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The government is increasing its investment in R&D by over 10% annually and part of the increase is for the innovation of non-metropolitan areas. The reason for the financial investment expansion of R&D for non-metropolitan areas is that such areas will play a major role in the nation's future economic growth. The investment expansion aims to help communities in the areas lay the foundations for their own independent economic growth. The growth of their strategic industries will be the groundwork for the nation's sustainable economic growth. However, there has rarely been investment that is appropriate for the areas' specialized industries or mid- and long-term industry development strategies. Despite the massive amount of the financial investment, diversified investment by top-down arbitrary budget sharing is decreasing the investment efficiency in the areas' IT sector and thus harms their balanced development. Meanwhile, the IT sector of Chungbuk province is an exception: a growing number of start-up companies are entering the province. The sector has indirectly contributed to the area's growth by increasing its income except in the case of recessions. However, it has not been successful in bringing employment stabilization, a direct effect of IT industries to the growth of their areas. Also, it is heavily dependent on the government's R&D investment for its competitiveness. With such investment being focused on the metropolitan area, it is not making a significant contribution to the growth of Chungbuk. This study looks into the core strategic industries and R&D projects of Chungbuk. In the process, it aims to maximize the result of the R&D projects and provide plans for the continuous growth of the province's industries.
어린이집 조직문화 인식과 갈등관리 전략이 직무만족에 미치는 영향 : 보육교사 X, M, Z세대 간 비교
이미희 연세대학교 교육대학원 2024 국내석사
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the organizational culture of daycare centers and conflict management strategies on job satisfaction according to generational classification. The participants were 498 early childhood teachers working in daycare centers. To measure job satisfaction, this study used Korean Childcare Teacher’s Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Cho (2011) that modified by Jeong (2017). For the measurement of the organizational culture of daycare, this study used the scale of Park (2012) that modified to be suitable for early childhood education institutions, which was based on the tools developed by Quinn & Mcgrath (1985), Seo(1986), and Lee(1997) to measure the type of school organizational culture. In this study, to survey conflict management strategies, the researcher modified and used the study tool developed Rahim (1983) and adapted from Beak (2004). The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation analysis for identifying the relationship between the measurements variables. In addition, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the relative influence of organizational culture in daycare centers and conflict management strategies on job satisfaction. The results of this study were as follows. First, there were significant differences in the early childhood teacher’s perceived a organizational culture, conflict management strategies, and job satisfaction between Generations X, M and Z. Second, the organizational culture of daycare centers, conflict management strategies, and job satisfaction showed a positive correlation by Generations X, M and Z teacher’s group. In the Generation X teachers group, progressive and collective culture of the daycare centers’s organizational culture showed a positive correlation with job satisfaction. And it was revealed that the integrated, considerate, dominant and negotiable types of conflict management strategies had a positive correlation. At the same time, Generation M teachers group, progressive, collective and authoritative culture of the daycare centers’s organizational culture showed a positive correlation with job satisfaction. And it was revealed that the integrated, considerate, dominant