Numerical Investigation on Gas Bubbling Assisted Inclusion Transport and Removal in Multistrand Tundish

Vipul Kumar Gupta,Pradeep Kumar Jha,Pramod Kumar Jain 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.9

In continuous casting, the molten metal quality in the mold is affected by flow pattern, temperature distribution and inclusiontransport in the multistrand tundish. Natural convection due to thermal buoyancy directly influences these parameters andwith gas bubbling, further improvisation can be made. In the present work, numerical investigation of the effect of thermalbuoyancy is carried out to examine the flow field, temperature distribution and inclusion trajectories. Further, gas bubblingcurtain modeling using the Euler-Euler approach is performed for the different locations on the bottom wall of the tundishand quantitative analysis of tundish performance is presented using residence time distribution (RTD) curves. The resultsshow that big circulation loop generated due to thermal buoyancy assists in inclusion removal and mixing at each outlet. Gas bubbling increases the molten metal flow velocity in the central region of tundish, leading to a decrease in the dimensionlessnumber Gr/Re2 near the outlets which are far away from the inlet of the tundish i.e. outlet 2 and outlet 3. Hence, thedominance of natural convection decreases. The inclusion removal rate is found to increase significantly as the circulationloop formed at each side of the curtain forces them upward direction. However, the reported inclusion removal rate in gasbubbling cases is found to be independent of particle size and curtain location.

Production of Hepatotoxin by the Cyanobacterium Scytonema sp . Strain BT 23

( Kumar ),( Ashok ),( D . P . Singh ),( M . B . Tyagi ),( Arvind Kumar ),( E . G . Prasuna ),( J . K . Thakur ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2000 Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.10 No.3

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A Novel SDN-Based Security Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks Using TDCNN and PGF-ECCMohit

Kumar,Mukherjee Priya,Verma Sahil,Kavita,Jhanjhi N. Z.,Vimal S.,Almutain Bandar 한국컴퓨터산업협회 2023 Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences Vol.13 No.-

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) comprise a huge number of stationary or mobile sensor nodes that considerably support multi-hop communication. Intruder attacks such as wormholes, spoofing, etc., make it more susceptible in turn influence WSN’s confidentiality. Therefore, utilizing tanh activation function centered deep convolution neural network (TDCNN) and polynomial Galois field elliptical curve cryptography (PGF-ECC), a novel approach named malicious node detection and privacy preservation of software-defined WSN is conceptualized in this work. Many measures have been taken in the work for assuring security. Utilizing taxicab metric centered KMedoid (TM-KMedoid) algorithm, the sensor nodes of the network are initially sorted into clusters. After that, using the Horse optimization algorithm (HOA), the cluster head (CH) selection is performed where the best node in the cluster is selected as the CH. Next, the data packets are transferred by the CH to the base station (BS) via the software-defined networking (SDN) controller. The SDN controller is applied with a TDCNN classifier that predicts the node’s trustworthiness for detecting whether the node is malicious or not. The data is transferred to BS if the node is a trusted one else, the node gets rejected. The PGF-ECC algorithm is employed for ensuring the data’s secure transmission to the BS. The proposed method’s performance is contrasted with the existent systems in an experimental evaluation. It exhibits superior performance when analogized to top-notch techniques, and highly assures the network’s authenticity.

Estimating Total Factor Productivity and Its components - Evidence from Manufacturing Sector of Tamilnadu, India

Kumar,T. Sampath,Pradeep V. 한국유통과학회 2019 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2019 No.-

The study applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate total factor productivity growth and to identify the sources of productivity growth in the manufacturing sector of Tamil Nadu. The study considered 12 major sectors and estimated productivity growth and the major sources of productivity growth during the period 1981-82 to 2007-08. The study found that the productivity growth in the industrial sector of Tamil Nadu at the aggregate level during the test period was almost nil. While it is the case at the aggregate level, there are mixed results at the sectoral level. During the pre-reform period, there was significantly higher productivity growth in almost all the sectors contributed mainly by the improvements in efficiency. On other hand, there was productivity deterioration in the post-reform period since almost all the sectors witnessed negative productivity growth despite a technical change in the post-reform period. The study based on the empirical findings suggests that there will be productivity growth only if any improvement in the technology is accompanied by the corresponding improvement in the efficiency with which the technology can be turned into productivity gains. A well developed and skilled labour force along with the improvements in the technological developments will lead to higher productivity growth in the manufacturing sector both at the aggregate and sectoral level.

