Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Multi-stage Synergistic Deep Removal of Impurities and Lithium Extraction

Lou Wen-bo,Liu Dong-yan,Wang Yun,Zhao Dan-tong,Sun Zi-cheng,Zou Yi,Wang Sheng-yan,Cheng Quan-guo,Li Jian-zhong,Liu Hong-hui 한국화학공학회 2025 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.42 No.3

Nowadays, the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is a key concern in the energy fi eld. Among them, for the purifi cation of Li-containing mother liquor, the targeted multi-means coupling impurity removal methods are mostly employed, which however, inevitably lead to a Li loss of 3–5% and high costs. In this study, a multi-stage hydrolysis method, combining the residual P and Al, Mg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, forming hydroxide-phosphate co-precipitation for the synergistic impurity separation, was adopted. Thermodynamic calculations show that Li + and Mg 2+ are insensitive to pH when pH < 10, and Al, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe behave similarly in nature. The impurities should be precipitated as: Fe 3+ > Al 3+ > Cu 2+ > Ni 2+ > Zn 2+ > Mg 2+ , with phosphate precipitating fi rst, followed by converting into hydroxide as pH rising. Actual results showed that the order was P > Fe & Al & Cu & Ni & Zn > Mg, and the process was divided into three steps, with separation points at pH = 2.37, 8.66, and 11.00, respectively. All the impurity removal effi ciencies were close to 100%, the loss of Li was 1.74%. The optimal conditions for Li 2 CO 3 precipitation were determined: an Na 2 CO 3 addition of 1.5 times the theoretical amount, a temperature of 90 °C, a reaction time of 4 h, and a one-time addition of dosing method. Li precipitation effi ciency reaches 90.10%, with a 99.95% purity. The results eff ectively reduced Li losses and provided a practically feasible basis for the industrial purifi ca tion of Li-containing mother liquor.

Li-Ginseng powder protects against alcohol-induced liver injury by promoting acetaldehyde clearance and cellular homeostasis

Ya-Ni Wang,De-Yu Wang,Yu-Hui Li,Cheng-Yan He,Xu-Ming Li,Yang Li,Ying-Hua Jin 고려인삼학회 2025 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.49 No.6

Background: Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is a primary driver of alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD), a global health challenge with limited treatment options. Panax ginseng Meyer exhibits various pharmacologicalactivities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its efficacy in preventingalcohol-induced liver injury remains limited, necessitating further optimization and investigation. Methods: This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of Li-Ginseng Powder (LGP), a ginseng preparationenriched in rare ginsenosides, using a murine model of ALD and ethanol-exposed human hepatic L-02 cells. ALDwas induced in C57BL/6 mice via daily oral ethanol administration (2400 mg/kg). Serum and liver biochemicalmarkers were measured, and histological changes were assessed using H&E and Oil Red O staining. In vitroassays examined the effects of LGP on ethanol-metabolizing enzyme activity, oxidative stress, mitochondrialintegrity, and autophagy. Results: Ethanol exposure significantly elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol, as well as hepatictriglycerides and malondialdehyde, while markedly decreasing hepatic levels of reduced glutathione and superoxidedismutase. LGP pre-treatment effectively reversed all these alterations, restored antioxidant capacity,and alleviated histological damage and lipid accumulation to near normal levels. In L-02 cells, LGP significantlyenhanced alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, facilitated ethanol and acetaldehydedetoxification, reduced reactive oxygen species levels, preserved mitochondrial membrane potential, and promotedautophagy. Conclusion: LGP confers comprehensive hepatoprotection against alcohol-induced liver injury by significantlyenhancing ethanol catabolism, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and activating autophagy. These findings suggestits therapeutic potential in the management of ALD.

Aqueous processing of Li1.075Nb0.625Ti0.45O3 green tapes

Shaochun Li,Yongjuan Geng,Qilong Zhang,Hui Yang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2011 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.12 No.2

An aqueous tape casting of Li1.075Nb0.625Ti0.45O3 (LNT) ceramics was developed using PCA-NH4 as dispersant, PVA as binder and EG as plasticizer. Flexible, defect-free and smooth tapes of LNT were successfully produced. The study focused on obtaining the optimum slurry formulations and on the effects of the processing parameters such as the stability, the rheology on the properties on the tape characteristics. Surface properties of LNT powders in the aqueous suspensions are distinctly influenced by PCA-NH4. The zeta potential measurement showed that the isoelectric point (IEP) of LNT powders in the absence of dispersant corresponds to a pH value of 3.7. The zeta potential values (absolute values) increased with the amount of dispersant and up to its maximum near pH 9-10. The rheology measurements of all the slurries investigated showed the desired shear thinning behavior, indicating that the LNT slurry was homogenous and well stabilized. An optimum formulation for the tape was investigated and it was shown that a high solid loading (50 wt%) would lead to a high relative green density (46.7%). Homogenous, smooth, and defect-free green tapes were successfully obtained by an appropriate slurry formula.

