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윤준혁 한국사연구회 2022 한국사연구 Vol.- No.199
This paper examines about operation method of age-grade system (年齡等級制) in Silla(新羅) and its meaning. During the Middle Ancient Period(中古期), Silla operated the age-grade system that defined the age of 15 as an adult(丁). This system was divided into three levels: little(小)-adult-old(老). Little-adult-old originated from China’s Three Kingdoms period. In the Han(漢) dynasty, a poll tax (算賦) was implemented. But in the Three Kingdoms period, a household tax(戶調) was implemented. The establishment of the little-adult-old system was related to these changes in the tax system. Age-grade system shown in Silla Village Register(新羅村落文書) was divided into 6 level, which is subdivided compared to the Middle Ancient Period. This is related to the implementation of the poll tax connected to the reform of the land system. For example, West-Jin(西晉) added a semi adult(次丁) to the age-grade system. Age-grade system of West-Jin was divided into 5 level and more subdivided compared to the little-adult-old. This is related to the change of the Choncho(田租) from land tax to poll tax due to the reform of the land system. In Silla, a series of processes from the abolition of Nokeup(祿邑) in King Sinmun(神文王)’s period to the implementation of Jungjeon system(丁田制) in King Seongdeok(聖德王)’s period can be understood similarly. The age-grade system shown in the Silla Village Register disappears in Goryeo(高麗), leaving only the distinction between adult and old. Unlike the previous age-grade system, this distinction relates only to Yeok(役). The latter part of Silla, due to the weakening of national power and the development of agricultural productivity, Choncho was converted from poll tax to land tax. As the center of tax system shifts from labor to land, the age-grade system was abolished. In short, the age-grade system in Korean history shows the ancient characteristics that labor being the center of the tax system. In addition, through the change in the age-grade system, the social characteristics of Silla in Three Kingdoms Period, Unified Silla, and Goryeo can be compared.
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윤준혁,김도원,전재복,정상립 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1995 慶北醫大誌 Vol.36 No.1
목적 : 전풍(Tinea versicolor)은 특히 여름철에 흔한 피부에 표재성 진균 감염증으로 Malassezia furfur에 의해 발생한다^3,5,18). 본 증은 피지선의 활동이 왕성해지는 사춘기 이후 호지성(好脂性) 진균에 의해 지루부위에 호발하기 때문에 피부 표면 지질의 조성이 정상인과 차이가 있을 것으로 생각할 수 있으나, 그 변화는 대체로 없거나 뚜렷하지 않은 것으로 알려져 있으며^6,16) 최근에는 이에 대한 자세한 보고가 없다. 저자들은 여름철에 호발연령군 전풍환자의 호발부위에서 피부 표면 지질을 채취, 분석하여 그 조성 성분을 동일 조건의 정상인과 비교해봄으로써 본 중과 피부 표면 지질조성의 관계를 규명해보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1993년 6월과 7월에 경북대학교병원 피부과와 칠곡 가톨릭피부과의원을 방문한 전풍환자 중 청년 20명과 정상인 청년 20명에서 Downing 등의 ring/cup 법을 이용하여 피부 표면지질을 채취한 다음 thin layer chromatography(TLC)와 Photodensitometer로 그 조성 성분을 분석하고 정상인과 비교하였다. 결과 : 1) 전풍환자의 피부 표면 지질 조성은 squalene이 21.3±2.3%로 가장 많았으며, cholesterol esters 24.3±2.6%, triglycerides 12.9±4.0%. free fatty aceds 11.7±3.1%, cholesterol 13.0±2.2%, sphingolipids 9.6±2.2%, cholesterol sulfate 1.6±0.8%이었다. 2) 정상인의 피부 표면 지질 조성은 squalene 21.4±4.1%, cholesterol esters 25.2±3.0%, triglycerides 11.3±3.7%, free fatty acids 14.9±3.7% , cholesterol 11.6±1.8%, sphingolipids 8.4±3.9%, cholesterol sulfate 1.7±1.0%이었다. 3) 전풍환자가 정상인에 비해 free fatty acids는 유의하게 낮게(P<0.01), cholesterol은 유의하게 높게(P<0.05) 나타났으며, 나머지 지질성분은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 전풍 환자의 피부 표면 지질 조성은 정상인과 큰 차이는 없으나 free fatty acids와 cholesterol은 차이를 보이므로 앞으로 지방산의 성분 분석을 포함한 자세한 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다. To investigate the importance of skin surface lipids in the pathogenesis of tinea versicolor, the compositions of skin surface lipids were analyzed by thin layer chromatography(TLC). Skin surface lipids were extracted from the back of patients with tinea versicolor and normal controls by the ring method using organic solvents(Acetone:Ether=1:1, v/v), TLC was. performed and lipids composition were quantitated by photodensitometer. In the compositions of skin surface lipids in patients with tinea versicolor, free fatty acids were lower(P<0.01) and cholesterol was higher(P<0.05) than those of normal controls respectively. However, other compositions of skin surface lipids including squalene, cholesterol esters, triglyce-rides, sphingolipids and cholesterol were not significantly different in both group. Low free fatty acids in this study may reflects the proliferation of yeast forms of Pityrosporum orbiculare therefore, further investigations will be needed.