Investigation on the Effect of Asymmetric Cyclic Loading on Ratcheting Deformation and Bulk Texture Development in HSLA Steel

Pushpendra Kumar Dwivedi,R. Vinjamuri,S. K. Sahoo,Krishna Dutta 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.8

Ratcheting deformation in association with bulk texture evolution in HSLA steel is studied in this investigation. The cyclicdeformation behaviors and damage modes of the specimens are obtained at room temperature, employing asymmetric stresscontrolledtests under various combinations of mean stress and stress amplitudes. Bulk texture measurements of the specimensare done adopting an X-ray diffraction analysis. The results exhibit an increase in strain accumulation from 0.23 to 30.61%associated with a sharp reduction in ratcheting life from 3320 to 880 cycles by the increment in mean stress/stress amplitude. A continuous cyclic softening until the final failure is observed for all the ratcheting tests. It is noticed that variation of meanstress is more detrimental than stress amplitude in controlling strain accumulation while the effect of stress amplitude is morepronounced than mean stress for the reduction of ratcheting life. The fracture surface morphology indicates typical striationformation in the crack propagation region along with overload failure. The bulk texture studies indicate that there is a transitionbetween ‘ϒ’ fiber and ‘ζ’ fiber during all loading conditions. The texture intensity is increased from 5.71 to 11.68 withprogressive ratcheting strain accumulation. Here also, influence of stress amplitude is more significant than the mean stress.

From Colonial to Postcolonial Linguistic Hierarchies: Explaining the Persistent Dominance of English in India

SRIJAN KUMAR 국제인문사회연구학회 2026 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.8 No.1

From Colonial to Postcolonial Linguistic Hierarchies:Explaining the Persistent Dominance of English in India DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.62783/SHSS.8.1.54 Srijan Kumar* Abstract: This study examines why English continues to occupy a dominant position in India more than seven decades after independence, despite repeated efforts to promote Hindi and regional languages as symbols of postcolonial sovereignty. It argues that the persistence of English should be understood not as a colonial residue or elite preference, but as a durable postcolonial linguistic hierarchy. Drawing on historical institutionalism and incorporating perspectives from federal language politics and the political economy of language, the study analyzes institutional continuity, regional political contestation, and economic transformation to explain the endurance of English. The analysis demonstrates that English became deeply embedded in the administrative, legal, and educational structures of the colonial state and was subsequently inherited by independent India. Federal resistance to Hindi, particularly from non-Hindi-speaking regions, further stabilized English as a politically neutral link language. Economic liberalization and globalization later transformed English proficiency into a form of economic capital, rewarding access through labor markets and education systems and reinforcing linguistic hierarchy. The findings show that English dominance in India results from the interaction of historical institutions, federal political dynamics, and global economic integration. Addressing linguistic inequality therefore requires structural reforms in education, governance, and economic access, rather than symbolic language promotion alone. Key Words: English Dominance, Postcolonial Linguistic Hierarchy, Historical Institutionalism, Federal Language Politics, Political Economy of Language □ Received: Feb. 10, 2026, Revised: Feb. 22, 2026, Accepted: Feb. 28, 2026* Assistant Professor, Busan Univ. of Foreign Studies, Email: srijanbufs@gmail.com

A Study on Pragmatic Failure Research for Indian Learners of Korean -Focusing on Requests and Suggestions

Yadav Vijay Kumar 국제인문사회연구학회 2026 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.8 No.1

A Study on Pragmatic Failure Research for Indian Learners of Korean -Focusing on Requests and Suggestions DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.62783/SHSS.8.1.82 Yadav Vijay Kumar* Abstract: This study examined the pragmatic failures (화용적 실패) of Indian learners of Korean in performing requests and suggestions, focusing on the types of failures and their pedagogical implications. Participants included 20 intermediate learners (IKIL), 10 advanced learners (IKAL), 40 Korean native speakers (KNS), and 20 Hindi native speakers (IHS). Role-play data were analyzed and categorized into pragmalinguistic failures primarily related to honorifics and sentence endings (존대법)and sociopragmatic failures involving inappropriate conventional expressions (관례어) and address terms (호칭어). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, including paired-sample t-tests, independent-sample t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and mixed effects linear models. The results indicate that intermediate learners frequently produced pragmalinguistic errors in honorifics and sentence endings, such as using “없어” instead of “없습니다.” They also exhibited sociopragmatic errors, including inappropriate conventional expressions (e.g., “미안해요” instead of “죄송합니다”) and incorrect address terms (e.g., “이 교수님” instead of “교수님”). Advanced learners generally demonstrated near target pragmatic performance, though occasional errors appeared in socially complex situations. Major sources of pragmatic failure included L1 transfer of Hindi politeness norms and insufficient understanding of Korean sociocultural conventions. Misuse of honorifics, conventional expressions, and address terms especially when interacting with higher status interlocutors was often perceived by native speakers as rude or pragmatically inappropriate. These findings highlight the importance of pragmatics focused instruction. Explicit teaching of politeness norms, structured role-plays, situational practice, exposure to authentic discourse, and systematic feedback can strengthen learners’ pragmatic competence and promote culturally appropriate communication in Korean. Key Words: Pragmatic Failure (화용적 실패), Requests, Suggestions, Indian Learners of Korean, Honorifics (존대법), Conventional Expressions (관례어), Address Terms (호칭어) □ Received: Jan. 14, 2026, Revised: Feb. 10, 2026, Accepted: Feb. 20, 2026* This work was supported by the research grant of the Busan University of Foreign Studies in 2025 . ** BUFS, Indian Dept., Associate Professor, Email: vijaykorean@gmail.com

