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사단(四端)과 칠정(七情)의 소종래(所從來)에 대한 고봉(高峯)·퇴계(退溪)·율곡(栗谷)의 인식 비교
조첨첨 ( Zhao Tian Tian ) (사)율곡연구원 2019 율곡학연구 Vol.38 No.-
The distinction between the Four-Seven Debate is based on 'sojinglae (origin,source)' and 'soju (the main referred to). Toegye thinks the two are two kinds of emotion, because their 'sojinglae' are li and ki. Gobong thinks the two are one kind of emotion, because their 'sojinglae' are li. They all agreed on ‘sochuiion(different point of view about same thing)’ of the Four and the Seven. However, they had different opinions about 'sojinglae', which is the most important reason for their different theories. Although the questions of 'sojinglae' is the main issues of the four and seven, it has not gotten attention and systematic research so far. This issue in Yulgok and Ugye's Four-Seven Debate is rarely discussed, so this paper focuses on this.
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율곡학연구(栗谷學硏究)의 새로운 지평 및 신공동체(新共同體)의 모색
손흥철 ( Son Heung Chul ),박용석 ( Park Yong Suk ) (사)율곡연구원 2020 율곡학연구 Vol.43 No.-
In this paper, I seeked for new horizons of Yulgok(1536~1584) studies, and looked up the ideal to form a new community of future society in the 21st century in Yulgok's administration theory. For this purpose, I divided Yulgok's philosophy into two areas. The first was criticizing the tendency of study Yulgok's Neo-Confucianism and seeking new directions. As a researcher who has been studying Yulgok’s Neo-Confucianism, I believe that it is necessary to discard the dichotomous research trends of the existing Li(理)-centered(主理) and Qi(氣)-centered(主氣), and to cease the excessive attitude of comparative research with Toegye(退溪) to understand the true aspects of Yulgok Neo-Confucianism and thus to promote the globalization of Yulgok’s Neo-Confucianism. Secondly, I emphasized the need for active research on Yulgok’s theory of Administration(經世論). The studies of Yulgok consist of two parts : Neo-Confucianism and the theory of Administration, but the latter has not yet been studied enough, and thus we need to study further Yulgok’s theory of Administration to get new social ethics and ideologies in future society. Here, I argued and confirmed that in the operation of the community, leaders should practice moral justice, also have practical skills and spirit of sacrifice, and the general public should respect free communication and public opinion. This spirit was revealed in Yulgok's theory of Administration, and it was proposed that the principle of the formation and the operation of good community should be based on the spirit.
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김문준 ( Kim¸ Moon Joon ) (사)율곡연구원 2020 율곡학연구 Vol.43 No.-
Yulgok Lee Yi(李珥, 1536-1584) was Joseon's best Kyungjangist. The feature of the Yulgok school theory can be summarized as the theory of Neo-Confucian governance. Lee Yi commented on the new laws of Wang Anshi(王安石, 1021~1086), China's top Kyungjangist. Lee Yi harshly criticized Wang Anshi for Leaving benevolence and righteousness behind utilitarianism(Effectiveness and consequentialism) and Leaving moral civilization to move on barbarism. His new law policy put priority on ‘national prosperity and military power’(富國强兵) before ‘providing for the welfare of the people’(安民). Yulgok criticized, Wang Anshi's policy did not make the people cultivate humanity, just maked the people pursue selfishness. Lee Yi insisted on a continuous perversion, to reform state affairs based on the spirit of the people, tried to reform social absurdities. The characteristic of Lee Yi's theory of the theory of Neo-Confucian governance is that; First, the ultimate goal is to implement the benevolent policy to realize a daedong world. The method can be achieved by promoting ‘providing for the welfare of the people’ and ‘teaching the people’. Second, it called on king and political officials to take a attitude that elicits the actual achievements of virtuous politics leadership(德治) and Providing for the welfare of the people(安民). Third, he had a sense of patriotism and love of the people(憂國愛民) based on the consciousness of anxiety for the people. Yhe consciousness of anxiety for the people emerged as the theory of reform according to negative effects of the times(時弊). The Yulgok’ spirit of reform had been passed down to the juniors. They are Jo Hoen(趙憲; 1544-1592), Kim Jang saeng(金長生, 1548-1631), Song Si-yeol(宋時烈, 1607-1689), Song Joon Kil(宋浚吉, 1606-1672), Yoon Seon-geo(尹宣擧, 1610-1669), Lee Yu-tae(李惟泰, 1607~1684), Yu gye(俞棨, 1607-1664). Yulk school continued the tradition of Maneonso(萬言疏, an address of ten thousand letters to the king), claimed saving government expenses and loving the people, reducing forced labor service and imposing less taxes. They left the Policy for a rich country and strong army behind Providing for the welfare of the people.
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율곡 이이의 경세관 연구 - 원칙, 변화, 실질을 중심으로 -
선병삼 ( Sun¸ Byeong Sam ) (사)율곡연구원 2020 율곡학연구 Vol.43 No.-
This article has a purpose to understand Lee Yulgok’s governing theory in a way such as three keywords of Principle(Goal), Change(Reformation), Action(Practice). The first, We can find out Lee Yulgok’s mind as to principle(goal) through analyzing his main idea of Li Zhi(立志). It is inevitable task to identify the object in pursuing Li Zhi, which means what is the goal in Li Zhi. Lee has a firm commitment to goal of pursuing Wang Dao(王道) believing it gives practical efficiency not being little more than idealism. Hence, Lee lays stress on the idea that we should decide it, pursue the Big-Hairy-Audacious goals. The second, for change(reformation), Lee makes a statement the country perishes or not is under the control of change(reformation) or not. It is important that Lee insists on gradual reform in change. The third, apropos of action(practice) we have to take into consideration two aspects of Shi Shi(實事) and Shi Xin(實心). According to Lee’s speaking, doing fulfillment of Shi Shi(實事) and Shi Xin(實心) all is right way to action(practice). Those three keywords of principle(goal), change(reformation), action(practice) adopting other field such as self-development, management, administration can widen and deepen Lee’s governing theory.
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