地域福祉의 方法論的 接近에 關한 硏究

尹旭 영남대학교 지역발전연구소 1984 새마을지역개발연구 Vol.5 No.-

This study as a research on the methodological approach to the community work is aimed at presenting a model of new approach to community work development by analizying the problematic areas in the traditional methods with the purpose to examine a theory which will become a trend and fundamental precondition of the new approach to and the thought for solving the problems. First, there are often vivid discussions that public welfare should be developed with its central emphasis on community welfare of which increasing importance is recognized by both researchers and practioners, and the efforts to meet the demand thereof are also increasing. This fact is supported by the four factors as follows: 1) The community needs to be considered as a source of all kinds of problems in human life in order to ensure the fundamental functioning of social welfare and achieve its objectives. 2 ) All kinds of protection programs which are likely to separate the community relationship or family relationship cannot become an adequate assistance in the true sense of social welfare. Social welfare as protection programs should provide aid so that the client will be able to develop and maintain all his social relations in the community in order to meet the needs he faces in his life, 3 ) The citizens' participation at the level of community is required to make the community people participate effectively in planning, executing and operating the social institutions or societal policies related to the problems caused in their life because social welfare is in its essence in the same situation concerned with the community people and the clients to be assisted. 4) In order to develop the social welfare which is more effective and/or will prevent in advance the problems which are caused in social life and will solve any problems if arised, it is required that the whole community people should be covered and their needs are grasped and mutual cooperation could be attained through the organic relations among the concerned agencies. There is no need to reiterate the importance of the fact that the preventive measures to keep the problems from arising are more rational than the expost fact measures. Second, the efforts to solve these problems necessitate three preconditions as follows: 1) Community work or housing welfare can be improved when the minimum wage system is established and the reduction of working hours is realized for the welfare of the workers who constitutes the majority of the community population regardless of the case being in urban or rural area. 2) The social security systems should be expanded including the improvement of the livelihood protection criteria and the democratic innovation of the systems and their operation in order to ensure the substantial improvement of the community work, especially the housing welfare, 3) The establishment of the delivery service system and means of the community social life is required. Many problems will arise in leading a normal family life and community life unless the living environment is arranged through the perspective with priority on the resident life focused on the disabled or the aged, and the common facilities and services basically required for the community life are organized and provided. Third, the following elements in addition to the above mentioned facts should not be overlooked if the community work is to be achieved: 1) There is an increasing need that a joint study by the government authorities, welfare facilities and the researchers should be conducted as an experimental program to improve the community work in such areas as professional welfare services, housing welfare services and the review and distribution of the facilities having the multi-times functioning. 2) A need is recongnized that the review on the most logical distribution plan of the welfare facilities and the whole system of the housing work services should be conducted through the establishment of the community work planning based on the region devided into the intermediate areas, the urban area with its comparatively well arranged social resources, and the rural area with its scarce resources, 3) The role, and cooperation of the agencies concerned with the entire community work need to be clarified. Especially a study should be done on the system and administrative organization of the local welfare administration in its relation with the public health administration and medical facilites. 4) The theories of 'community organization such as the participation by the persons themselves to be assisted, the voluntary activities, residents' welfare activities in the small area, and etc. need to be rearranged in comparison with the past traditional methods and experiences in order to provide the structured and systematized method of providing assistance, 5) In order to facilitate the growth of community work, it is necessary to set up some model programs for a comprehensive community work services as an experimental case with the support of the planned budget allocation and supply of the necessary manpower. Fourth, these community work policies need to be standardized on the bases of the civic, community minimum of the local unit which preconditions the establishment of the national minimum, and need to be arranged in a planned and comprehensive way through the pursuit of innovation of administration and finance by means of all the residents' participation in the community in response to the living situation of the residents and the local stratification. Fifth, the basic premise of a model of the methodological approach suggested whould be formulated in a practical method and as an experimental tool to materialize the methodological approach in a general and systematic way because it clarifies the model type indicator and establishes the essential foundation of the community work practices with its contents of the three typical models. Accordingly, the typical models in this study should be based on the five hypotheses in relation to the system theory and social learning theory as an approach having its comprehensive contents of the functions of the social welfare works. 1) To create the organization's entity and its concrete image. 2) To establish the subject of welfare society formation and the subject of practicing the professional, social welfare works. 3) To analysize and evaluate the welfare adminstration and to eastablish its position. 4) To formulate the realistic welfare society and to clarify its process. 5) To establish the necessity of the community activities and the subject of the practice of the social welfare works. Sixth, the model of the methodological approach should be clarified through its roles and processes with its purposes of consolidationg and integrating the social welfare facilites and housing welfare facilites according to the needs of the welfare policies and characteristics of each community, and as a method to restore and maintain the normal social function by solving problems in individual and collective way based on the recognition that the social welfare works should be conducted in effective operation. This study has presented a model of the methodological approach to the community work development by examining and analyzing the theories of the practical and realistic approaches in an effort to solve the problems faced with the traditional methods which have not been clearly developed in the community work practices. However, this new approach to the community work practices is not only insufficient for the multiple functions of assistance and curriculum development to train the social workers, researchers, and students, but the concrete practical contents of this model remain to be studied and developed further, while there may be a need to review another approach to community work from new different perspectives.

