터널 풍도슬라브의 내화성능향상에 관한 실험연구 : 터널화재 내화성능

최우진 선문대학교 일반대학원 2024 국내박사

터널 풍도슬라브의 내화성능향상에 관한 실험연구 최우진 산업공학과, 재난안전전공 선문대학교 일반대학원 최근들어 운영중인 도로 및 철도의 터널에서 화재가 발생했다는 뉴스가 빈번하게 전해지고 있으며 이로 인하여 심각한 경제적, 사회적인 손실이 초 래되고 있는 실정이다. 이처럼 밀폐된 공간인 터널 내 화재가 발생될 경우 구조물을 구성하고 있는 철근과 콘크리트체의 강도저하로 인한 터널의 붕 괴가 유발되어 인명피해 뿐만 아니라 사회기반시설(SOC)인 교통망을 장시 간 마비시키는 등 큰 재난으로 확산되는 사례들이 전해지고 있다. 건설·계획이 늘어나고 있는 장대터널에서 환기방식으로 채택되고 있는 풍도 슬라브는 밀폐된 공간의 특성상 운영중 진동 및 내부 공기압 등이 존 재하게 된다. 이러한 터널 및 지하차도 등의 환경에 의하여 적용된 내화재 료 등이 운영중에 박락·탈락되는 유발할 우려가 있으며, 내화기준을 충족하 지 못할 경우 터널내의 화재로 인해 구조물의 내구성에 심각한 문제가 초 래될 수 있다. 터널 구조물에 대한 내화대책의 수립은 화재에 의한 터널 내부 콘크리 트의 내구성 감소를 방지하며 급속한 연기확산을 지연시킴으로써 터널 이 용자의 안전한 피난여건이 확보될 수 있도록 도움을 제공할 수 있고 소방 대원의 소화활동이 원활하게 진행될 수 있는 여건을 만들어 주기 위해서도 반드시 필요한 사항이다. 이와 함께 콘크리트 내구성저하로 인한 터널 붕괴 로 인해 발생되는 2차적인 재해를 예방하고, 터널 보수·보강에 소요되는 시 간과 교통통제 및 복구비 등에 따른 사회·경제적인 손실을 최소화하는 역 할을 기대할 수 있다. 장대터널의 횡류식 환기방식으로 풍도슬라브를 채택하는 경우가 늘어나 고 있는데 본 연구에서는 내화패널을 부착한 풍도슬라브 공법과 내화몰탈 일체형 풍도슬라브 공법을 연구대상으로 고려하였다. 도로터널의 화재안전 성을 높이기 위해 국토교통부는 2021년 4월 14일에 “도로터널 내화지침'을 고시하였는데, 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 내화재료가 사용된 풍도슬래브에 대하여 부착성능측정시험(Pull-off test)과 피로시험을 실시하고 이후 구조 성능시험과 부착성능시험 및 피로시험을 실시하였다. 내화재료로 사용된 두 께 30 mm의 내화몰탈과 내화패널에 대한 실험결과, 콘크리트의 손상을 판 단하는 위치인 슬라브 표면(t=0 mm)의 위치에서의 최대온도와 철근의 손 상을 판단하는 위치인 깊이(t=25 mm)에서의 최대온도는 국제터널협회 (ITA, 2004)에서 제시한 콘크리트와 철근의 한계온도 이하로 나타났 다. 실험결과를 통해 볼 때 내화재료로 사용된 두께 30 mm인 내화패널과 일체형 내화몰탈 프리캐스트 PSC 슬라브 실험체는 최악의 조건을 고려한 RWS 화재시나리오 상황에서 구조물을 안정적으로 보호할 수 있는 내화성 능을 갖는 것으로 평가되었다. 주제어 : 터널화재, 폭렬, 풍도슬라브, 내화재료, 한계온도, 내화성능, 화 재이력곡선, 기초성능실험, 구조성능실험

