. The results show that the fast sorption of ibuprofen finished within 1 day, whereas the slow sorption finished between 10 and 100 days. Salinity increases the sorbed amount of ibuprofen (qe) and affects also the finish time for the fast and slow sorption. The increase in salinity decreased the finish time for the fast sorption whereas increased it for the slow sorption.

Kinetic deuterium isotope effects for 7-alkoxycoumarin <i>O</i>-dealkylation reactions catalyzed by human cytochromes P450 and in liver microsomes

Kim, Keon-Hee,Isin, Emre M.,Yun, Chul-Ho,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Guengerich, F. BLACKWELL 2006 Vol. No.

<P>7-Ethoxy (OEt) coumarin has been used as a model substrate in many cytochrome P450 (P450) studies, including the use of kinetic isotope effects to probe facets of P450 kinetics. P450s 1A2 and 2E1 are known to be the major catalysts of 7-OEt coumarin <I>O</I>-deethylation in human liver microsomes. Human P450 1A2 also catalyzed 3-hydroxylation of 7-methoxy (OMe) coumarin at appreciable rates but P450 2E1 did not. Intramolecular kinetic isotope effects were used as estimates of the intrinsic kinetic deuterium isotope effects for both 7-OMe and 7-OEt coumarin dealkylation reactions. The apparent intrinsic isotope effect for P450 1A2 (9.4 for <I>O</I>-demethylation, 6.1 for <I>O</I>-deethylation) showed little attenuation in other competitive and noncompetitive experiments. With P450 2E1, the intrinsic isotope effect (9.6 for <I>O</I>-demethylation, 6.1 for <I>O</I>-deethylation) was attenuated in the noncompetitive intermolecular experiments. High noncompetitive intermolecular kinetic isotope effects were seen for 7-OEt coumarin <I>O</I>-deethylation in a baculovirus-based microsomal system and five samples of human liver microsomes (7.3–8.1 for <I>O</I>-deethylation), consistent with the view that P450 1A2 is the most efficient P450 catalyzing this reaction in human liver microsomes and indicating that the C-H bond-breaking step makes a major contribution to the rate of this P450 (1A2) reaction. Thus, the rate-limiting step appears to be the chemistry of the breaking of this bond by the activated iron-oxygen complex, as opposed to steps involved in the generation of the reactive complex. The conclusion about the rate-limiting step applies to all of the systems studied with this model P450 1A2 reaction including human liver microsomes, the most physiologically relevant.</P>

KINETIC STUDY OF DENITRIFICATION AND NITRIFICATION PROCESS FOR SUDOKWON LANDFILL SITE LEACHATE

( Young-shin Bae ),( Jong-choul Won ),( Wan Namkoong ),( Cho-hee Yoon ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the kinetic parameters of biological nitrification and denitrification for SUDOKWON Landfill Site leachate containing high concentration of ammonium nitrogen. The bench- scale MLE(ModifIed Ludack Ettinger) process was employed for this purpose. Sludge retention time(SRT) was changed from 100 days to 20 days. The removal rates of NH₄⁺ -N increased linearly up to 0.33 kgNH₄⁺ - N/m³/day of NH₄⁺ -N loading rate. Removal efficiencies of NH₄⁺ -N and T-N were 97.3% and 76.5%, respectively. Similar results were obtained for BOD and COD_Cr, removal efficiencies 99.6% and 88.7%, respectively. From the results, it was found that the effect of NH₄⁺ -N and COD_Cr concentrations on denitrification and nitrification kinetics have could be described by Monod kinetics. Kinetic coefficients by using these equations for nitrogen removal were determined as Yn = 0.95 gVSS·gNH₄⁺ -N^-1, K_dn = 0.024 day^-1, and for carboneous COD_Cr removal determined with Yc = 0.235 gVSS·gCOD_Cr^-1 and K_dc = 0.032 day^-1.

Kinetic modeling of CO₂ adsorption on an amine-functionalized solid sorbent

Jung, Wonho,Park, Junhyung,Lee, Kwang Soon Elsevier 2018 Chemical engineering science Vol.177 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A kinetic model of CO<SUB>2</SUB> adsorption on an amine-functionalized silica sorbent, 0.37EB-PEI, was proposed by using experimental data from a miniature isothermal fixed bed reactor system called Autochem. Breakthrough curve tests were conducted at different CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentrations and different temperatures to acquire experimental data under adsorption-dominant conditions. Additionally, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were carried out for different CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentrations with different starting temperatures to investigate the desorption kinetics. A modified Langmuir kinetic equation was found to provide a satisfactory representation of the adsorption-dominant experimental data, including the long tails. A separate kinetic model was proposed to express the desorption-dominant TPD data. The dynamic effects of the empty volume in the Autochem device on the experimental measurements were rigorously handled through separate empty-volume dynamic tests.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A kinetic model for CO<SUB>2</SUB> adsorption on a PEI-functionalized sorbent is studied. </LI> <LI> An Autochem® reactor system was used to obtain experimental data. </LI> <LI> Long-tails in adsorption breakthrough curves could be accurately represented. </LI> <LI> Desorption patterns of the sorbent could be accurately represented. </LI> </UL> </P>

