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Sous-titrage des films etrangers en Coree : etat des lieux
Madec, Loiec 성균관대학교 인문과학연구소 1999 人文科學 Vol.29 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 한국에서 상영되는 외화의 자막작업에 관해 조명해보고자 하며 작업의 기술적, 문화적 측면보다 그 과정과 작업관련자들에 초점을 맞추고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해 영화배급사, 번역자 또는 번안자, 번역센터담당자, 텔레비전 프로듀서 등을 상대로 조사를 실시했다. 미국영화의 국내영화시장 잠식, 방화산업보호를 위한 스크린 쿼더제 실시, 대기업 투자 감소 현황등을 살펴본 결과 다음과 같은 사실을 확인할 있었다. 영화관에서 상영되는 미국영화 (흥행수입 70% 차지) -주요 미국 영화 배급사들(Majors)은 자막작업을 영화 상품화의 주요소로 간주 -자막은 주로 두 줄로 처리되며 각 줄은 최고 여덟 단어로 구성 (2×8) -주요 배급사들의 경우 전문 외화번역가와 직접 연결 작업 -외화번역 보수 적정수준 (편당 1백-2백만원) 비디오 -영화관 상영 영화에 비해 보다 여유있는 자막처리 (한 줄에 최고 13단어이며 두 줄로 처리) -주요 배급사의 경우 전문번역센터에 하청 대행, 번역소요시간은 대략 2주일이며 비디오 테이프와 함께 대본 원고가 제공됨. 보수는 편당 30-40만원 수준 -중소배급사의 경우 편당 10-15만원의 번역료를 지급하는 번역센터등에 의뢰. 이 경우 비디오 테이프만 제공되거나 대본만 제공되는 경우가 있으며 졸속 번역 -케이블 TV에 방영되는 외화 대부분이 위 경우에 해당됨 본 연구는 아직 초기단계로 앞으로 보완작업을 통해 더욱 완성을 기할 수 있길 바라며, 본 연구 주제의 기본조사가 실시되고 자막작업 관련자들의 작업환경도 조사된 바 외화 번역 또는 번안시 제기되는 언어적, 문화적 문제들을 추후 심층 조명할 수 있을 것으로 기대됨.
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CCM key comparison CCM.D-K4 'Hydrometer'
Lorefice, S,Becerra, L O,Lenard, E,Lee, Y J,Lee, W G,Madec, T,Meury, P A,Caceres, J,Santos, C,Vamossy, C,Man, J,Fen, K,Toda, K,Wright, J,Bettin, H,Toth, H BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2016 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.53 No.-
<P></P> <P>This report presents the comparison philosophy, methodology, analysis and the results of the designed CCM.D-K4 key comparison that covered the calibration of high resolution hydrometers for liquid and alcoholometers in the density range 600 kg/m<SUP>3</SUP> to 2000 kg/m<SUP>3</SUP> at the temperature of 20°C. The main purpose of this comparison was not only to evaluate the degree of equivalence in the calibration of high accuracy hydrometers between NMI participants, but also to link, were it is possible, the results of previous comparisons to Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs) of CCM.D-K4. Eleven NMI laboratories took part in the CCM.D-K4 divided in two groups (petals).</P> <P>With the CCM.D-K4 purpose, two similar sets consisting of three hydrometers for liquid density determinations and an alcoholometer were circulated to the NMI participants as a travelling standard in the time interval from January 2011 to April 2012.</P> <P>Twelve Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs) for each petal have been obtained at the density values related to the tested density marks of the transfer standards by the results of participants. The KCRVs and corresponding uncertainties were calculated by the weighted mean in the case of consistent results, otherwise the median was used.</P> <P>The degree of equivalence (DoE) with respect to the corresponding KCRV was determined for each participant and, in this particular comparison, the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) method was used to link the individual DoE of each participant by a continuous function.</P> <P>Significant drift of the transfer standards was not detected.</P> <P>This report also gives instructions on calculating pair-wise degrees of equivalence, with the addition of any information on correlations that may be necessary to estimate more accurately as well as the procedure for linking international comparisons to the CCM.D-K4. Finally an example of linkage to the CCM.D-K4 is given by dealing with the results of the bilateral comparison between INRiM and NMIA, which was added to this comparison so that all participants were engaged after the breakage of the 9340171 artefact.</P> <P>A particularly good agreement was found among the results provided by most of the participants, even if some systematic differences and either underestimated or overestimated uncertainties of the submitted results can be identified with respect to the KCRVs. In general the deviations of the laboratory results to the KCRVs are within of 1/3rd to 1/4th of a scale division and the uncertainty at 95% is usually within half a division. During the analysis of the submitted results, a systematic difference between the first and last immersed mark was also noted, possibly due to a temperature gradient along the stem and/or wetting of the stem around the tested mark, and therefore a corrected claimed uncertainty from each laboratory is expected. However this comparison may help the laboratories to solve some residual or marginal problems as well as to better understand the uncertainty components.</P> <P>The comparison fully supports the calibration measurement capabilities table in the BIPM key comparison database (KCDB). The results can be used to link regional comparisons to this CCM key comparison</P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P> To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/M/D-K4/CCM.D-K4_Final_Report.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>
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