에너지저장장치용 확장성 프로파일 검증 소프트웨어 복잡도 분석에 관한 연구

권혁영 ( Hyeokyoung Kwon ),류영수 ( Youngsu Ryu ),박재홍 ( Jaehong Park ),권기원 ( Kiwon Kwon ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.17 No.5

Recently, a study has been progressed about the energy storage system for resolving energy shortage problems in the world. The energy storage system can maximize energy storage system`s energy usage by monitoring and controlling about all energy infrastructures on energy network. However, compatibility problems among main components or devices of the energy storage system are obstacles to development of energy storage system products. An extensible profile and extensible profile verification software being able to verify the extensible profile have been required in order to resolve compatibility problems. In this paper, the study on complexity analysis for the extensible profile verification software for the energy storage system is performed. A XML based profile and C language structure based profile are used for analysis of the profile verification software. The complexity of complex verification structure that parses the XML based profile several times and simple verification structure that parses the C language structure based profile are analyzed and compared. Time complexity, space complexity, and cyclomatic complexity are used for complexity analysis. By using these complexity analysis, the study result that compares and analyzes the complexity of XML based and C language structure based profile verification software is presented.

복잡계 방법론의 철학적 논리

강성남(Kang, Seong Nam) 서울행정학회 2017 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.27 No.4

기계론적 사유체계는 사물 속에 내재한 인과율에 따라 정해진 궤적을 따라 움직이는 운동법칙에 의해 세계를 이해하고자 하는 뉴턴의 패러다임을 강화시켜왔다. 새로운 세계관을 이루는 존재론, 인식론 및 방법론은 유기체론에 입각한 복잡계적 사고를 떠받치는 요소다. 많은 구성요소로 이루어진 시스템에서 요소 간의 상호작용의 결과 나타나는 창발현상은 복잡계의 핵심적 특성이다. 종래의 기계적, 환원론적 사유체계에 의지하여 분리, 환원, 추상화 원칙을 강조했던 단순패러다임의 지식병리학은 심대한 부작용을 낳았다. 현상과 사건, 인간의 맥락과 총체성, 다차원성과 복합성, 현상에 개입하는 우연성을 제대로 읽어내지 못하는 과오를 범했다. 맹목적 지성의 추구는 오류의 결과다. 현상인식의 변증법 차원에서 제기된 복잡성 인식을 위한 사고와 방법들이 단순패러다임에 도전하고 있다. 이 논문은 복잡성에 대한 이해를 심화하기 위한 인식론과 더불어 방법론에 대한 철학적 논리를 탐구하고 있다. 유기체적 사유의 본원에 대한 동서양의 철학적 논의를 정리하면서 복잡성에 대한 지식의 일반화 가능성과 맥락 의존적 지식의 문제를 천착하고 있다. 아울러 복잡계 방법론의 철학적 논리의 맥락선상에서 행정학연구의 함의를 지적하고 있다. 복잡성 사고는 지식이 환경과의 관계에서 생겨난다는 인식을 토대로 상호작용성에 주목하고 그 결과에 대한 해석에 관심을 둔다. 그에 대한 유기체적 사유는 복잡성에 대한 지식형성에 일정한 관점과 분석 틀을 제시하고 있는 것이다. 복잡계 방법론의 철학적 논리에 따라 기존행정이론에 대해 다른 관점의 해석을 요구하고 있다. 행정학연구에서 지니는 가장 중요한 함의는 기존의 행정이론 생산양식의 한계에서 벗어나 새로운 이론생산양식으로의 이동을 꾀하는 학문적 실천을 촉구한다는 점에 있다. This study explores the logic and philosophical context of research methodology for complex system. This paper discusses the epistemology of simple paradigm and complexity paradigm as a starting point. I look at the core concepts of complex systems in order to understand the complex system paradigm. The implication of the philosophical logic of complex systems is presented. The mechanistic thought system strengthened Newton’s paradigm to understand the world by the laws of motion that move the trajectory set according to the causality inherent in the object. The ontology, epistemology, and methodology that make up the new world view are the elements that support complex ideas based on organicism. The emergence of interactions between elements in a system of many components is a key characteristic of complex systems. The pathology of knowledge by simple paradigm , which emphasized the principle of separation, reduction, and abstraction, relying on the conventional mechanical and reductionist thought system, has produced a serious side effect. They failed to properly understand the phenomena and events, human context and totality, multi-dimensionality and complexity, and the chance of intervening in the phenomenon. In this paper, I examine the philosophical logic of methodology as well as epistemology to deepen understanding of complexity. Along with the origin of the organic reason, I am also identifying the possibility of generalization of knowledge on complexity and the problem of context-dependent knowledge. Complexity thinking is based on the perception that knowledge arises in relation to the environment. Therefore, complexity thinking focuses attention on interactivity and interpretation of results. Organicistic thinking suggests a certain point of view and analysis framework for knowledge formation on complexity.