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브루클린 네이비 야드 산업단지의 공공성에 대한 연구 - 도시·건축적 대응을 중심으로 -
윤준혁,이강준 한국문화공간건축학회 2021 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.74
Semi-industrial zone is the area where manufacturing, residential, commercial zones are mixed. Despite of their potentials in that proximity to city and convenient transportation infrastructure, a lot of semi-industrial zones in Korea have converted to other uses due to many issues such as change of industry, increasing land price, real estate speculations. Recently, local government is trying to solve their existing issues and develop them through a restoration of publicness. Now publicness is thought of as a key factor of regeneration in semi-industrial areas. In this regard, this study aims to examine the way of restoring publicness revealed in Brooklyn Navy Yard mainly focus on their urban contexts and architectural ways. Brooklyn Navy Yard, an exemplary case, is an industrial complex that has grown economically, socially and culturally through emphasizing publicness and it is evaluated as an advanced example of public industrial complex. Through the analysis of Navy Yard, this study was trying to emphasize the importance of publicness in the regeneration of semi-industrial areas and to provide implications for the Seoul Government’s solutions, which are still in the conceptual stage. To analyze the publicness of the study subjects, framework and elements were derived by examining related theories and prior researches. Depending on this frame, the results of the publicness of the Navy Yard were as follows. First of all, the ‘Publicness as a public interest’ of the Navy Yard Development Corporation was identified in various ways of its operation methods and the usage of architecture space. Secondly, the ‘Publicness as an accessibility’ was identified in the opening of urban and architectural spaces in Navy Yard. As a result, The publicness is analyzed to be related to five out of the eight factors of Navy Yard's success. Thus, it can be interpreted that the publicness of the semi-industrial areas can contribute significantly to their success and prosperity. The publicness-restoring methods of Navy Yard could be used as a basic data in semi-industrial areas in the future in Korea. However they are limited to be applied directly, so extensive and in-depth research in terms of their applicability should be conducted.
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윤준혁,권수덕,전권석,강정희,조민기,문현식 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.46 No.1
This study was undertaken to analyze 1) the growth characteristics for the optimal planting density and 2) reached ages of sap tapping for the planting timing of Acer okamotoanum in natural and plantation stand. Soil in natural stand was significantly more fertile than that of plantation stand. Early growth of A. okamotoanum in plantation stand was affected by planting density. Results showed that there was a positive relationship between the DBH and crown width in both natural and plantation stands. Reached ages by DBH were no significant difference in natural stands. Reached ages on DBH 10 cm were approximately 19 and 9 in natural and plantation stands, respectively. 본 연구는 우산고로쇠나무의 적정 식재밀도와 식재시기를 결정하기 위해 자생지와 조림지의 생장특성을 분석하고 조림 시 수액채취 도달연수를 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 토양은 자생지가 조림지에 비해 비옥한 것으로 나타났고 조림지의 생장특성을 분석해 본 결과 초기생장은 식재밀도에 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 자생지와 조림지에서 흉고직경과 수관폭이 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 자생지의 흉고직경별 도달연수는 통계적으로 유의차가 없어 경급별 생장차이는 나타나지 않았다. 수액채취 가능 흉고직경 10 cm에 도달하는 연수는 자생지에서 약 19년, 조림지에서 약 9년으로 나타났다.
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