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만재흘수선 : Plimsoll mark인가 Hall mark인가?
김성준 ( Kim S. June ) 영국사학회 2021 영국연구 Vol.45 No.-
The ‘load line’, which marks the maximum allowable loading of cargo on a ship, is today called the ‘Plimsoll mark’. This is to commemorate Plimsoll’s contributions in leading the campaign for enacting the load line in the 1870s. However, prior to Plimsoll’s movement, James Hall, a shipowner of Tynemouth, led the petition for the introduction of the load line, and had provided Plimsoll with the information and data on the load line. Considering these, some argue that the Plimsoll mark should be called ‘Hall mark’. This paper presents the real situation of shipping industry in the UK as the social background of the establishment of the load line in the mid-to-late 19th century(section II), and compares the activities of James Hall(section III) and Samuel Plimsoll(section IV), who took the lead in the movement to enact the load line. Section V evaluates whether it is appropriate to call the load line ‘the Plimsoll mark’. Hall’s social activities, such as the abolition of light due, the foundation of the Tribunal of Commerce, and the establishment of floating institution, were all closely related to his own business. It is more likely that Hall’s advocacy for the introduction of the load line was not purely philanthropist, but rather considered his interests as a shipowner and a director of marine insurance companies. In contrast, Plimsoll had no interest in shipping business. Although his way was somewhat rough and misleading the truth, he purely mourned the death of the sailors, sympathized with the families’ grief, and was angry with the immoral shipowners. It is true that the load line of 1875, which was enacted in accordance with Plimsoll’s agitation and campaign, was not what he wanted in that the shipowners could mark it as he wished, and it was flawed. However, it was ‘Plimsoll’s achievement’ in that it was the first in the history of modern shipping industry to enact the load line. In this respect, it is still valid to call the load line the ‘Plimsoll mark’.
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