시스템 복잡도를 반영한 한국형 정비도 예측 방법론

권재언(Jae-Eon Kwon),허장욱(Jang-Wook Hur) 한국기계가공학회 2021 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.20 No.4

During the development of a weapon system, the concept of maintainability is used for quantitatively predicting and analyzing the maintenance time. However, owing to the complexity of a weapon system, the standard maintenance time predicted during the system’s development differs significantly from the measured time during the operation of the equipment after the system’s development. According to the analysis presented in this paper, the maintenance time can be predicted by considering the system’s complexity on the basis of the military specifications, and the procedure can be Part B of Procedure II and Method B of Procedure V. The maintenance work elements affected by the system complexity were identified by the analytic hierarchy process technique, and the system-complexity-reflecting weights of the maintenance work elements were calculated by the Delphi method, which involves expert surveys. Based on MIL-HDBK-470A and MIL-HDBK-472, it is going to present a Korean-style maintainability prediction method that reflects system complexity of weapons systems.

교육에서 복잡성 이론의 함의

배재학 ( Jae Hak Bae ) 한국교육철학회 2015 교육철학 Vol.55 No.-

The purpose of this paper explores the complexity theory as a philosophy of education is to look at the possibility of applying sought. In this paper I show how complexity theory has challenged the idea of representation and we explore possibilities for an alternative understanding of knowledge in its relationship to reality. The start of modern science in Europe, has been developed on the basis of mechanistic thinking. According to the Descartes, the operation of bodies, ranging from the grass that grows all the phenomena of the Universe can be expressed in exact formulas, and mathematics to indicate that a given phenomenon to check the analytical methodology is needed. The knowledge gained from the mechanistic view of the world predictions were possible for the unknown. Its core is determinism and reductionism. What is determinism, all that happens in the world can be changed from the beginning so determined and selected according to the laws of dynamics, so undoubtedly goes inevitably evolves. I considers questions of continuity and change in education from the perspective of complexity theory, introducing the field to educationists who might not be familiar with it. Given a significant degree of complexity in a particular environment (or dynamical system````), new properties and behaviours, which are not necessarily contained in the essence of the constituent elements or able to be predicted from a knowledge of initial conditions, will emerge. This turn derives from developments over the past two decades or so within physics, biology, mathematics, ecology, chemistry and economics, from the revival of neo-vitalism in social thought et a1.and from the emergence of a more general ````complex structure of feeling that challenges some everyday notions of social order. Within these scientific disciplines, an array of transformations took place, loosely known as chaos, complexity, non-linearity and dynamical systems analysis. There is a shift from reductionist analyses to those that involve the study of complex adaptive matter that shows ordering but which remains on the edge of chaos. Developed principally in the fields of physics, biology, chemistry and economics, complexity theory arises in some senses out of chaos theory, and before that, catastrophe theory, in that it shares chaos theory`s focus on the sensitivity of phenomena to initial conditions that may result in unexpected and apparently random subsequent properties and behaviours. Jones points out that the term <``complexity is frequently used in a manner which suggests that it is a unified concept, which may contribute to a neglect of tl1e range of different theories that deal with the implications of complexity. The concepts of complex systems include multi-scale hierarchical organisation, emergent patterning, agent-based modelling, dynamical tractors and repellors, information flows and constraints, system-environment interaction, developmental trajectories, selectional ratchets, fitness landscapes, interaction across timescales, and varieties of self-organisation. I suggests that the language, concepts and principles of complexity are central to the development of a new science of qualities to complement the science of quantities that has shaped our understanding of the physical and social worlds. Complexity offers a theoretical framework for acknowledging and helping to sustain the self-organising capacity of fully embodied systems that are realised through the intra- and inter-actions of agents within the boundary that those activities help to generate and sustain. For educators, complexity thinking points to structural conditions that one can implement to help students become aware of how self-consciousness does not precede or follow pedagogical encounters.

