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이헌미(Hunmi Lee) 역사학연구소 2021 역사연구 Vol.- No.42
“모든 것은 1990년대부터 시작되었다.” 우에노 지즈코의 이 명제는 위안부 운동과 담론을 둘러싼 역사적 소실점을 명쾌하게 보여준다. 이러한 사회적 기억의 소실점에 1991년 김학순의 실명 증언이 놓여 있다. 일본군위안부 문제는 여성의 신체에 대한 자유와 존엄성을 공권력이 조직적으로 훼손한 범죄라는 측면에서 여성인권 규범적 특수성을 가진다. 이 글은, 역사의 가속화가 만들어낸 사회적 기억의 단기 소실점을 넘어서, 일본군위안부의 현재사에서 망각되고 누락된 지점을 짚어 보려고 한다. 특히 한국 정부의 식민지배 및 태평양전쟁 피해자에 대한 정치적 책임에 주목한다. 전쟁과 식민지배, 권위주의 국가폭력 피해자들에 대한 정부 책임을 법적 책임과 도의적 책임으로 나누고, 배상과 보상이라는 물질적 프레임으로만 접근할 때, 피해자 집단은 분열하고 과거사 정리는 요원하다. 그런 면에서 어떤 사회에서는 전쟁도, 식민지배의 역사도 끝나지 않는다. 이 글은 식민주의와 포스트식민의 법 구조를 구조적 부정의의 맥락에서 검토하면서, 또한 민주 국가의 정치적 책임성의 프레임 안에서, 글로벌 젠더 정의와 일본군위안부 문제에 대한 논의가 심화될 가능성을 모색한다. “It’s all started in the 1990s.” Chizuko Ueno’s proposition clearly shows the historical vanishing point surrounding the comfort women movement and its discourse. At this vanishing point of social memory lies the testimony of Kim Hak-sun in 1991 under her real name. This article tries to go beyond the short-term vanishing point of social memory created by the acceleration of history, and to point out the forgotten and omitted points in the contemporary history of the comfort women of the Japanese military. Particular attention is paid to the political accountability of the Korean government to the victims of colonial rule and the Pacific War. Examining the legal structures of colonialism and post-colonialism in the context of structural injustice, discussions on global gender justice and the Japanese military comfort women issue should deepen within the framework of political accountability in a democratic state.
이헌미(Hunmi Lee) 한국국제정치학회 2015 국제정치논총 Vol.55 No.3
The Chos?on-Ming relations under the tribute system can be explained as strategic interactions between the powerful and the weak in asymmetric alliances. The rise of Japan and Jurchen in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century changed the regional structure, and the bilateral alliance with Ming could not guarantee the Chos?on its security. This paper examines how tribute missions functioned as an institutional framework to maintain the Chos?on-Ming alliance in times of crisis. The reliability perception was a key factor in this procedure.
이헌미(Hunmi Lee) 한국국제정치학회 2017 국제정치논총 Vol.57 No.2
This article reviews the controversy over Yu-ha Park’s book “Comfort Women of the Empire” in terms of ‘politics of memory.’ The book denies Japanese legal responsibility, emphasizes the collaborative role of the colonial Korean comfort women, and shows a very problematic understanding of wartime sex slavery. Many researchers in both Korea and Japan have criticized “Comfort Women of the Empire” from the point of view of international law, history, and feminist studies. Since the 1990s, the possibility of alternative and counter narratives to official history has been steadily sought from all over the world in the wave of post-Cold war and democratization. The genealogy of “Comfort Women of the Empire” is found at the intersection of post-modern historical epistemology and neo-nationalism. “Comfort Women of the Empire” dealt with the contradictory memories of different subjects surrounding the comfort women issue, as stated in the subtitle “Colonial Rule and the Struggle of Memory.” As the flares were thrown into the battlefields in the middle of the night, the controversy sparked by this book unfolds the irregular terrain of the comfort women issue in the Korean society. In this paper, I introduce the feminist, literary, and international studies approaches to the issue of comfort women and criticize Yu-ha Parks representation and narratives of comfort women.