中国高校体育课学生猝死事故诱因及对策分析 -基于2014〜2023年25份案例

梁慧敏,梁骁,李媛媛,李鹏程,倪景挺,李竞验,曹晓峰,林鏞澤 남서울대학교 출판국 2024 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

이 연구는 중국 내 대학교 체육 수업 중 발생한 급사 사고의 사례를 분석하여 원 인과 개선 방안을 제시하고자 하였다 이를 위해 2014년부터 2023년까지 발생한 25건의 사례를 양적 질적으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다 체육 수업 중 급사는 성별로는 여학생보다는 남학생에서 계절별로는 봄과 가을에서 시간대별로는 오후보다는 오전에 많이 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 급사의 직접적 원인은 과도한 운동강도로 인한 심장의 문제와 개인의 건강 상태나 습관인 것으로 나타났으며, 간접적 원인은 학교의 안전 사고 관리 체계 기후나 계절적 요인 사고 발생 시 주변 학생들의 대처 능력 및 이상의 원인들 간의 상호 작용인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 급사 사고의 발생을 예방하기 위해서는 학생들에 대한 스포츠 안전 교육 을 강화하고 안전 의식을 제고하여야 하며 교내 관리 체계를 개선하여 돌발 상황 대응 능력을 향상시켜야 하며 학교과 가정 사회가 학생의 건강 문제에 대해 관심을 가져야 하며 , 사고 발생에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사회적 환경적 요인들을 고려해야 할 것이다. 주요 단어 대학생 체육 수업 사고 급사 원인 개선 방안 스포츠 안전

Synthesis and Solution Properties of Zwitterionic Copolymer of Acrylamide with 3-[(2-Acrylamido)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate

Hui Xiao,Jing Hu,Shuailin Jin,Rui Hai Li 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.9

A novel zwitterionic monomer 3-[(2-acrylamido)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate (DMADAS) was designed and synthesized in this study. Then it was polymerized with acrylamide (AM) by free radical polymerization in 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution with ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) and sodium sulfate (NaHSO3) as initiator. The structure and composition of DMADAS and acrylamide-3-[(2-acrylamido)- dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate copolymer (P-AM-DMADAS) were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR and elemental analyses. Isoelectric point (IEP) of P-AM-DMADAS was tested by nanoparticle size and potential analyzer. Solution properties of copolymer were studied by reduced viscosity. Antipolyelectrolyte behavior was observed and was found to be enhanced with increasing DMADAS content in copolymer. The results showed that the viscosity of P-AM-DMADAS is 5.472 dl/g in pure water. Electrolyte was added, which weakened the mutual attraction between sulfonic acid group and quaternary ammonium group. The conformation became loose, which led to the increase of reduced viscosity. The ability of monovalent and divalent cation influencing the viscosity of zwitterionic copolymer obeyed the following sequence: Li+ < Na+ < K+, Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Ba2+, and that of anion is in the order: Cl− < Br− < I−, CO3 2− > SO3 2− ≈ SO4 2−.

Hanger로 보강된 스터드 접합부의 인장거동에 관한 실험적 연구

박휘규,김승훈,이리형,이용택,황홍순,이정희 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

This paper presents the tensile behavior of the stud connection between reinforced concrete(RC) and steel members. Hanger reinforcements are placed around the studs to transfer the tensile loads to the opposite side of the concrete member. Six specimens, of which variables were arrangement details of hanger reinforcements and studs. Tensile test results show that hanger reinforcements are effective to increase tensile strength and ductility. Test tensile strengths of specimens are compared with the nominal strengths by ACI codes(ACI 318-02, ACI 349-99) and PCI 1999.