고유어 접두사를 활용한 어휘교육

최우진 전북대학교 교육대학원 2008 국내석사

This thesis attempts to prevent the disturbance of the native prefix in grammar books or dictionaries by limiting the definition and scope of the proper prefix in modern korean and preparing the objective criterion by prescribing possible details for vocabulary education. still now when students study Korean prefix, they have so much difficult problem. This study is based on that point. On this premise, this study aims at presenting a Korean proper prefix index and an educational methods of Korean proper prefix to students. To solve these problem, contrary to the former scholars, this study establishes five selective features. And I grasp the difference between a root and prefix, a pre-noun and prefix, an adverb and prefix and I show up standard for making educational prefix. I look for prefixes in school grammar in order to present gradational prefixes for helping students to study Korean prefixes more effectively. And I deal whit a special quality of prefix such as configuration, meaning, translating of the etymology. Then I show up a educational device of prefix. The purpose of this study is that help students to study Korean proper prefix, so this study presents an Korean prefix index and educational method of prefix. But the most important problem in this work is the one of prefixes of a word written in chinese characters occupying the majority of all prefixes. And the education methods of prefixes are presented in this study are not verified in actual classroom situation. I hope that this limits can overcome after making Korean prefix index and Korean vocabulary education method more develop.

아민 기능화 다중벽 탄소나노튜브가 포함된 에폭시 나노복합재의 경화 거동 및 특성

최우진 충북대학교 대학원 2007 국내석사

To take full advantage of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcing materials, homogeneous dispersion and strong interfacial bonding are essential. Therefore, in this study, amine functionalization of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was performed via treating pristine MWNTs with 4-aminobenzoic acid in polyphosphoric acid. The functionalization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Using the functionalized MWNTs, epoxy/MWNT nanocomposites were prepared, and their curing behavior and physical properties were investigated. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to obtain experimental kinetic data for curing kinetic analysis. The functionalized MWNTs accelerated the curing rate of the nanocomposite system. An autocatalytic reaction mechanism could describe adequately the curing kinetics of the epoxy/MWNT nanocomposite system. The kinetic parameters were determined by fitting the DSC conversion data to the kinetic equation using the Marquardt's multivariable nonlinear regression and Runge-Kutta integration techniques. The functionalization induced strong interfacial bonding between the epoxy matrix and the MWNTs, and resulted in considerable improvements in the properties of the nanocomposites. Fracture surfaces of the nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 탄소나노튜브가 갖는 낮은 분산 안정성과 결합력의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 탄소나노튜브를 표면개질 시키고 FT-IR과 TGA, SEM을 이용하여 이를 확인하였다. 표면개질된 탄소나노튜브를 이용하여 나노복합재료를 제조하고 경화거동 및 특성을 조사하였다. 경화거동은 DSC를 이용하여 조사하였고, 표면개질된 탄소나노튜브의 함량이 증가할수록 반응 속도는 증가하였다. 반응속도식의 parameters들은 DSC 전환율 데이터로부터 multivariable nonlinear regression과 intergration techniques을 이용하여 결정하였다. UTM을 이용하여 나노복합재료의 굴곡강도를 측정하고, 파괴단면을 SEM으로 조사하였다. TMA를 이용하여 나노복합재료의 열팽창계수 및 유리전이온도를 측정하였고, DMA를 이용하여 물리적 성질을 측정하였다. 이와 같은 열적, 물리적 특성의 측정을 통하여 개질된 탄소나노튜브 표면의 amine group이 수지와의 결합력 및 분산 안정성을 높여 물성 향상에 기여하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