and negotiable types of conflict management strategies had a positive correlation. On the other hand, Generation Z teachers group, progressive and collective culture of the daycare centers’s organizational culture showed a positive correlation with job satisfaction. And it was revealed that the integrated, considerate, dominant and negotiable types of conflict management strategies had a positive correlation. Third, the organizational culture of daycare centers and conflict management strategies affected job satisfaction all Generations X, M and Z teachers. In the Generation X teacher’s group, progressive and collective culture of the daycare centers’s organizational culture had a positive effect on job satisfaction. And it was revealed that the integrated and dominant types of conflict management strategies had a positive impact on job satisfaction. In comparison, Generation M teacher’s group, progressive and collective culture of the daycare centers’s organizational culture had a positive effect on job satisfaction. And it was revealed that the considerate types of conflict management strategies had a positive impact on job satisfaction. On the other hand, Generation Z teacher’s group, progressive and collective culture of the daycare centers’s organizational culture had a positive effect on job satisfaction. And it was revealed that the dominant type of conflict management strategies had a positive impact on job satisfaction. In conclusion, organizational culture of daycare centers and conflict management strategies has a direct impact on the early childhood teachers’ job satisfaction. And there were significant differences in organizational culture of daycare centers, conflict management strategies, and job satisfaction depending on the teacher's generation. It is important to understand the differences between teachers of multiple generations who are members of a daycare center organization and attention to factors that increase job satisfaction of the multiple generations teacher. 본 연구에서는 보육교사의 어린이집 조직문화 인식과 갈등관리 전략이 직무만족에 미치는 영향력을 세대를 구분하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 어린이집에 재직 중인 보육교사 417명이다. 어린이집 조직문화 측정 도구로는 Quinn과 Mcgrath(1985)와 서인덕(1986), 이석열(1997)의 학교 조직문화 유형 도구를 바탕으로 서영란(2006)이 개발한 학교 조직문화 척도를 유아교육 기관에 적합하도록 수정한 박민우(2012)의 도구를 사용하였다. 갈등관리 전략 측정 도구로는 Rahim(1983)이 자신과 타인에 대한 관심 정도에 따라 갈등관리 전략을 5가지로 유형화한 ‘개인 간 갈등관리 유형 측정검사(A Measure of Styles of Handling Interpersonal Conflict)’를 백은영(2004) 번안한 도구를 수정하여 사용하였다. 직무만족 측정 도구로는 조성연 외(2011)의 ‘한국형 보육교사 직무만족 척도(Korean Childcare Teacher’s Job Satisfaction Scale: K-CTJSS)’를 정동숙(2017)이 활용한 도구를 사용하였다. 수집한 자료는 기술통계 및 일원분산분석(ANOVA)을 실시하였고 측정 변인 간의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson의 적률상관계수를 산출하였다. 또한 X세대, M세대, Z세대 보육교사의 어린이집 조직문화 인식과 갈등관리 전략이 직무만족에 미치는 상대적인 영향력을 알아보기 위하여 위계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보육교사의 어린이집 조직문화 인식, 갈등관리 전략, 직무만족은 X세대, M세대, Z세대 교사에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 보육교사의 어린이집 조직문화 인식, 갈등관리 전략, 직무만족 간 상관관계를 세대를 나누어 살펴본 결과 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 하위요인별로 살펴보자면, X세대 교사의 경우 어린이집 조직문화의 개발문화와 집단문화가, 갈등관리 전략에서는 통합형, 배려형, 지배형, 타협형이 직무만족과 정적 상관관계를 보였다. M세대 교사의 경우 어린이집 조직문화의 개발문화, 집단문화, 위계문화가, 갈등관리 전략의 통합형, 배려형, 지배형, 타협형이 직무만족과 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. Z세대 교사는 어린이집 조직문화의 개발문화, 집단문화가, 갈등관리 전략의 통합형, 배려형, 지배형, 타협형이 직무만족과 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 셋째, 보육교사의 어린이집 조직문화 인식과 갈등관리 전략이 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 세대를 나누어 살펴본 결과 X세대, M세대, Z세대 교사 모두에게 어린이집 조직문화 및 갈등관리 전략이 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. X세대 교사의 경우 어린이집 조직문화의 개발문화와 집단문화, 갈등관리 전략의 통합형과 지배형이 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, M세대 교사는 어린이집 조직문화의 개발문화와 집단문화, 갈등관리 전략의 배려형이 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. Z세대 교사는 어린이집 조직문화의 개발문화와 집단문화, 갈등관리 전략의 지배형이 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 결론적으로 보육교사가 인식하는 어린이집 조직문화, 갈등관리 전략, 직무만족에 세대 간 차이가 있었고 X세대, M세대, Z세대 교사의 직무만족에 어린이집 조직문화와 갈등관리 전략이 직접적인 영향을 미쳤다. 어린이집 조직구성원인 다중 세대의 교사들의 차이를 이해하고 직무만족을 높일 수 있는 요인에 관심을 가지는 것은 중요하다고 할 수 있다.
