일본어조사에 나타나는 대우표현 : 「の」「が」 를 중심으로

한미경 한국일어일문학회 1984 日語日文學硏究 Vol.4 No.1

韓國語と日本語は文法の構造や語の配置など, 多くの共通点を持っている. なお, 言語生活を營む時, 常に相手との關係を考慮し, その待遇意識によって相手にふさわしい言葉を選んでいる. なお, 待遇意識によって待遇表現をするという点においては共通しているが, 實際の用法においては多くの相違点が見られる. その一つに韓國語の場合, 助詞にも待愚表現が現われるが, 日本語の現代語の場合は助詞には何の敬意も現われない. ところが, 日本語の場合も時代を逆れば, 待遇意識による助詞の使い分けがあったという. 現代語の「の」「が」は連體格助詞, 主格助詞としてその機能を果しているが, 中世には相手を敬まって話す時は「の」を用い,「が」は卑下する時や, 親しみを表わす場合に使ったという. 中世の說話集『宇治捨遺物語』の「さたが衣」の例とか, ロドリゲスの『日本文典』などの資料によって中世には文法上の機能よりも待遇意識による使い分けが優先していたというのは否定できない. その用法がいつ, どういう過程を經て現代語のように文法上の機能のみが殘るようになったのかについては明らかにされていない. 本論文では近世後期から近代にかけて從來の槪念による「の」「が」の用法が消滅していく過程, およびそれがいつ頃どういうふうに消滅したかについて調べてみた. 資料として用いたのは, 近世後期の作品として式亭三馬作の『浮世風呂』, 近世末期の作品は二世梅暮里谷我作の人情本『春色連理の梅』, 近代の作品は二葉亭四迷作の『浮雪』, 現代小說として川端康成作の『雪國』である. 資料に現われる人稱代名詞や人物に關する名詞などを取り上げ, 使われている場面や待遇意識との係わりを調べてみた. 以上, 調べたのをまとめてみると, (1)「の」「が」の待遇意識による使いわけがなくなる時期は, ①主格用法 近世後期の作品『浮世風呂』においてすでに「が」が用いられている.「の」の例も若干あるが, いずれも連文節中の主格助詞として使われたものである. なお, その後の作品『春色連理の梅』『浮雲』『雪國』の場合も連文節中の主格助詞「の」の用法を除いてはもっぱら「が」が使われている. 以上から, 主格助詞「が」の確立時期は近世後期よりもっと以前のことと認められる. ②連體格用法 近世後期には待遇意識による從來の使いわけと, 文法機能による使いわけとが共存し,「の」「が」の用法が激しくゆれているが, 近世末期にはほとんど文法上の機能によって整理され, 近代語に近づいてくる. しかし, 一方では「の」「が」の用法の亂れと從來の用法の名殘りが見られるので, 從來の待遇意識による使いわけは近世末期遲くまで殘っていたと思われる. その後, 近代の作品においての連體格助詞は「の」のみで, 亂れの例は現われない.なお, 現代の作品においても連體格助詞は「の」の例しかない.以上から, 從來の槪念による使い分けが完全になくなるのは近世から近代に變っていく時期だと言える. (2)「の」「が」の待遇意識による使い分けがなくなる原因は, ①近世後期より以前にすでに擡頭していた文法上の機能による使い分けの必要性が待遇意識による用法を勝ってくる. その後も「が」は品のない言葉づかいには殘っており,「の」は柔らかいニュアンスのために品のある言葉づかいをする人人に受け入れられたと思われる. 文法上の必要性と上品な言葉への志向が一體となって連體格助詞として「の」は一般化していったといえる. なお, 時代が變っていくにつれて人稱代名詞も變り, 從來は「が」が用いられていた人稱代名詞は使われなくなり, 新しく現われる代名詞には文法上の機能だけが동き「の」が用いられた. 特に近代に入っては明治維新によって社會制度の變革とともに待遇意識が變り, 從來の複雜なん人稱代名詞は簡單に整理されていく. 同時に「の」「が」の用法ももっぱら文法的な機能によって使い分けられるようになるのである. 以上のように, 言語生活の變遷などの要因と文法上の必要によって近代以後は文法上の機能のみで, 主格助詞は「が」, 連體格助詞は「の」の用法が確立したといえよう.

