직업능력개발훈련 교·강사의 자격연계형 마이크로 크리덴셜 적용 방안

양미석 ( Miseok Yang ),권오영 ( Ohyoung Kwon ),김우철 ( Woocheol Kim ) 한국실천공학교육학회 2023 실천공학교육논문지 Vol.15 No.1

This study was conducted to examine the remuneration curriculum of vocational ability development training teachers and instructors and to examine ways to apply micro credentials. To this end, the current status of the remuneration curriculum of vocational ability development training instructors and instructors at K University’s Competency Education Development Institute, the characteristics of micro credentials, and the possibility of linking the remuneration curriculum to micro credentials are as follows. First, most of the recognition of digital certificates was positive for digital certificates such as digital credit, digital badge issuance, and recognition of the recognized qualification process of maintenance education when completing the training course. In addition, as a method of applying micro credentials to conservative education, various cases were proposed to benefit from conservative education, systematization and grading of the qualification process, and credit of the qualification process. Second, as an institutional supplement to enhance the utilization of conservative education using micro credentials, the need to expand NCS-based major conservative education, provide efficient learning contents and learning methods, and set minimum completion time. In addition, the most common response as a way to improve the understanding of teachers and instructors in vocational ability development training was the micro credential promotion plan. Third, in the role of conservative education institutions and vocational ability development training instructors and instructors, conservative education institutions mention maintaining educational quality the most, and active participation was the role of vocational ability development training instructors. Through this study, it is expected to establish a vocational training environment that can enhance expertise and provide a practical portfolio of practical competency history by linking the remuneration curriculum of vocational competency development training instructors and micro credentials.

五代吏部選人文書初探

曾育榮(Zeng Yu-rong) 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2011 아시아연구 Vol.- No.13