디지털 방식의 인접면 접촉 강도 측정 장치의 개발 및 평가

최우진 조선대학교 2007 국내박사

The proper contact relation between adjacent teeth in each arch plays an important role in the stability and maintenance of the integrity of the dental arches. Proximal contact has been defined as the area of a tooth that is in close association, connection, or touch with an adjacent tooth in the same arch. The aim of this study was to develop a digital device for measuring the proximal tooth contact tightness by pulling a thin stainless steel strip (2mm wide, 0.03mm thick) inserted between proximal tooth contact. This device consists of measuring part, sensor part, motor part and body part. The stainless steel strip was connected to a stain gauge. The strain gauge was designed to convert the frictional force into a compressive force. This compressive force was detected as a electrical signal and the electrical signal was digitalized by a A/D converter. The digital signals were displayed by a micro-processor. The measuring part is moved by pushing a start button. The pulling speed was 8mm/s. For testing reliability of the device in vivo, two healthy young adults (A, B) participated in this experiment. The tightness of proximal tooth contact between the second premolar and the first molar of mandible (subject A) and maxilla (subject B) was measured fifteen times for three days at rest. We examined the accuracy of the device with a Universal Testing Machine. Output signals from the Universal Testing Machine and the measuring device were compared. Regression analysis showed high linearity between these two signal. In vivo test, no significant differences were found between measurements. This device has shown to be capable of producing reliable and reproducible results in measuring proximal tooth contact. Therefore, it was considered that this device was appropriated to apply clinically.

O_2 객체지향 데이터베이스 시스템에서 불완전 정보 표현에 관한연구

최우진 朝鮮大學校 大學院 1994 국내석사

Object-Oriented data model provides possibility of various types of information utilization in a real world computing, therefore database system should have a capability of incomplete information management. To define an object-oriented data model, we use the O_(2) Object-oriented database system, and suggest some representation for incomplete information manipulation. O_(2) is an object-oriented database system in which information is organized as an object with an identity, encapsulate data and behavior. Incomplete information can be expressed within an object instance using null value. Some interesting analogies are shown in the way that nested relational data model and the object-oriented model express empty set.

서비스과업 요인이 고객만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 의료기관을 중심으로

최우진 상지대학교 1998 국내석사

플라즈마 및 후막공정을 이용한 광전기 화학셀 제작

최우진 경성대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

A layer of TiO2 thin film less than ∼200nm in thickness, as a blocking layer, was deposited by 13.56 MHz radio frequency magnetron sputtering method directly onto the anode electrode to be isolated from the electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). This is to prevent the electrons from back-transferring from the electrode to the electrolyte (I-/I3-). The presented DSCs were fabricated with working electrode of F:SnO2(FTO) glass coated with blocking TiO2 layer, dye-attached nanoporous TiO2 layer, gel electrolyte and counter electrode of Pt-deposited FTO glass. The effects of blocking layer were studied with respect to impedance and conversion efficiency of the cells. The ,electrochemical impedances of DSCs using this electrode were R1: 22.1, R2: 40.6, R3: 23.2 and Rh: 26.2Ω. The R2 impedance related by electron movement from nanoporous TiO2 to TCO showed lower than that of normal DSCs. The photo-conversion efficiency of prepared DSCs was 6.74% (Voc: 0.715V, Jsc: 12.93 mA/cm2, ff: 0.73) and approximately 1.17% higher than general DSCs sample. In addition, From the impedance profiles, the samples at > 60 nm show low Rh properties, which were about 80% for the samples at < 40nm. A clear decrease with the increase in the TiO2 layer thickness can be recognized for Rh. The maximum efficiency of the DSCs sample with a TiO2 blocking layer of 60 nm thickness was ~6.74% (Voc: 0.715V, Jsc: 12.93 mA/cm2, ff: 0.73), while the value of the sample of 20 nm thickness was ~5.82% (Voc: 0.707 V, Jsc: 12.12 mA/cm2, ff: 0.68). The maximum efficiency of 6.74% is to be enhanced by 1.17% compared to the general cell without blocking layer. Furthermore, the ff is related to the series resistance, Rs, of the cells and Voc is related to the potential difference between the TiO2 and the electrolyte in the cell. This indicates that the conductivity and porosity of the TiO2 layers slightly affect the series resistance of the cell and the Fermi level of the TiO2 electrode. On the other hand, Jsc and h show distinct variations with TiO2 blocking layer thicknesses. Jsc is the most influential factor on the cell efficiency, although many other factors in combination can affect the cell efficiency. From the results, the values of Jsc at > 60 nm are higher compared with those at < 40nm. The variation of Jsc can be explained as follows. In DSCs, Jsc is closely related to electron generation, electron transport, and electron diffusion. The Rh of the TiO2/FTO layers is the lowest at > 60nm. The low Rh can improve the electron transport and mobility; therefore, it increases the Jsc. electrochemiluminescence (ECL) cell using nanocrysralline TiO2 electrode and Ru(Ⅱ) complex (Ru(bpy)32+) is fabricated for low-cost high-efficient energy conversion device application. The nanocrysralline TiO2 layer (∼10µm thickness) with large surface area (∼360m2/g) can largely inject electrons from nanoporous TiO2 electrode and allows the oxidation/reduction of Ru(Ⅱ) complex in the nanopores. The cell structure is composed of a glass/ F-doped SnO2(FTO)/ porous TiO2/ Ru(Ⅱ) complex in acetonitrile/ FTO/ glass. The nanocrysralline TiO2 layer is prepared using sol-gel combustion method. The ECL efficiency of the cell consisting of the porous TiO2 layers was 250 cd/W, which was higher than that consisting of only FTO electrode (50cd/W). The nanoporous TiO2 layers was effective for increasing ECL intensities.