On marginal integration in nonparametric additive regression : 비모수적 가법회귀모형에서 부분적분 방법
비모수적 커널 회귀모형에서는 설명변수의 차원이 높아짐에 따라 추정량의 정확도가 떨어지는 문제가 발생한다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 Hastie & Tibshirani (1990) 는 가법 회귀 모형을 도입하였다. 하지만 이러한 방법으로 추정된 추정량에 대한 통계적 성질은 쉽게 알 수 없기에 이에 대한 대안으로 Linton & Nielsen (1995) 은 부분 적분 방법을 소개하였다. 이 논문에서는 주어진 가법 회귀 모형에서 얻어진 추정량에 기반을 두고, 부분 적분 방법을 적용해 얻어질 수 있는 새로운 두 가지 추정량에 대한 편의와 분산 등의 점근적 성질을 밝히고, 또한 모의실험을 통해 유한표본에서의 성질 역시 비교해 본다. In nonparametric kernel regression, the precision of estimators' gets worse as dimension of explanatory variables goes high curse of dimensionality. To solve this problem, Hastie and Tibshirani (1990) introduced Generalized Additive Model. But its statistical properties of this method are not well understood, so Linton and Nielsen proposed marginal integration method. In this thesis, we will analyze the asymptotic properties (bias, variance) of two estimators' which are based on a given estimator and applied marginal integration method. In addition, we also analyze a finite sample property through a simulation study.
기능적 활동중심 수학교수프로그램이 지적장애학생의 화폐계산능력에 미치는 효과
본 연구는 기능적 활동중심 수학교수프로그램이 지적장애학생의 화폐계산능력의 향상과 유지에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적에 따라 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 본 연구의 연구문제는 1) 기능적 활동중심 수학교수프로그램이 지적장애학생의 전반적인 화폐계산능력의 학습에 효과적인가?, 2) 기능적 활동중심 수학교수프로그램이 지적장애학생의 하위영역별 화폐계산능력(금액알기, 잔돈바꾸기, 물건값 계산하기, 거스름돈 계산하기)의 학습에 효과적인가? 이다. 위의 연구문제를 알아보기 위해 부산광역시에 거주하고 있는 중학교 지적장애학생 3명을 대상으로 단일대상 연구법의 행동간(하위영역별 화폐계산능력) 중다간헐기초선설계를 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기초선과 중재 후 검사결과 비교에서 지적장애학생의 화폐계산능력이 증가한 것으로 나타났으며 유지에도 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 기능적 활동중심 수학교수프로그램이 지적장애학생의 전반적인 화폐계산능력 학습에 긍정적인 효과를 미친다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 지적장애학생의 하위영역별 중재 결과를 보면, 중재 기간이 차이가 있긴 하나 모든 하위영역에서 능력이 향상 된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 기능적 활동중심 수학교수프로그램이 지적장애학생의 금액알기, 잔돈바꾸기, 물건값 계산하기, 거스름돈 계산하기의 모든 영역의 학습에 긍정적인 효과를 미친다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to examine how mathematics teaching program based on functional activity affects improvement and maintenance of intellectually-challenged students’ ability to calculate money. For this purpose, the following research problems have been set: 1) Is mathematics teaching program based on functional activity effective for improvement and maintenance of intellectually-challenged students’ ability to calculate money? 2) Is mathematics teaching program based on functional activity effective for intellectually-challenged students for learning the sub-domains (knowing the price, changing small changes, calculating price, calculating change)? To study these problems, a multiple probe design between behaviors (subdomains of money calculation) of single subject research was conducted with three intellectually-challenged middle school students living in Busan. First, the baseline data of the subjects in the four subdomains were collected, and then, the baseline data was collected only for knowing the price, for which mediation will be performed first, while the baseline data for the rest of the subdomains were collected periodically. The baseline data was evaluated by questionnaire. And, when the baseline of knowing the price stabilized, mediation was immediately started, and, simultaneously, the baseline data for changing small changes was collected for the second mediation. Here, mediation was discontinued if the achievement in knowing the price reached 80% for 3 times or more or if it was repeated 15 times. With the same method, mediation was performed in