五代시기, 吏部에서 6品 이하의 官員을 選任할 때는 대체적으로 庸代의 銓選제도를 답습하였다. 그러나 五代시기는 戰亂이 끊이지 않아 사회가 안정되지 않아 장기간 銓選제도가 규범화 되지 않았기 때문에 매우 혼탁하였다. 이와 같은 상황을 변화시키기 위해 後唐시기부터 各朝는 모두 여러 가지 조치를 취하여 吏部選人文書에 眞僞가 섞인 상황을 변화시키고자 하였다. 그 중 가장 중요한 조치의 하나가 吏部에서 選人文書에 대한 심사를 더욱 엄격히 하는 것이었다. 그래서 選人文書의 종류가 9種으로 늘어났고 이것은 唐代에 비해 훨씬 많아진 것이었다. 그 중에서도 選人의 기본적인 자질에 대한 자료가 매우 상세해졌다. 구체적으로 보면, 첫째, 초기 선택단계에서 選人이 제출해야 하는 문서는 네 가지가 있었다. ⓛ 解狀으로, 여기에는 選人의 출신, 3대의 가족상황, 鄕貫, 骨肉, 在朝親情, 年齒形貌, 考覈資序, 優劣課最, 罷職年月 등이 포함된 官員 개인 이력을 상세히 나타낸 문서였다. 매년 5월에는 選格科限에 부합하는 選人은 “銓狀”이라는 申請表를 써서 本郡 혹은 任所에 보내 府川 혹은 本司 장관이 吏部의 選格樣式에 따라 심사의견을 쓴 다음 다시 選人에게 주었다. ② 歷子로서, 이것은 吏部에서 官員이 역임할 때 주는 사인과 도장을 찍은 문서를 말하는데, 여기에는 관원이 上任하는 月日과 累任하는 月日 및 임기의 治積 등이 적혀있다. ③ 解由로서, 이것은 관원이 罷任될 때 각 지역 州府의 관리와 여러 司의 長官들이 제출하는 문서로서, 여기에는 罷任月日, 戶口增減과 세금 수금 액수 등이 적혀있다. ④ 考牒으로, 이것은 관원의 역대 考課 등급 기록으로서 관원이 일정시기 사업한 실적의 최종 평가결과이다. 둘째, 注判 단계에 選人이 제출해야할 문서에는 세 가지가 있다. ① 告身, 즉 吏部가 官員에게 수여하는 일종의 憑證으로서 後唐시기인 長興元年(930년) 5월에 시작하였다. 여기에는 選人이 銓司에게 제공한 告身, 注明하여 보관해야할 名銜, 選人의 三代情況, 有無出身, 歷任告敕, 逐任考數 등이 포함되어 있다. ② 告敕, 즉 官員의 위임장으로서 注判 전에 選人이 歷任告敕을 告身 내에 붙여서 吏部南曹에게 바쳐 審覈을 받는다. ③ 公憑, 이것은 選人이 문서를 분실 했을 때의 증명이거나, 州府의 長官이 冤案을 심리할 때 縣官이 작성한 증명이거나, 관련 기구에서 官員에게 보낸 減選증명이거나, 吏部 南曹가 選人이 바친 歷任사실을 나타내는 문서를 받고나서 떼어준 수거이다. 마지막으로 引驗 단계에서 銓司勘覈한 選人文書에는 두 종류가 있다. ① 家狀, 즉 選人의 郡縣鄕里, 父祖官名, 內外族姻, 年齒形式 등을 적은 家庭證明이다. ② 保狀, 즉 選人 상호간에 보증한 문서와 選人을 잘 아는 京官이 제출한 보증 문서이다. During the Five Dynasty, Ministry of Personnel still adopted the Tang Dynasty’s Personnel Selecting System for those official personnel whose positions were lower than Liuping position. However, as a result of the war affairs and the turbulent and unsafe social situation, the phenomena of forgery candidates and cheating in the selection were very common as the Personnel Selecting System was not supervised properly for a long period. Every Dynasty had taken some measures to punish and prevent such cheating behaviors in order to make the Personnel Selecting System step into the right path since the Later Tang Dynasty. Among those measures, the most significant one was to check Candidates’ testing paper in a more stringent process. The kinds of Selection Testing Paper had been increased to nine, which were much more than the number of Dang Dynasty. And it had required candidates to supply the detailed personal information. To put it more specifically, at the first phase of selection, a candidate should supply four types of credentials. ① Xiezhuang, it included political achievements, financial contribution to the government, and final evaluation during his term of office. For the personal information, it contained a candidate’s family status, his ancestor’s basic information, his off springs, and his relatives who were working in the government, personal image description, the job he had applied for, his advantages and disadvantages, and his resignation date. Every May, those qualified candidates would fill in the application forms, and then the leaders of the local government would give the comments in those forms. ② Lizi, it was a kind of credential, which was presented by the Ministry of Personnel. It contained the date when the candidate should proceed to take up one’s post and when he should leave the post. It also included the candidate’s historic achievements. ③ Jieyou, it was a kind of credential, which was given by the candidate’s higher-ups. The content still was about the candidate’s performing achievements during his term of office. ④ Kaodie, it was a kind of credential which was about the candidate’s historic testing records and working evalutions in his previous term of the office. Then, at the second phase of selection, the candidates should submit 3 types of credentials. They are specifically ① Gaoshen, a kind of certificate conferred by the Ministry of Official Personnel Affairs. Since the May of the first year of Changxing reign of Later Tang Dynasty, the Gaoshen submitted by the candidates to Quansi(the officials in charge of selection) should state clearly information such as the official title, the family condition within three generations, the social connections, and so forth. ② Gaochi, namely the credential of appointment. The candidate should submit Gaoshen with Gaochi of successive posts attached to Ministry of Official Affairs for examination and verification. ③ Gongping, the testimony for missing certificates or the testimony for grievance cases issued by the top officials of the prefecture or the receipt issued by the Ministry of the Official Affairs for receiving candidates’ documents of successive posts. Finally, two types of credentials should be submitted at the final phase of the selection: ① Jiangzhuang, the record of such family information as the predecessers’ officials titles, marriages within and beyond the clan and so forth. ② Baozhuang, the surety document presented by other candidates or the superior officials who are familiar the candidate.