타 전공 연구자의 서지학적 연구 동향

한미경 한국서지학회 2017 서지학연구 Vol.72 No.-

This study was conducted for the purpose of quantitative trend analysis of bibliographical researches with different majors. Firstly, the bibliographical researchers of different majors are the professors and researchers who belonged to universities and auxiliary facilities. The researchers who belonged to the human science fields dominate this group and it is to be noted that persons majoring in oriental medicine of natural science fields also conducted bibliographical researches. Secondly, the bibliographical researchers of different majors authored average 3.28 articles and they included Korean language and literature, history, Chinese language and literature, and fine arts. Overall, most of them conducted researches for themselves. On average, one in four of the total articles were bibliographical researchers of different majors’ bibliographical studies. Thirdly, bibliographical researchers of different majors’ articles were published at 107 types of various subject areas of journals and among them, the publication rate of research of bibliography was the highest. Fourthly, the number of articles related to bibliography has on the significant increase since mid-1990s, while being influenced by the change in internet environment and the construction of full-text DB. Fifthly, museums, as well as libraries and university libraries, were investigated as the possessors of the bibliographical documentations of research and it was found out that Japan is the largest possessor of documentation next to Korea. Based on this research results, the following suggestions were made. Firstly, the expansion of research fields is expected, based on integrated research trend as a result of investigation of bibliographical researchers of different majors. Secondly, data basing of the possessors’ full text and more active information service on classical materials in accordance with the change of research environment in internet or digital research are needed. Thirdly, the discovery of various documentations and possessors is expected as a result of studies by bibliographical researchers of different majors. Fourthly, it is expected that the bibliographical research of bibliographical researchers with different majors will be research field which is not confined to research methods as basic investigation. Fifthly, in addition to the improvement of position of ‘bibliography research’ which were found to record highest publication rate as professional academic journals, bibliography needs to be evolve into the integrated and fusion studies.

이용 활성화를 위한 동양 고전의 통합적 접근 고찰

한미경 한국서지학회 2017 서지학연구 Vol.69 No.-

To seek the integrated access to activate oriental classical materials, traditional classification and modernized classification and access of the modern times were investigated and analyzed. As a result of investigation and analysis of cases of traditional classification usage in modern times in Korea, it was found out that traditional classifications are evolving in expanded way and supplemented through such processing as addition of general to each part, segmentation, addition, or new classification of new department, alteration of order or nomenclatures, removal of unnecessary sections. As a result of investigation and analysis of cases of classifications and approaches of modern times, it was found out that they are providing special services and user friendly conveniences in usage, in addition to traditional classification and modern subject classification by each institute or library. Based on the investigation and analysis, 1) users' convenience in book search in accordance with literature classification method, 2) interchangeability of libraries and portal, 3) fair usage of materials for all and 4) construction of programs for activation of classics readings, etc. were discussed. As a result, integrated approach models of program construction for vigorous use of Oriental classics such as 1) providing preservation and efficient management and user based integrated approach in use, 2) One-stop search and approach, 3) user-friendly site set up and 4) various programs were suggested and popularization of access to oriental classical materials popularization of usage, and new popularization as reading materials, were proposed.

시조보 초기 판본에 대한 서지적 고찰

한미경 한국서지학회 2022 서지학연구 Vol.91 No.-

Jung Kyung Tae pennamed Seokam is the advocate of Seokamje and the person who made efforts to popularize sijo through composition of Seonyulseonsijobo. This study conducted comparative study of Sijobu of Gukakbo, 2 types of versions possessed by National Library of Korea (Go3716-6 and Go3716-10) and the version possessed by Han Byung Il as earlier records of Jung Kyung Tae’s Sijobo. The major findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, as a result of the comparison of table of contents, it was found out that Han Byung Il’s collection referred to Sijobu of Gukakbo, judging by the notation of ‘Chungheory’ in ‘Chungheory Sijo (In Sanchon)’. Secondly, when it comes to Jisu-tone (means slightly shaking tone) among mark explanations, both version possessed by National Library of Korea and that possessed by Han Byung Il provide the same explanation on the sound. This could prove that the version possessed by National Library of Korea and that possessed by Han Byung Il are contemporary to each other. Thirdly, as a result of the comparison of scores of ‘Pyeongsijo Hansansum’, it was found out that Han Byung Il’s collection seems to have referred to Sijobu of Gukakbo and that the same version is pre-staged version of Seonyulseonsijobo of 1960, judging by the application of pitch name, which is one of mark explanation, to scores. Overall, it was found out that Go3716-10 from the collection possessed by National Library of Korea as earlier records of Jung Kyung Tae’s Sijobo is full version, while Go3716-6 is an abridged version, and that the collection possessed Han Byung Il is newly found version which was produced in 1958 and pre-staged version of Seonyulseonsijobo of 1960.