turn for the remaining subdomains, and, when all mediation was completed, a week of rest period was given before performing 3 times of maintenance tests were performed. The study led to the following results: First, in comparison of test results between baseline and posttest result, the ability of the intellectually-challenged students to calculate money improved and was effectively maintained. Therefore, mathematics teaching program based on functional activity had a positive effect on improvement and maintenance of intellectually-challenged students’ ability to calculate money. Second, in the result of mediation in subdomains of the intellectually-challenged students, although there was a difference in mediation period, the abilities improved in all subdomains. Therefore, mathematics teaching program based on functional activity was effective for the intellectually-challenged students for learning all sub-domains - knowing the price, changing small changes, calculating price, calculating change.
Agrobacterium sp.에서 생산된 biopolymer의 분리 및 응용에 관한 연구
Curdlan is one of biopolymer composed of β-1,3-glucan and dissolved in a alkali solution but formed salt under neutral or acid condition. It was produced by Agrobacterium species and the separation process is necessary to make pure curdlan from the culture broth. The pH swing separation method was a feasible separation process using solubility changes with the pH difference. However, this method requires a lot of acid and alkali solution also produces a lot of waste. Therefore, an efficient process which save energy and minimizes toxic waste was developed. A density gradient separation process was developed in this research. High density sucrose solution was used as a separation agent. Curdlan was separated from the culture broth when the density of the sucrose solution was 1.15 g/L. Since the curdlan was produced on the surface of cell wall, pre-treatment of culture broth was necessary. Curdlan recovery yield was increased up to 83% with the homogenization of the culture broth and further increased up to 87% with the treatment of alkali-acid solution. Effects of bioreactor type was examined using Agrobacterium sp.. Stirred tank reactor and bubble column reactor were used for the comparison of bioreactor type. Initial cell growth rates in the bubble column reactor was higher than in stirred tank reactor. But stirred tank reactor supported a better glucan production compared to bubble column reactor. Morphology was quantified by image analysis with SEM(Scanning electron microscope). Morphological differences caused by the different shear fields and different dissolved oxygen concentrations in the two reactors. The use of hydrogels as carriers for protein delivery has been a subject of significant recent research. In our work, we have shown that diffusion controlled delivery of proteins from curdlan can be possible and controlled by curdlan concentration. A class of biodegradable polymer, curdlan, was studied for its potential as a particle for controlled protein delivery. α-Amylase which is a starch-hydrolysis enzyme was loaded into particle. Reaction with loaded enzyme gels were performed in a plug flow reactor at room temperature. The activity of released enzyme was measured with UV-spectrophotometer by means of the starch-iodine method. Since the mass transfer rate increased with flow rate, the protein release rate was increased. The mechanism of protein release was found to be a convection and diffusion mass transfer. With the increase of curdlan concentration, the pore size of particle increased and the protein release rate was increased.