明代 前期 外國 使節의 身分證明 方式과 國家間 體系

정동훈 명청사학회 2013 명청사연구 Vol.0 No.40

This paper basically examines the types of travel and identification documents for official foreign envoys at the Chinese borders and the principles of the international order that the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) tried to establish in East Asia. This research further defines and illustrates the term so-called ‘inter-state system’ in East Asia between the late fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries. After the foundation of the Ming dynasty, frequent visits of foreign delegations gradually became a political and financial burden to the Ming court. Consequently, the Chinese court decided to impose a strict sea blockade and allow only the official tributary envoys to set foot on Chinese soil. When the foreign envoys arrived at the border, they had to prove that they were officially sent by their country. There were several kinds of credentials used when they went through the entry procedure such as tally, part of official seal or documentation, called kamhap (勘合), to be matched with another part of the seal or document for authenticity (for envoys from Japan and Southeast Asia) or an imperial warrant, called kongch’ik (貢勅), issued by the Ming court (for envoys from Mongol and Jurchen tribal groups) or an official warrant, called ch’ach’a (差箚), issued by the Chosǒn court (for Korean envoys). There were only fifteen states which received the official identification kamhap from Ming China. The rulers of these foreign states also all commonly received a Chinese investiture. That is, the Ming court guaranteed the rulers of the selected neighboring states not only political authority but also economic interests by granting exclusive rights to monopolize trade with China. On the other hand, the rulers were obligated to control and intercept illegal diplomatic and trade activities within their territory. In other words, as the Ming court could not directly intervene in all of the neighboring regions, they selected some subordinate partner states and granted them a political and economic privilege, as well as a duty to maintain stable international order. Ming China accepted the diplomatic travel documents issued by the Chosǒn court unlike other foreign states. It was because China shared the same writing and document management systems with Korea. The Chosǒn also never pursued economic interests in their relationship with Ming China. Additionally, the Chosǒn court was strong enough to prevent any problem of diplomatic imposters (wisa, 僞使) and fabricate Chosǒn diplomatic credentials. More significantly, Chosǒn was seen as a model and ideal foreign state by Ming China based on these distinguishing points. Ming China wanted to establish the ‘states’ ruled by kings in their surrounding regions and admitted the selected polities—only in the form of state—as their negotiation partner. With a Chinese investiture and official travel and identification documents, the Ming granted the selected neighboring states exclusive rights and imposed duties on them at the same time in their relationship with China. After all, the Ming court and the rulers of such recognized foreign states could only become the main agents of negotiation between the states in East Asia. Ultimately, this paper brings the term ‘inter-state system’ to describe the characteristics of Ming China’s foreign relationship with neighboring states, as well as the uniqueness of the Chosǒn dynasty in the ‘inter-state system’ in East Asia. These are all the central propositions to which this paper is devoted.

정보보호 : 리눅스의 비정상 권한 획득 태스크의 탐지방법 연구

김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),유상현 ( Sang Hyun Yoo ),곽주현 ( Ju Hyun Kwak ),이창훈 ( Chang Hoon Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2014 정보처리학회논문지. 컴퓨터 및 통신시스템 Vol.3 No.11

The Purpose of local system attacks is to acquire administrator``s(root) privilege shell through the execution of the malicious program orchange the flow of the program. This acquiring shell through attack is still valid approach method and it is difficult to cope withimproving each of vulnerability because the attacker can select various forms of attack. Linux allocate a set of credentials when login, inorder to manage user permissions. Credentials were issued and managed by the kernel directly, and also the kernel ensures that anychange cannot be occurred outside of kernel. But, user``s credentials that acquired root privilege through system attacks occurs aphenomenon that does not remain consistent. In this paper we propose a security module to detect a security threats that may cause tousers and tasks by analysis user task execution and inconsistency credentials.

자격증명을 이용한 실시간 권한 상승 탐지 보안 모듈

심철준 ( Sim Chul Jun ),김원일 ( Kim Won Il ),김현정 ( Kim Hyun Jung ),이창훈 ( Lee Chang Hoon ) 한국정보처리학회 2017 정보처리학회논문지. 컴퓨터 및 통신시스템 Vol.6 No.5

In a Linux system, a user with malicious intent can acquire administrator privileges through attack types that execute shells, and can leak important user information and install backdoor program. In order to solve this problem, the existing method is to analyze the causes of the elevation of privilege, fix the problems, and then patch the system. Recently, a method of detecting an illegal elevated tasks in which information inconsistency occurs through user credentials in real time has been studied. However, since this credential method uses uid and gid, illegal elevated tasks having the root credentials may not be detected. In this paper, we propose a security module that stores shell commands and paths executed with regular privileges in a table and compares them with every file accesses (open, close, read, write) that are executed to solve the case which cannot detect illegal elevated tasks have same credential.

Achieving Professional Credentials: South Korean Archaeology and University Degrees (1945–1979)

( Luis A Botella ),( Antonio J Doménech ) 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2017 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.30 No.1

The professionalization of archaeology is an understudied research topic in the history of South Korean archaeology. Literature on the subject has so far focused on the mechanisms that separate amateurs from professional archaeologists―in other words on the academic recognition and the credential system of the discipline. However, researchers have not considered the effect those mechanisms have on the social organization of the field. This paper claims that university degrees are not only important elements in the professionalization of archaeology, but also mechanisms of social organization within the field itself. The study of archaeological education and training in South Korea from 1945 to 1979 shows how academic education and degrees affected the subject, creating social networks and different positions in the field represented by different specializations within it. In order to study this process, this article focuses on Seoul National University’s Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, the first of its kind in South Korea.