『서지학연구』의 연구동향 분석

한미경 한국서지학회 2016 서지학연구 Vol.65 No.-

This study conducts the investigation and analysis of the bibliography research trend, based on the academic journal Bibliography Research. For this purpose, the number of articles and the articles of single or joint authorship published for the past three decades covering 1986 to 2015, the number of authors, core authors, their profiles and organizations of the authors, change in their majors and subject areas of the past 10 years covering 2006 to 2015 were investigated and analyzed. Furthermore, the results of this study were analyzed through comparison with the previous studies of Bibliography Research conducted in 1992, 1997 and 2002 in the areas of previous studies of research trend, articles of co-authorship, occupations, service of affiliation with the organizations, their majors and research subject area. As a result, it was found out that those of different majors as well as professors at universities are conducting researches in mainly general and applied areas or physical bibliography these days, while professors of bibliography major at universities conducted researches in the area of mainly physical bibliography and systematical bibliography with single authorship in the past. The phenomena of co-authorship and researches conducted jointly by research institutes, researchers of various information centers, and graduate students are on the increase. And diversification of authors’ major fields and advancement into integrative researches in the field of bibliography was found out, albeit not significantly.

국내 연구자의 「노걸대」 연구 및 판본활용에 대한 계량적 분석

한미경 한국서지학회 2012 서지학연구 Vol.51 No.-

Nogeoldae was Chinese teaching materials and Chinese conversation study material for a long time. This study targeted at articles registered with KCI, which are browsed by the key word “Nogeoldae”, among domestic academic articles provided by RISS of KERIS in order to analyze the trend of domestic researchers’ use of editions in their study on Nogeoldae. To analyze the intellectual structure of grouped studies, two standards of academic journals and researchers were applied. To conduct analysis on literature level, two standards of bibliographical description and editions analysis were used. This analysis raised the necessity to conduct bibliographical study in case of research targeted at specific literatures. The detailed contents are as follows. 1) As a result of analysis of academic journals, a number of articles are generally being published in the academic journals of Chinese language and literature related academic area. The analysis also shows that most of the researchers majored in the areas of Korean and Chinese language and literature. The biggest number of researches were conducted in 2000s and it seems that lots of researches have been conducted since 1998 when original publication was discovered. 2) The analysis of researchers shows that most of 52 researchers are from areas of Korean and Chinese language and literature. Those researches were being conducted mostly by the professors in their 40-50s and a small number of domestic researchers were conducting researches persistently. 3) Editions of study objects analysis shows that most of 78 articles were without description of bibliographical details and publication related situation. Not more than 10% of articles include anyasis of editions and the first type editions were mostly used for research purpose. The analysis of editions of study object shows that two editions of Nogeoldae Enhae and Bunyok Nogeoldae are being used as major object of studies.

「사고전서」의 검색과 활용에 대한 연구

한미경 한국서지학회 2012 서지학연구 Vol.53 No.-

Sahgojeonseo is a series of books which was made by royal order in the year of Keonryung of Ching days. For the purpose of search and utilization of Sahgojeonseo, the publication, storage, and maintenance of Sahgojeonseo was generally examined and the following investigations were conducted through this study. Firstly, in the case of the 18-9th centuries of search and utilization of Sahgojeonseo, the study was conducted based on distinction between 1) Sahgojeonseo catalogues 2) withdrawal and supplementation of books listed in Sahgojeonseo 3) unlisted book catalogue of Sahgojeonseo. Secondly, in case of the 20th century-the present time of search and utilization of Sahgojeonseo, the study was conducted based on distinction between printed media, electronic media and search and utilization of Korea's search and utilization of Sahgojeonseo. In the case of printed media, the study was conducted based on distinction between 1) explanation of Sahgojeonseo, 2) revision to Jaeyo, 3) study on catalog, 4) study on historical research and kinds of books, 5) catalogues of prohibited books and titles and 6) source of information search. In case of electronic media, the study was conducted based on the distinction between on-line and off-line electronic media.