Congregation As a Complex System

Pan, Shin Hwan 한국실천신학회 2013 신학과 실천 Vol.0 No.37

Complexity theory is focused to describe the mechanism and process how to appear ongoing and critical changes both globally and locally through mobile connections. An individual has an impact on the globe while the global boom or bust has an influence on the individual in multiple ways. A local congregation can generate an impact on the globe while the global events determine the congregation in multiple ways. Complex systems include large number of parts, because complexity happens in interactions between huge numbers of subunits. It is the dynamical and diverse behavior generated from simple interactions between their parts. Complex systems are nonlinear dynamical systems with emergence, self-organization, feedback, and criticality. Congregations are complex systems in that individual members in a congregation are complex systems. They are self-organizing and evolving without clear boundaries. Their cannot be replicated through simplicity of linear models such as their senior pastors' leadership or locations. In complex systems pastors need understanding, openness, centeredness, and engagement. They can understand that congregations are complex systems. They accept and engage ongoing, multiple, and radical changes. And they need psychological flexibility and skills to enable their parishioners to change the rules of interactions among multiple agents. Therefore they enable their parishioners to enhance their own openness, flexible contact with the present moment, and valuing and committed actions.

복잡적응시스템으로서 학교의 존재론 및 인식론

심임섭 ( Im Sup Sim ),고진호 ( Jin Ho Ko ) 한국교육철학회 2015 교육철학 Vol.55 No.-

This study is about ontology and epistemology of learning system of school as complex adaptive system. Since early 20th century there are cognitions that many social or natural phenomena are seldom explained by linear causal relation. These cognitions have influenced educational researches and practices. So some peoples look school system as complex system. Research and practice around complexity education is short and humble. But the philosophy underlied in the complexity education is long and deep. The philosophy or discourse of complexity education is interobjectivity. In the ontological perspective of interobjectivity, the reality is composed of the virtual and the actual. There are virtual relationship among numerous agents compose the school as a complex adaptive system. And actual school or learning phenomena are the emergent system from the virtual. By the epistemological perspective of interobjectivity the world is brought forth by interaction of agents. Here the agents are also transformed in the process of bringing forth. And they bring forth another world different from the past. And agents make another world each other.

육군 차세대경계시스템의 효율적 운용방안 연구

신의수(Eui-Soo Shin),김태현(Tae-Hyun Kim),차지은(Ji-Eun Cha),한재경(Jae-Kyung Han) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2021 한국군사학논집 Vol.77 No.2