디지털 배지와 문식성 교육의 통합

방상호 한국 리터러시 학회 2018 리터러시 연구 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study is to introduce digital badges and discuss the research findings on how digital badges play a transformative role in the educational system. This study also explores the possibility of integrating digital badges into literacy instruction by emulating a few leading practices. First, the functions of traditional and digital badges are compared and discussed. Although traditional badges have been used for various purposes, the use of digital badges is expanding and evolving, especially for educational purposes. Second, I discuss digital badges' potential to work as an innovative technology that can improve the current situation in terms of four educational functions: motivation, assessment, documentation and credentials. Finally, I argue that we need to improve the current state of literacy education by integrating digital badges as actively and effectively as possible. 이 글을 쓴 목적은 디지털 배지를 소개하고, 그것이 동기부여, 평가, 기록, 인증이라는 네 가지 교육 기능을 어떻게 담당하는지 관련 연구와 논의를 검토하며, 이를 바탕으로 디지털 배지를 읽기・쓰기 즉 문식성 교육과 어떻게 통합할 수 있는지, 그 가능성을 실제 사례를 통해 탐색해 보는 것이다. 이를 위해전통적 배지와 디지털 배지의 기능을 비교하여 살펴보았다. 전통적 배지도다양한 목적으로 활용되고 있지만, 디지털 배지의 쓰임새는 각종 테크놀로지의 도움으로 전통적 배지와는 비교할 수 없을 정도로 확장・진화하고 있음을설명하였다. 또한 디지털 배지가 동기부여, 평가, 기록 및 인증, 이 네 가지교육 기능 측면에서 전통적인 시스템을 무너뜨릴 수 있는 와해성 혁신으로작동할 수 있는 잠재력을 지니고 있음을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 디지털 배지를 문식성 교육 즉 읽기・쓰기 교육과 어떻게 통합할 수 있는지, 그 가능성을관련 논의와 실제 사례를 통해 탐색해 보았다.

행복은 성적 순이 아니잖아요?: 학력(학벌)의 비경제적 효과 추정

김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ) 한국경제학회 2016 경제학연구 Vol.64 No.1

The excessive hierarchy of colleges has generated the overheated competition for college entrance in South Korea. Many preceding studies discussed the effect of academic credentials on the labor market such as wage premium for graduates from prestigious universities, but few have conducted comprehensive research embracing their non-monetary effects. Using the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study (KLIPS) dataset, this study finds strong positive effects of academic backgrounds on both overall life and workplace satisfaction levels. The satisfaction effects are supported by the different experience of discrimination in employment, promotion and general social life according to different educational backgrounds. We also find that the effects are statistically significant even after controlling for one’s income and job type.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON MICRO-CREDENTIALS ENROLMENT: EMPIRICAL APPLICATION OF EXTENDED COM-B MODEL

Mina Cho,Zhiying Hou,Ian Phau 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2025 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2025 No.07

다중 VC 선택적 공개를 위한 실용적 통합 구조: SD-JWT와 VC 데이터 모델의 결합

김근형 한국멀티미디어학회 2025 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.28 No.11

This paper proposes a practical structure that integrates SD-JWT based selective disclosure into the W3C Verifiable Credential (VC) Data Model. The proposed structure preserves JSON-LD based compatibility. While the existing VC standard supports multiple credentials within a Verifiable Presentation (VP), it lacks native support for claim-level selective disclosure and hash-based verification. The JSON-LD structure also lacks a standardized way to represent SD-JWT-specific fields, such as _sd, disclosures, salt, and digest. This limitation restricts real-world applicability in multi-issuer scenarios. To address these challenges, we introduce a structural extension that embeds SD-JWT and disclosure information within the VC. We also propose a claimIssuerMap to maintain issuer–claim consistency. Through experiments using eight realistic disclosure combinations, we demonstrate that the proposed structure effectively enables claim-level privacy control and issuer-aware claim verification. It also supports presentation integration across multiple VCs. Our results show that this approach achieves both privacy preservation and structural efficiency, providing a deployable framework for privacy-centric digital identity systems.