Evidence for the medicinal value of Squama Manitis (pangolin scale): A systematic review

Xinyao Jin,Hui Zi Chua,Keyi Wang,Nan Li,Wenke Zheng,Wentai Pang,Fengwen Yang,Bo Pang,Mingyan Zhang,Junhua Zhang 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.1

Background: Squama Manitis (pangolin scale) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. However, its efficacy has not been systematically reviewed. This review aims to fill the gap. Methods: We searched six electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), WanFang Database and SinoMed from inception to May 1, 2020. Search terms included “pangolin”, “Squama Manitis”, “Manis crassicaudata”, “Manis javanica”, “Malayan pangolins”, “Manis pentadactyla”, “Ling Li”, “Chuan Shan Jia”, “Shan Jia”, “Pao Jia Zhu”, “Jia Pian” and “Pao Shan Jia”. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case control studies (CCSs). Results: After screening, 15 articles that met the inclusion criteria were finally included. There were 4 randomized controlled trials, 1 case control study, 3 case series and 7 case reports. A total of 15 different diseases were reported in these studies, thus the data could not be merged to generate powerful results. Two RCTs suggested that Squama Manitis combined with herbal decoction or antibiotics could bring additional benifit for treating postpartum hypogalactia and mesenteric lymphadenitis. However, this result was not reliable due to low methodological quality and irrational outcomes. The other two RCTs generated negative results. All the non-RCTs did not add any valuable evidence to the efficacy of Squama Manitis beacause of small samples, incomplete records, non-standardized outcome detection. In general, currently available evidence cannot support the clinical use of Squama Manitis. Conclusion: There is no reliable evidence that Squama Manitis has special medicinal value. The removal of Squama Manitis from Pharmacopoeia is rational.

Characterization, Luminescence, and Defect Centers of a Ce3+-Doped Li2Si2O5 Phosphor Prepared by a Solution Combustion Reaction

Singh, Vijay,Watanabe, S.,Gundu Rao, T. K.,Senthil Kumaran, R.,Gao, Hui,Li, Jinglin,Kwak, Ho-Young Springer-Verlag 2015 Journal of electronic materials Vol.44 No.8

User-expected price-based demand response algorithm for a home-to-grid system

Li, Xiao Hui,Hong, Seung Ho Elsevier 2014 ENERGY Vol.64 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Demand response algorithms can cut peak energy use, driving energy conservation and enabling renewable energy sources, as well as reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. The use of these technologies is becoming increasingly popular, especially in smart-grid scenarios. We describe a home-to-grid demand response algorithm, which introduces a UEP (“user-expected price”) as an indicator of differential pricing in dynamic domestic electricity tariffs, and exploits the modern smart-grid infrastructure to respond to these dynamic pricing structures. By comparing the UEP with real-time utility price data, the algorithm can discriminate high-price hours and low-price hours, and automatically schedule the operation of home appliances, as well as control an energy-storage system to store surplus energy during low-price hours for consumption during high-price hours. The algorithm uses an exponential smoothing model to predict the required energy of appliances, and uses Bayes' theorem to calculate the probability that appliances will demand power at a given time based on historic energy-usage data. Simulation results using pricing structures from the Ameren Illinois power company show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce or even eliminate peak-hour energy consumption, leading to a reduction in the overall domestic energy costs of up to 39%.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Introduce a UEP (“user-expected price”) as an indicator of differential pricing in dynamic domestic electricity tariffs. </LI> <LI> Discriminate high-price hours and low-price hours, and automatically schedule the operation of home appliances. </LI> <LI> Control an energy-storage system to store surplus energy during low-price hours for consumption during high-price hours. </LI> <LI> Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce or even eliminate peak-hour energy consumption. </LI> </UL> </P>

Phthalocyanines as medicinal photosensitizers: Developments in the last five years

Li, Xingshu,Zheng, Bing-De,Peng, Xiao-Hui,Li, Song-Zi,Ying, Jia-Wen,Zhao, Yuanyuan,Huang, Jian-Dong,Yoon, Juyoung Elsevier 2019 Coordination Chemistry Reviews Vol.379 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Owing to their high extinction coefficients, long absorption wavelengths, and modification tunable photophysical and photochemical properties, phthalocyanines (Pcs) have been widely used as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Advances made in the past five years on the development of Pcs as medicinal photosensitizers are reviewed and the main design considerations for medicinal applications of these substances are discussed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recent progresses made in the development of phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy are outlined. </LI> <LI> Representative water-soluble phthalocyanines are presented. </LI> <LI> Main targeting strategies are discussed. </LI> <LI> Future challenges are also presented. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>