백서의 신경세포에서 methylprednisolone에 의해서 조절되는 유전자의 DNA microarray 분석

최우진 충남대학교 대학원 2008 국내박사

Methylprednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid which is usually taken intravenously for many neurosurgical diseases which cause edema including brain tumor, and trauma including spinal cord injury. Methylprednisolone reduces swelling and decreases the body's immune response. It is also used to treat many immune and allergic disorders, such as arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. To identify genes expressed during methylprednisolone treatment against neurons of rats (PC12 cells), DNA microarray method was used. I have isolated 2 gene groups (up- or down-regulated genes) which are methylprednisolone differentially expressed in neurons. Lipocalin 3 is the gene most significantly increased among 772 up-regulated genes (more than 2 fold over-expression) and Aristaless 3 is the gene most dramatically decreased among 959 down-regulated genes (more than 2 fold down-expression). The gene increased expression of Fgb, Thbd, Cfi, F3, Kng1, Serpine1, C3, Tnfrsf4 and Il8rb are involved stress-response gene, and Nfkbia, Casp7, Pik3r1, Il1b, Unc5a, Tgfb2, Kitl and Fgf15 are strongly associated with development. Cell cycle associated genes (Mcm6, Ccnb2, Plk1, Ccnd1, E2f1, Cdc2a, Tgfa, Dusp6, Id3) and cell proliferation associated genes (Ccl2, Tnfsf13, Csf2, Kit, Pim1, Nr3c1, Chrm4, Fosl1, Spp1) are down-regulated more than 2 times by methylprednisolone treatment. Among the genes described above, 4 up-regulated genes are confirmed those expression by RT-PCR. I found that methylprednisolone is related to expression of many genes associated with stress response, development, cell cycle, and cell proliferation by DNA microarray analysis. However, I think further experimental molecular studies will be needed to figure out the exact biological function of various genes described above and the physiological change of neuronal cells by methylprednisolone. The resulting data will give the one of the good clues for understanding of methylprednisolone under molecular level in the neurons.