「강희자전」 전래본의 조사 분석과 현대적 활용 연구

한미경 한국서지학회 2013 서지학연구 Vol.54 No.-

「康熙字典」은 청대 강희의 칙명으로 편찬된 고대 최대의 자전으로 역대 자서를 집대성하여 만들었으며 처음으로 자전이라는 이름을 사용하였다. 본 연구는 「강희자전」의 국내외 전래본 조사 분석과 현대적 활용을 목적으로 다음과 같이 연구를 진행하였다. 1) 자전의 정의와 중국과 한국의 자전 분류를 살폈으며, 「강희자전」의 편찬과 관련하여 저자와 구성 및 장점과 단점을 고찰하고 다양한 판본에 대하여 기술하였다. 2) 국내의 경우 국립중앙도서관과 규장각 외에 대학도서관의 소장본을 조사 분석하였으며, 국외의 경우 중국과 대만 및 미국 등의 전래본을 조사 분석하였다. 3) 국립중앙도서관 소장의 13종 중 원문 데이터베이스가 구축되어 있는 5종을 대상으로 비교 분석하였다. 4) 「강희자전」의 현대적 활용을 위하여 현대에 이루어진 「강희자전」에 대한 새로운 수정본과 교감본 그리고 전자판의 간행과 구출을 조사하였다.

李珥의 「學校模範」에 대한 서지적 고찰

한미경 한국서지학회 2023 서지학연구 Vol.93 No.-

This study was conducted with a view to bibliographical analysis on Hagkyomobeom which is Yulgok Rhee Lee’s educational discipline. The following is the findings of this study. Hagkyomobeom was written top on the back of Lee Rhee’s Eunbyeongjeongsahagkyu composition experience (in 1577) and King Seonjo’s order and for the purpose of making up for what is lacking in educational discipline. Hagkyomobeom consists of overview, 16 articles and appendices and the records of these writings appear in Seonjosujeongshilok, Yulgokseonsaengjeonseo and some literary collections. Meanwhile, with respect to records related to Hagkyomobeom, this study analyzed wrong writings of article numbers in Seonjosujeongshilok, followings of such wrong writings found in Dongsayag and Gukjobogam, and errors in years of writings found in such literature as Songjadaejeon, Yulgokseonsaengjeonseo, Shindogjaejeonseo and Chudamseonsaengmunjib and mistaking of authors for different ones which was caused by improper classifications of some literature into other miscellaneous journals. This study found out that hereditary version of Hagkyomobeom has been passed down to mainly literary collections and official documents, disciplinary collections, local education centers documents and provincial documents. And it provided analysis on the slight differences between Yulgokseonsaengjeonseo, Nagjaeseonsaengmunjib, Deoghaenggyobeom and Gangwongamyeonggwancheob as a result of version comparison. On top of Hongjaejeonseo, the value of Hagkyomobeom is discussed in literary collections of scholar in various ways. In addition to times of Seonjo which was at the time of the writing, this study conducts the order for national level application of Hagkyomobeom for educational purpose and usage record at Seowon at the time ranging from Hyeonjong, Sugjoing, Jeongjo, Gojong to Sunjong. Furthermore, in discipline such as Seogshilseonwon and Munhwaseowonhagkyu, it was analyzed Hagkyomobeom was utilized. In other words, Hagkyomobeom can be the educational discipline which was used for more than 400 years which ranges from Seonjo to Sunjong.

음보에 대한 서지적 연구

한미경 한국서지학회 2023 서지학연구 Vol.95 No.-

With a view to conducting bibliographical analysis of Eumbo, this study conducted an investigation and a comparative analysis of contents of the hereditary version of Eumbo. Muneum is the government official appointment system of Joseon times, which was based on each of their family backgrounds, and its operation was based on regulation related to official legislation. While the records of those who passed state examination to select officials for civil and military services were published by Bangmok, Eumgwan is representative records of Eumbo which takes the form of Palsebo. Therefore, Eumbo (TK2290.4 4305) possessed by Havard Yenching Library, that (Go929.3-Eu55) by Gyujanggak and that (Go929.3-Eu55) by National Library of Korea, was chosen as the research subject, considering that they include the largest number of family names among the hereditary versions, And the comparative study on these three Eumbos were conducted in terms of family names, family origins, records of main texts and examples of Lee of Jeonju origin. As a result, Havard collection showed the biggest number of total persons and family origins, while overall, showing peculiarities in terms of examples and the subsequent symbol indication of office organization and post and records of central part of book, records of the deceased and details of persons and so on. While Gyujanggak collection shows the largest number of records of persons’ appointment as civil service officials while being particular in terms of the records of first government post names. In the case of Gyujanggak collection, it was found out that that the records of government post names by a variety of persons and posthumous symbol indications and revised names were added to the version. Overall, Eumbo, which is typical and specialized genealogy, shows difference in every respect, especially in terms of composition and listed numbers of family names and main texts, total number of listed persons, forms and contents of main text records and person detail records. It is analyzed that while palsebo was composed on the basis of bangmok when it comes to the civil and military officers, Eumbo was composed on the basis of composers or composers' families, implicitly exhibiting their prestige.