An investigation into the efficiency of biocides in controlling algal biofouling in seawater industrial cooling towers

Al-Bloushi Mohammed,Saththasivam Jayaprakash,Jeong Sanghyun,Al-Refaie Abdullah,Raju S. Arun Kumar1,Choon NG Kim,Amy L. Gary,Leiknes TorOve 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.6

Biofouling in the open recirculating cooling water systems may cause biological corrosion, which can reduce the performance, increase the energy consumption and lower heat exchange resulting in reduced efficiency of the cooling tower (CT). Seawater CTs are prone to bio-fouled due to the presences of organic and inorganic compounds which act as nourishment for various microorganisms like (algae, fungi, and bacteria) for their growth under certain environmental conditions. The most commonly being used method to control the biofouling in CT is by addition of biocides such as chlorination. In this study, diatom and green algae were added to the CT basin and its viability was monitored in the recirculating cooling seawater loop as well as in the CT basin. Three different types of oxidizing biocides, namely chlorine, chlorine dioxide (Chlorine dioxide) and ozone, were tested by continuous addition in pilot-scale seawater CTs and it was operated continuously for 60 d. The results showed that all biocides were effective in keeping the biological growth to the minimum regardless of algal addition. Amongst the biocides, ozone could reduce 99% of total live cells of bacteria and algae, followed by Chlorine dioxide at 97%, while the conventional chlorine showed only 89% reduction in the bioactivities.

Protective efficacy of Coriandrum sativum seeds against arsenic induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice

Kumar Arun,Kumar Vikas,Akhouri Vivek,Kumar Ranjit,Ali Mohammad,Rashmi Tuhin,Chand Gyanendra Bahadur,Singh Sushil Kumar,Ghosh Ashok Kumar 한국독성학회 2022 Toxicological Research Vol.38 No.4

Arsenic poisoning in ground water is one of the most sensitive environmental pollutant causing serious pollution all over the world. Chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water to humans leads to major public health related issues. There have been very meagre studies which reported that, the plant constituents proved to exhibit protective effect from arsenicosis. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the protective efficacy of Coriandrum sativum seeds extract against sodium arsenite induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice. In the present study twenty-four male healthy Swiss albino mice (30 ± 5 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6), where the control group received normal diet and water; group II and group III treated with sodium arsenite (2 mg per kg body weight per day) for 2 and 4 weeks respectively. The group IV mice were administered with C.sativum seeds extract at the dose of 150 mg per kg body weight per day for 4 weeks upon sodium arsenite pretreated (2 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks per day) mice. After the complete dose duration, all the treatment group animals were sacrificed same day for haematological, biochemical and histopathological study. In the arsenic treated mice, there were significant (p < 0.0001) changes in the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid and creatinine as well as in the haematological parameters. In contrast, after the administration with C.sativum seeds extract upon arsenic pretreated mice, there was significant (p < 0.0001) improvement observed in the hepatic and renal biomarker parameters as well as haematological variables. In the arsenic intoxicated mice, after administration with C.sativum seeds extract there was significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in the arsenic concentration in blood, liver and kidney tissues as well as in the serum LPO levels. Furthermore, the histopathological study showed that, C.sativum seeds extract administrated group of mice significantly restored the liver and kidney at cellular level against arsenic induced toxicity. The entire study concludes that C.sativum seeds extract possesses the ameliorative effect against arsenic induced liver and kidney intoxication.

Comparing the Effect of Oil Massage on Phototherapy Efficacy in Term Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Dinesh Kumar,Durgesh Kumar,Pankaj Kumar Arya,Muniba Alim,Indra Kumar Sharma,Rajesh Kumar Yadav,Nishant Sharma 대한소아소화기영양학회 2025 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.28 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oil massage as an adjunct therapy for neonatal jaundice during phototherapy. Methods: A total of 160 neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were enrolled and randomly allocated into two study groups using a computer-generated random number table. Group 1 (Intervention Group) consisted of 84 patients who received both phototherapy and massage therapy, while Group 2 (Control Group) consisted of 76 patients who received only phototherapy. The intervention group underwent massage therapy three times daily for 20 minutes over two consecutive days. Transcutaneous bilirubin levels were measured every eight hours. Additionally, the total duration of phototherapy and the 24-hour stool and urine output frequency were recorded in both groups. Results: There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics between the two groups. However, stool frequency and urine output were significantly higher in the intervention group. The average duration of phototherapy was 19.4±4.17 hours in the intervention group compared to 28.4±6.58 hours in the control group (p<0.001). The rate of Transcutaneous bilirubin reduction was significantly higher in the intervention group during the first 24 hours. A rebound increase in bilirubin levels was observed at 40 and 48 hours in both groups after phototherapy was discontinued. Conclusion: Phototherapy combined with massage significantly reduced total bilirubin levels in newborns with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, making it a valuable adjunct treatment for the rapid reduction of bilirubin in neonates.