견갑골 안정화 Kinetic chain 운동이 대학 야구선수의 견갑골운동장애와 기능적 내회전 관절가동범위에 미치는 영향

송기재,김상훈 한국스포츠학회 2020 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 8주간의 견갑골 안정화 Kinetic-chain 운동이 견갑골 운동장애를 진단받은 대학 야구선수들의 SICK scapular rating scale과 기능적 내회전 관절가동범위에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 집단 간 차이를 규명하기 위해 반복측정을 통한 일원변량 분석을 실시하였으며, 집단 간 사전값의 차이가 있을 경우 공변량 분석을 실시하였다. 이때 모든 통계의 유의수준은 p < .05로 설정하였다. SICK scapular rating scale 검사결과 객관적 통증, 주관적 통증, 외전된 비정상적 위치 그리고 전체점수에서 시기 간 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 견갑골 하각의 비정상적 위치, 외측전위된 비정상적 위치는 시기 간, 집단 간, 시기×집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 기능적 내회전 관절가동범위 검사인 TUB의 결과 Normal 집단이 다른 집단에 비해 시기 간 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 중재 후 진행된 사후 측정결과 집단 간 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 미루어볼 때 견갑골 안정화 Kinetic-chain운동은 오버헤드 동작을 하는 야구선수의 견갑골 운동장애 개선과 기능적 내회전 관절가동범위의 회복에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of scapular stabilize kinetic-chain exercise during 8 weeks on SICK scapular rating scale, inversion ROM in collegiate baseball players diagnosed with scapular dyskinesis through a clinical examination. Differences between groups after exercise intervention were analyzed using One-way ANOVA with repeated measures. ANCOVA analysis was used in case if significances were observed between groups in pre-data. All statistical significance was set as p < .05. The results are as follows. First, SICK scapular rating scale showed significant difference between time in objective subjective pain, malposition abduction and in Total score index. There was a significant difference between time, group and time×group in malposition infera and in malposition lateral protraction. Second, TUB, Normal group increased significantly compared to other groups between time. And significant difference between group in post. Based on our results, it might be that scapular stabilize kinetic-chain exercise has a positive effect on improvement of Scapular dyskinesis, functional internal rotation ROM in baseball players with scapular dyskinesis.

Thermogravimetric characteristics and pyrolysis kinetics of Alga Sagarssum sp. biomass

Kim, S.S.,Ly, H.V.,Kim, J.,Choi, J.H.,Woo, H.C. Elsevier Applied Science 2013 Bioresource technology Vol.139 No.-

Alga Sagarssum sp. can be converted to bio-oil, gas, and char through pyrolysis. In this study, the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of Sagarssum sp. were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer and tubing reactor, respectively. Sagarssum sp. decomposed below 550<SUP>o</SUP>C, but the majority of materials decomposed between 200 and 350<SUP>o</SUP>C at heating rates of 5-20<SUP>o</SUP>C/min. The apparent activation energy increased from 183.53 to 505.57kJmol<SUP>-1</SUP> with increasing pyrolysis conversion. The kinetic parameters of Sagarssum sp. pyrolysis were determined using nonlinear least-squares regression of the experimental data, assuming second-order kinetics. The proposed lumped kinetic model represented the experimental results well and the kinetic rate constants suggested a predominant pyrolysis reaction pathway from Sagarssum sp. to bio-oil, rather than from Sagarssum sp. to gas. The kinetic rate constants indicated that the predominant reaction pathway was A (Sagarssum sp.) to B (bio-oil), rather than A (Sagarssum sp.) to C (gas; C<SUB>1</SUB>-C<SUB>4</SUB>).

The Effect of Group Art Therapy Program on Institutionalized Children's Self-concept Improvement

최은미 사단법인 미래융합기술연구학회 2018 아시아태평양융합연구교류논문지 Vol.4 No.3

This study aims to explore how group art therapy program influenced institutionalized children's self-concept. The subjects were five kindergarten children and group art therapy program was conducted once a week, a total of 8 sessions. Kinetic-House-Tree-Person-Drawing Test and Kinetic-School (kindergarten)-Drawing Test were conducted before and after group art therapy program. The results were as follows. First, their drawing Kinetic-House-Tree-Person Test showed a noticeable difference from the ones they drew beforehand. Compared to the previous picture in which the instability and weak control of the self was revealed, the following pictures harmonize and balance the house, tree, and person in proportion and form, it showed group art therapy improves the self-concept of a child. Second, post- Kinetic-School(kindergarten)-Drawing Test showed more interaction and dynamics between children than predrawing. Third, the children displayed more consideration and showed better cooperation. Therefore, group art therapy program was proved to be effective in improving children's self-concept.

Kinetics and Modeling for Extraction of Chrysin from Oroxylum indicum Seeds

Li Zhou,Ting Jing,Peipei Zhang,Liqin Zhang,Shaona Cai,Tingting Liu,Huihui Fan,Guangde Yang,Rong Lin,Jiye Zhang 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.6

Research on extraction of chrysin is crucial for theoretical purposes and for food industrial bioprocesses. Optimization and kinetics of chrysin extraction from seeds of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. were analyzed using agitated solid-liquid extractions with ethanol and water mixtures. The influence of extraction process parameters was investigated. Optimized conditions for chrysin extraction were a 0.2 mole fraction of ethanol as an extraction solvent, a temperature of 318 K, an agitation speed 1,400 rpm, and a solid to solvent ratio of 1:30. The extraction kinetic behavior of chrysin followed first order kinetics. The kinetic expression developed by Spiro and Siddique was used and the model was in agreement with experimental results. The diffusion coefficient ranged from 1.38×10−11 to 19.43×10−11 m2·s−1 and the activation energy for extraction kinetics was 21.85 kJ·mol−1.