한국해양사 연구의 현황과 전망

한임선 동북아시아문화학회 2009 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.21

The Current Status and Prospect of Study on Korean Maritime History Han, Im-Seon Study on Korean maritime history has been actively conducted since 1990 with great interest. However, the lives of people focus on the sea before it was divided into “maritime history” should also include results of such study as an area that consists of maritime history. This thesis regards the results of research on maritime history during the 1ate Joseon period as the start of studying Korean maritime history and investigates the status of studying Korean maritime history by period. Furthermore, it also examines the fact that the research and inspection of the ocean in the Korean Peninsula conducted before study on the sea began to be carried out were done by Japan with political and economic purpose. Future studies on Korean maritime history need to include organizing concrete subareas for each subdivision, investigating modern maritime history, and clarifying concepts. Study on maritime history has a great tendency to extend in the present situation and atmosphere. In order for the research areas on maritime history not to be affected by such situation and become established as an independent subdivision afterwards, it is necessary to lay systematic foundation in the aspect of the necessity, future direction, organization, and methodology of the research.

조선후기 해양경계(海洋境界)와 해금(海禁)

한임선,신명호 동북아시아문화학회 2009 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.21

The marine boundary and marine pass prohibition in Late Joseon period. Han, Im-SeonㆍShin, Myung-Ho In a traditional period, It has already been existed the recognition of the territorial waters which is not created in a modern period. Traditionally, the term expressing both “open seas” and “territorial seas” was “outside seas”(外洋) and “inside seas”. “outside seas”(外洋) was space prohibiting entry, which existed to the boundary ouside in nations. On the contrary, inside seas was recognized that inner a boundary to concept like the territorial sea. It meas that a border was existing to the sea as there is a border to the land. The borderline was just the horizon coming to Signal fire-millitary visual field. Therefore, the inside seas was a space including distance from Signal-fire to horizon which was recognized to the territorial seas in Late Joseaon period. We cannot say that the range of inside seas was not fixed since the distance from coast to horizon was changed as the height of Signal-Fire, however, according to the calculation, the 40-50km from the coast was inside seas. In the respect of a sea boundary, Maritime Trade Proscription is the law which prohibits not only the horizon but also over the outside seas. It did not mean to forbid people to approach a sea itself. There are two things about the marine pass prohibition in the Joseon period. One is that prohibit to go outside over horizon of the sea and the other is that prohibit to trade centraband goods within the domestic sea-boundary. Maritime Trade Proscription is the opposite concept to Marin Inerchange. In a traditional period, the weaker both Marine Defence Power and Maritime Trade Proscription were, the more the Marin Inerchange was active, on the contrary, the stronger both Marine Defence Power and Maritime Trade Proscription were, the weaker Marin Inerchange was.

장서각 소장자료 『談草』를 통해 본 魚允中의 개화사상

한임선(Han Im-seon) 한국학중앙연구원 2010 장서각 Vol.0 No.23

개항 이후 조선은 외세가 밀려드는 상황 속에서 다방면으로 국가를 수호하기 위한 방법을 모색했다. 그 중에서도 고종은 조선이 살아남는 길은 부국강병이라 인식하고, 서양의 선진문물을 습득하기 위한 개화정책을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 한편으로는 개화정책을 담당할 기구로 統理機務衙門을 신설하고, 다른 한편으로는 지식인들을 중국과 일본에 파견하여 서구의 선진문물을 습득하게 하였다. 어윤중은 개화정책이 추진되던 1880년대에 대표적으로 활약한 개화파 지식인 중에 한 사람이다. 종래 어윤중에 대해서는 약간의 연구가 진행되었지만 관련 사료가 주로 일본시찰 기록에 한정되어 있었기 때문에 전반적인 연구에는 다소 제한이 없지 않았다. 장서각 소장자료인 『談草』는 어윤중이 1881년 7월부터 동년 11월까지 일본과 중국에서 만난 각층의 인사와 지식인과의 담론을 기록한 초안이다. 이 시기는 어윤중이 朝士視察團으로 일본에 파견되었다가 중국을 거쳐 조선으로 돌아왔을 때까지의 여정을 포함한다. 당시 어윤중의 渡日과 연이은 중국행은 조사시찰단의 파견과 朝美修好通商條約, 朝淸商民水陸貿易章程의 체결 등 한국근대사에서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있는 사건들과 직 · 간접적으로 관련되어 있다. 이들의 사건에서 어윤중이 띤 임무의 중요성을 감안한다면 『談草』는 개화파 지식인의 한 사람으로서 어윤중의 사상과 현실인식 뿐만 아니라 당시 조선의 개화사상을 엿볼 수 있는 귀중한 사료라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 『談草』를 소개함과 동시에 이 시기 중요한 개화파지식인의 한 사람으로서 어윤중의 개화사상의 일면을 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 통해 관련 사료가 부족한 현 시점에서 『談草』를 활용함으로써 당시 개화정책을 보다 전반적으로 이해하는데 많은 도움을 줄 것이라 기대한다. After opening a port for foreign trades, Joseon attempted to seek some solutions in order to defend the nation in many quarters amidst a situation where foreign forces surged. Among others, King Gojong perceived national prosperity and military power as a way of making Joseon survive, and executed the enlightenment policy for acquiring advanced Western cultures. With this aim, in one way, he newly established Tongrigimuamun (the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Defense) as an institute to be in charge of the enlightenment policy, and, in another way, he dispatched intellectuals to China and Japan, and had them learn about advanced Western cultures. Uh Yun-jung is one of the representative intellectuals in the enlightenment party, who was active in the 1880s when the enlightenment policy was enforced. Although there were a few studies of Uh Yun-jung, the relevant historical archive was limited; thus, it must be admitted that there were somehow limitations in those studies. A Draft of Conference (談草), which is a collection in Jangseogak, is a record written and published by Uh Yun-jung in 1881. It is a sort of “a draft of conference” that recorded conversations between Uh Yun-jung and figures of all social standings and intellectuals in Japan and China from July to November, 1881. This period includes his itinerary until he returned to Joseon via China after being dispatched to Japan as a member of the Interpretation of Courtiers' Observation Mission. Back then, the departure for Japan and successive visits to China of Uh Yun-jung are directly concerned with incidents that mark an important position in modern Korean history, such as the dispatch of the Interpretation of Courtiers' Observation Mission, and the entering into the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States of America and Korea as well as into Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade between Chinese and Korean Subjects. Given the importance of Uh Yun-jung's duties in those incidents, A Draft of Conference may be a valuable historical archive that makes it possible to get a glimpse of the ideas and perception of reality of Uh Yun-Jung as one of the intellectuals in the enlightenment party, and the enlightenment ideas of Joseon at that time. This study aimed to take a look into a certain aspect of the enlightenment policy of Joseon during this period as well as to introduce A Draft of Conference. At this moment during which relevant historical archive has previously been insufficient, this study is expected to be of substantial help in understanding the enlightenment policy of those times.