유로리틴 A 투여와 지구성 운동이 마우스의 운동수행능력, 골격근 미토콘드리아의 기능 및 단백질 전환에 미치는 효과

최우진 수원대학교 2025 국내박사

Urolithin A, a metabolite derived from ellagitannins found in pomegranate and other fruits, has recently garnered attention for its potential effects on exercise performance. However, the effects of urolithin A on exercise performance are not yet clear, and the mechanisms supporting these effects are not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of UroA (Urolithin A) on protein metabolism and exercise performance in skeletal muscle. This study investigated the effects of an 8-week administration of Urolithin A (10 mg/kg/day) and/or an 8-week endurance exercise training on body composition, blood parameters, exercise performance, mitochondrial function, and protein turnover in skeletal muscles using a mouse model. The present study showed that only the Exe+Oil group showed a significant decrease in body weight compared to the Sed+Oil group during weeks 7 and 8, while daily food intake significantly increased in both exercise groups (Exe+Oil & Exe+UroA) (p<0.05). Blood triglyceride, cholesterol, and ketone (β-hydroxybutyrate) levels were significantly reduced in both exercise groups compared to the sedentary group. While exercise increased blood glucose levels, Urolithin A supplementation significantly decreased these levels in the Exe+UroA group (p<0.05). Endurance exercise performance was significantly increased in the exercise groups (Exe+Oil & Exe+UroA) compared to the non-exercise groups (Sed+Oil & Sed+UroA) from week 4 onwards. Additionally, at weeks 6 and 8, the Exe+UroA group showed further significant improvements compared to the Exe+Oil group (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between groups in grip strength and hanging time. Proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle were significantly increased in the Sed+UroA, Exe+Oil, and Exe+UroA groups compared to the Sed+Oil group (p<0.05). Additionally, PGC-1α protein levels were further significantly increased in the Exe+UroA group compared to the Sed+UroA and Exe+Oil groups (p<0.05). Autophagy-related proteins in skeletal muscle were significantly increased in the Sed+UroA, Exe+Oil, and Exe+UroA groups compared to the Sed+Oil group (p<0.05). Furthermore, these proteins were significantly higher in the Exe+UroA group compared to the Exe+Oil and Sed+UroA groups (p<0.05). Proteins related to skeletal muscle synthesis were significantly increased only in the Exe+UroA group (p<0.05). Although Urolithin A activated the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, which is crucial for muscle protein synthesis, it did not result in substantial changes in muscle mass. Both urolithin A treatment alone and endurance exercise alone, as well as the combined treatment of endurance exercise training and urolithin A, showed significant differences in endurance exercise performance. In particular, the combined treatment of exercise training and urolithin A demonstrated a synergistic effect compared to the individual treatments. This phenomenon appears to result from the effective degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria and the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis through skeletal muscle mitophagy, autophagy, and biosynthesis, which leads to improved protein synthesis and energy capacity within skeletal muscle cells. Therefore, it is suggested that urolithin A may have potential as an ergogenic agent.