In this study, we discuss on the elements necessary for the successful introduction of "Advanced Surveillance System". The ROK.Army leads countless changes with「Defense Reform 2.0」. And introduction of scientific system is core discourse for the「Defense Reform 2.0」. The background of this change is the necessity of responding to the demands of the Revolution 4.0 and strengthening of the troops. So, the 「Defense Reform 2.0」 will transform the current personnel-based system to a high-tech based one. It is same for surveillance system. The paradigm of surveillance system is changed by introduction of "Scientific Surveillance System" and "Coastal Complex Surveillance System". However, the development of the operating system seems to be lagging behind that of the equipment. The introduction of "Scientific Surveillance System" and "Coastal Complex Surveillance System" change the surveillance operation from standing guard duty for one sector by two sentry to monitoring multiple sector by one CCTV control agent. But it is organized without considering the capacity of the agent that the number of screens monitored by one CCTV control agent. In this study, it was confirmed that the cause of the failure of surveillance operation is this problem in the last 5 years. Therefore, we can confirm that the development of the operating system-that is constructed by "Human resource", "Security regulations", "Security verification system"- is as important as the development of the equipment. so, we confirm the development direction of the operating system to efficiently operate the "Advanced Surveillance System".

비정형 빅데이터의 실시간 복합 이벤트 탐지를 위한 기법

이준희,백성하,이순조,배해영 대한공간정보학회 2012 Spatial Information Research Vol.20 No.5

Recently, due to the growth of social media and spread of smart-phone, the amount of data has considerably increased by full use of SNS (Social Network Service). According to it, the Big Data concept is come up and many researchers are seeking solutions to make the best use of big data. To maximize the creative value of the big data held by many companies, it is required to combine them with existing data. The physical and theoretical storage structures of data sources are so different that a system which can integrate and manage them is needed. In order to process big data, MapReduce is developed as a system which has advantages over processing data fast by distributed processing. However, it is difficult to construct and store a system for all key words. Due to the process of storage and search, it is to some extent difficult to do real-time processing. And it makes extra expenses to process complex event without structure of processing different data. In order to solve this problem, the existing Complex Event Processing System is supposed to be used. When it comes to complex event processing system, it gets data from different sources and combines them with each other to make it possible to do complex event processing that is useful for real-time processing specially in stream data. Nevertheless, unstructured data based on text of SNS and internet articles is managed as text type and there is a need to compare strings every time the query processing should be done. And it results in poor performance. Therefore, we try to make it possible to manage unstructured data and do query process fast in complex event processing system. And we extend the data complex function for giving theoretical schema of string. It is completed by changing the string key word into integer type with filtering which uses keyword set. In addition, by using the Complex Event Processing System and processing stream data at real-time of in-memory, we try to reduce the time of reading the query processing after it is stored in the disk. 최근 소셜 미디어의 발달과 스마트폰의 확산으로 SNS(Social Network Service)가 활성화가 되면서 데이터양이 폭발적으로 증가하였다. 이에 맞춰 빅데이터 개념이 새롭게 대두되었으며, 빅데이터를 활용하기 위한 많은 방안이 연구되고 있다. 여러 기업이 보유한 빅데이터의 가치창출을 극대화하기 위해 기존 데이터와의 융합이 필요하며, 물리적, 논리적 저장구조가 다른 이기종 데이터 소스를 통합하고 관리하기 위한 시스템이 필요하다. 빅데이터를 처리하기 위한 시스템인 맵리듀스는 분산처리를 활용하여 빠른게 데이터를 처리한다는 이점이 있으나 모든 키워드에 대해 시스템을 구축하여 저장 및 검색 등의 과정을 거치므로 실시간 처리에 어려움이 따른다. 또한, 이기종 데이터를 처리하는 구조가 없어 복합 이벤트를 처리하는데 추가 비용이 발생할 수 있다. 이를 해결하는 방안으로 기존에 연구된 복합 이벤트 처리 시스템을 활용하여 실시간 복합 이벤트 탐지를 위한 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 복합 이벤트 처리 시스템은 서로 다른 이기종 데이터 소스로부터 각각의 데이터들을 통합하고 이벤트들의 조합이 가능하며 스트림 데이터를 즉시 처리할 수 있어 실시간 처리에 유용하다. 그러나 SNS, 인터넷 기사 등 텍스트 기반의 비정형 데이터를 텍스트형으로 관리하고 있어 빅데이터에 대한 질의가 요청될 때마다 문자열 비교를 해야 하므로 성능저하가 발생할 여지가 있다. 따라서 복합 이벤트 처리 시스템에서 비정형 데이터를 관리하고 질의처리가 가능하도록 문자열의 논리적 스키마를 부여하고 데이터 통합 기능을 제안한다. 그리고 키워드 셋을 이용한 필터링 기능으로 문자열의 키워드를 정수형으로 변환함으로써 반복적인 비교 연산을 줄인다. 또한, 복합 이벤트 처리 시스템을 활용하면 인 메모리(In-memory)에서 실시간 스트림 데이터를 처리함으로써 디스크에 저장하고 불러들이는 시간을 줄여 성능 향상을 가져온다.