본 연구의 목적은 노인의 연명치료중단 사전의사결정 의도에 대한 설명모형을 개발하고 검증하는 것이다. 가설적 모형은 죽음준비도, 가족 및 동료지지의 2개 외생변수와 연명치료중단 태도, 사전의사결정 효능감, 사전의사결정 의도를 포함하는 3개의 내생변수로 구성하였다. 자료수집은 2011년 3월 14일부터 4월 2일 까지 455명의 만 65세 노인을 대상으로 하였으며, 설문지를 이용하였다. 자료 분석은 기술적 통계와 상관관계 분석을 위해 SPSS Win 18.0 program을 이용하였으며, 모형검증은 AMOS 18.0 Win program을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 가설적 모형의 전반적 부합도가 낮아 모형을 수정하였고, 수정 모형의 부합도 지수는 다음과 같다.( = 72.25 = 20, p = 0.00, = 3.61, GFI = 0.97, RMR = 0.10, RMSEA = 0.08, AGFI = 0.92, NFI = 0.96, NNFI = 0.95, PNFI = 0.54, CFI = 0.97, AIC = 122.25) 2. 가설적 모형의 8개의 가설적 경로 가운데 7개의 경로가 지지되었으며, 가설검증 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 사전의사결정 의도는 가족 및 동료지지, 연명치료중단 태도와 사전의사결정 효능감에 의해 직접적인 영향을 받으며, 가족 및 동료지지와 죽음준비도에 의해 간접적인 영향을 받았다. 이상의 변수들에 의한 사전의사결정 의도의 설명변이는 47%였다. 2) 연명치료중단 태도는 죽음준비도와 가족 및 동료지지에 의해 직접적인 영향을 받으며, 이 변수들에 의해 25% 설명되었다. 3) 사전의사결정 효능감은 죽음준비도와 가족 및 동료지지에 의해 직접적인 영향을 받으며, 이 변수들에 의해 25% 설명되었다. 이 연구결과를 통해, 노인의 연명치료중단 사전의사결정 의도에 가족 및 동료지지, 연명치료중단 태도, 사전의사결정 효능감, 죽음준비도가 영향을 미치는 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 노인의 연명치료중단 사전의사결정 의도를 증진하기 위한 간호중재는 연명치료중단 태도와 사전의사결정 효능감에 초점을 맞추어야 한다. 특히 가족 및 동료지지는 노인의 사전의사결정 의도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 결정적인 간호중재 전략이다. The purpose of this study is to develop and verify an explanatory model of the elderly?s intent of advance directives regarding the discontinuation of meaningless life-sustaining treatment. The hypothetical model was constructed with two exogenous variables?family and peer support and end-of-life preparation?and three endogenous variables?attitude toward the discontinuation of meaningless life-sustaining treatment, the efficacy of advance directives, and intent of advance directives. Data were collected from March 14 to April 2, 2011 through face-to-face interviews by using a structured questionnaire from a convenience sample of older adults. The descriptive and correlation statistics were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0, and the proposed model was tested and modified using structural equation modeling in AMOS 18.0. The hypothetical model did not provide an acceptable fit to the data, and the model was modified. Goodness-of-fit indexes indicated that the modified model fitted the data well.( = 72.25 = 20, p = 0.00, = 3.61, GFI = 0.97, RMR = 0.10, RMSEA = 0.08, AGFI = 0.92, NFI = 0.96, NNFI = 0.95, PNFI = 0.54, CFI = 0.97, AIC = 122.25) The results demonstrated that the intention of advance directives was directly influenced by family and peer support, attitude toward the discontinuation of meaningless life-sustaining treatment, and the efficacy of advance directives. In addition, the intention of advance directives was indirectly influenced by family and peer support and end-of-life preparation. Attitude toward the discontinuation of mea- ningless life-sustaining treatment was directly influenced by end-of- life preparation and family and peer support. The efficacy of advance directives was directly influenced by end-of-life preparation and family and peer support. All of the latent variables explained 47% of the variance in the intention of advance directives. The strongest predictor of the intention was family and peer support. The results of this study suggest that in order to improve the elderly?s intent of advance directives regarding the discontinuation of meaningless life-sustaining treatment, nursing interventions should focus on enhancing their attitude toward the discontinuation of meaningless life-sustaining treatment and the efficacy of advance directives. In particular, family and peer support is a crucial intervention strategy that can enhance the elderly?s intent of advance directives.