비음운론적 기제에 의한 어미 재구조화 연구

최우진 서울대학교 대학원 2025 국내석사

This study aims to describe in detail how non-phonological mechanisms are involved in the restructuring of endings in Korean. It has been found that non-phonological mechanisms, such as morphological processes and mechanisms driven by semantic change, can play a role in the restructuring of ending morphemes. The main morphological mechanisms proposed in this study are contamination and reanalysis. Additionally, semantic changes affecting restructuring are discussed in two major categories: the ‘loss’ of semantic functions and the ‘shift’ of semantic functions. The mechanism of contamination is observed in the processes of change in the connective ending /-어야/ and the prefinal endings /-는-/, /-사옵-/ in Korean. These changes, such as ‘/-어ᅀᅡ/ &gt; /-어야/’, ‘/-ᄂᆞ-/ &gt; /-는-/’ and ‘/-ᄉᆞᆸ-/ &gt; /-사옵-/’, reflect influences between different morphemes or between allomorphs of the one single morpheme that are difficult to explain purely through phonological reasoning. Reanalysis primarily contributes to the formation of bind vowels in verb ending changes. This mechanism is evident in the development of the prefinal ending /-(으)오-/ and the final ending /-(으)오/, both derived from the original form /-ᅀᆞᇦ-/. Besides, the reanalysis mechanism could also be found in some part of the restructuring process of /-느X/ type endings. The restructuring of verb endings through ‘semantic change’ predominantly affects the combinatory structure of endings. The prefinal ending for the present tense /-ᄂᆞ-/ during the Middle Korean period, came to lose its semantic function as a present tense marker, leading to the unification of the ending combination form /-느-X/ into a single morpheme type /-느X/ in Modern Korean. The declarative sentence ending /-네/ and the interrogative sentence ending /-니/ are not only related to the loss of the semantic function of /-ᄂᆞ-/ but also show a tendency to become more condensed over time, going beyond a simple single-morpheme form. And the semantic function of /-ᅀᆞᇦ-/ turned ‘object honorification’ into ‘addressee honorification.’ This change, along with the shift of semantic function from /-(으)이-/ to /-ᄉᆞᆸ-/ in the combinatory final form, resulted in the creation of new endings such as /-습니다/ and /-소~-오/. When morphemes undergo restructuring, they inevitably involve changes in phonological units. Consequently, restructuring phenomena have often been discussed within the domain of diachronic phonological change. This study seeks to differentiate between phonological and grammatical perspectives, thereby distinguishing the phonological and non-phonological aspects of the restructuring process. By doing so, it aims to provide a more detailed and systematic account of these processes. 본 연구는 한국어의 어미가 재구조화하는 과정에서 비음운론적인 기제가 어떻게 관여하는지에 대하여 구체적으로 기술하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 어미 형태소가 재구조화할 때 비음운론적인 기제로 형태론적인 기제와 의미변화에 의한 기제가 작용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본고에서 제시한 형태론적인 주요 기제는 감염과 재분석이 있고, 재구조화에 영향을 주는 의미변화는 크게 의미기능의 ‘소멸’, 그리고 의미기능의 ‘전이’ 두 가지로 나누어 다루었다. 감염의 기제는 한국어의 연결어미 /-어야/와 선어말어미 /-는-/, /-사옵-/의 변화 과정에서 발견된다. 이들은 서로 다른 형태소 간, 또는 같은 형태소의 이형태 간에 음운론적으로는 설명하기 어려운 영향을 미치면서 ‘/-어ᅀᅡ/ &gt; /-어야/’, ‘/-ᄂᆞ-/ &gt; /-는-/’, ‘/-ᄉᆞᆸ-/ &gt; /-사옵-/’ 등의 변화를 이루었다. 재분석의 기제는 어미 변화에서 주로 매개모음의 형성에 관여하였다. 본문에서는 /-ᅀᆞᇦ-/을 기원으로 두는 선어말어미 /-(으)오-/와 종결어미 /-(으)오/의 형성에서, 그리고 /-느X/류 어미의 재구조화 과정 일부에서도 그 기제를 확인할 수 있다. 의미변화에 의한 어미의 재구조화는 대부분 어미의 결합 구조에서 작용한다. 중세 한국어 시기 현재시제 선어말어미 /-ᄂᆞ-/가 현재시제로서의 의미기능을 잃으면서 현대에는 /-느-X/의 어미 결합형이 /-느X/류의 어미로 단일형태소화하였다. 평서형 어미 /-네/와 의문형 어미 /-니/는 /-ᄂᆞ-/의 의미기능 소멸과 관련하여 단일형태소화에 그치지 않고, 통시적으로 그 형태가 더 응축된 사례이기도 하다. /-ᅀᆞᇦ-/은 의미기능이 ‘객체높임’에서 ‘청자높임’으로 바뀌고, 종결형에서 /-(으)이-/로부터 의미기능이 전이되어 새로운 어미 /-습니다/, /-소~-오/ 등을 형성하였다. 형태소가 재구조화를 이룰 때는 필연적으로 음운의 단위가 바뀌게 된다. 이 때문에 재구조화 현상은 통시적인 음운변화의 영역에서 많이 다루어져 왔다. 이번 연구는 음운변화의 관점과 문법론적인 관점을 구별함으로써, 재구조화의 과정에서 음운론적인 부분과 비음운론적인 부분을 나누고 이를 구체화하여 제시하고자 한 데에 의의를 둔다.