복잡계 이론을 적용한 2022 대입제도 개편 정책결정과정 분석

이영신 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.21

Objectives This study attempted to analyze the policy-making process of reorganizing the 2022 college admission system by applying the perspective of complex system theory and derive implications. Methods To this end, the analysis framework was devised by reviewing complex system theories and concepts, and the literature on the policy-making process of reorganizing the 2022 college admission system was analyzed, and the characteristics of the complex system were examined by dividing the policy-making process into four stages. Results As a result of the analysis, the Ministry of Education's reform plan for the 2021 school year due to the launch of the government led to nonlinearity, which is an unstable situation of deferring the reorganization of the college entrance examination. Through the critical point of transferring the reform plan to the newly established National Education Council, the result of public debate, deliberation and feedback through various interactions were repeated, and a new order, the reform plan for the 2022 college entrance examination system, was announced. Since then, a new, partially self-organized order has emerged as a way to strengthen fairness in the college entrance system. Conclusions The 2022 college entrance system reform policy decision process showed the characteristics and processes of the complex system, and suggested the need for continuous management of feedback and feedback for future policy development.

지하수정호 결합 복합지열시스템의 시범운영 효과분석

송재용 ( Jae-yong Song ),김기준 ( Ki-joon Kim ),이근춘 ( Geun-chun Lee ),정교철 ( Gyo-cheol Jeong ) 대한지질공학회 2018 지질공학 Vol.28 No.3

This study evaluates geothermal system efficiency in terms of input power and heat exchange volume on the heat-source and load sides, by applying a combined open-closed type loop system comprising a geothermal system and a groundwater well to a cultivation site. In addition, this study analyzes the effects of heating and cooling for a complex geothermal system, by evaluating the temperatures of an external site and a cultivation site during operation. During cooling operations the heat exchange volume on the heat source side, average 90.0kW/h for an open type system with an input of 235L/minute groundwater, and 40.1kW/h for a closed type system with an input of 85L/minute circulating water, for a total average heat exchange volume of 130.1kW/h. The actual heat exchange volume delivered on the load side averages 110.4kW/h. The average EER by analysis of the geothermal system's cooling efficiency is 5.63. During heating operation analysis, the heat exchange volume on the heat source side, average 60.4kW/h in an open type system with an input of 266L/minute groundwater, and 22.4kW/h in closed type system with an input of 86L/minute circulating water, for a total average heat exchange volume of 82.9kW/h. The actual heat exchange volume delivered on the load side averages 112.0kW/h in our analysis. The average COP determined by analysis of the geothermal system's heating efficiency is 3.92. Aa a result of the tradeoff between the outside temperature and the inside temperature of the production facility and comparing the facility design with a combined well and open-closed loops geothermal(CWG) system, we determine that the 30RT-volume CWG system temperature are lower by 3.4°C, 6.8°C, 10.1°C and 13.4°C for ouside temperature is of 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C, respectively. Based on these results, a summer cooling effect of about 10°C is expected relative to a facility without a CWG system as the outside temperature is generally ≥ 30°C. Our results suggest that a complex geothermal system provides improvement under a variety of conditions even when heating conditions in winter are considered. Thus It is expected that the heating-cooling tradeoffs of complex geothermal system are improved by using water screen.