러시아의 남하와 만주 주방의 변화, 1900-1911 - 琿春 駐防의 사례 -

윤욱 효원사학회 2022 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.61

Regarding the relationship between Russia's occupation of Manchuria and the banner cities there after the Boxer Rebellion, previous researches have mainly noted that the impact of the Russian occupation of Manchuria led the Qing empire to abandon military rule in the region and to pursue the reforms that included the full-fledged recruitment of Han Chinese officials and the establishment of a provincial administration system. Some scholars still argue that the turmoil exacerbated the livelihood problems of bannermen in Manchuria. This paper attempts to describe the changes of Manchu banner cities in detail caused not only by the Russian occupation of Manchuria but also by the reforms of the Qing empire to overcome the crisis, with a case study on the banner city in Hunchun using its abundant archival materials. According to this study, first of all, the system in which the office of lieutenant general of Hunchun had been the military, administrative and judicial center of the Hunchun area collapsed. The military strength of the banner city was not rebuilt after the war, and instead civil defense forces, composed primarily of Han Chinese cultivators, played a key role in suppressing bandits and disbanded soldiers. In addition, as the Qing empire introduced measures to expand civilian officials to improve the efficiency of the administration in Manchuria, the status of the banner office of Hunchun was greatly deteriorated since the responsibilities of collecting taxes, managing legal cases, and maintaining social order were transferred from the office of lieutenant general of Hunchun to the Department of Yanji. The deterioration of the status of the banner office reduced the legal and social status of the Hunchun bannermen, while that of the Han Chinese experienced an uplift. In the event of a lawsuit, the Hunchun bannermen were summoned to the Department of Yanji to be judged by Han Chinese officials, so the bannermen could no longer receive the protection of the banner officials. Christians and Russian interpreters who gained prominence after the Boxer Rebellion were almost entirely the Han Chinese. As Russia occupied the Maritime Territory and developed Vladivostok and other maritime towns whose population speedily grew, Hunchun, located on the road to Vladivostok from the eastern part of the Jilin province, became the hub of intermediary trade. Especially after the Russo-Japanese War, as Hunchun's trade with Russia grew by leaps and bounds, Han Chinese merchants enunciated into Hunchun. As the result, the citadel of Hunchun along with its vicinities where wholesale stores and retail shops were densely located, became dominated by the Han Chinese. Hunchun bannermen became concerned when they saw the Han Chinese from the outside behaved arrogantly and became wealthy through trade, but on the other hand, it is believed that this might motivate them to actively participate in the New Policies that the Qing empire carried out in Manchuria. During the period examined here, other banner cities in Manchuria were also experiencing the transfer of military administration to civilian administration or the advance of the Han Chinese merchants due to the advance of Russia to the south, so the changes in the banner society of Hunchun shown in this article provide implications for understanding other banner cities in Manchuria. 1900년 義和團運動 이후 러시아의 만주 점령과 만주 주방과의 관계와 관련하여 기존의 연구는 러시아의 만주 점령으로 인한 충격으로 말미암아 청제국이 이 지역에서 만주족의 군사통치를 지양하고 본격적으로 한족 관료들을 등용하고 내지와 같은 省 체제를 확립하는 개혁을 추진하게 되었으며, 전란으로 인해 旗人들의 생계문제가 더욱 악화되었다는 점에 주목했다. 본 연구는 러시아의 만주점령으로 인한 혼란과 이를 극복하기 위한 청제국의 노력이 실제 주방사회에 일으킨 변화를 琿春 駐防을 사례로 들어 당안 사료를 이용하여 세밀하게 서술하려고 시도했다. 본 연구에 따르면, 우선 훈춘주방아문이 훈춘 일대의 군사적 행정적 사법적 중심이었던 체제가 붕괴했다. 주방의 군사력은 전후 재건되지 못했고, 대신 주로 漢族 墾民으로 구성된 團練이 土匪와 散勇을 진압하는데 핵심적인 역할을 수행했다. 또한 청조정이 만주에서 행정의 효율성을 제고하기 위해 민관을 확대하는 조치를 도입하자 조세의 징수, 법률소송 뿐만 아니라 경찰업무까지 琿春副都統衙門에서 延吉廳으로 이관되면서 훈춘주방아문의 위상이 크게 악화되었다. 주방아문의 위상 악화는 기인들의 법률적, 사회적 지위를 저하시킨 반면, 한인들의 그것은 제고하는 결과를 낳았다. 소송이 발생했을 경우 기인이 연길청에 소환되어 한족 관원에 의해 심판을 받게 됨에 따라 기인들은 더 이상 기관들의 비호를 받을 수 없게 되었다. 의화단 사건 이후 득세하게 된 基督敎 敎人과 러시아어 통역도 거의 대부분 한족이었다. 러시아가 연해주를 차지하고 블라디보스톡 등지를 개발하고 이곳의 인구가 늘어남에 따라 길림성 동부지역에서 블라디보스톡으로 가는 길목에 위치한 훈춘은 중개무역지로 거듭나게 되었다. 특히 러일전쟁 이후 훈춘의 러시아와의 교역이 비약적으로 성장하자 훈춘에 한족 상인들이 쇄도하게 되면서 상점이 밀집한 훈춘성과 그 주위는 한인들이 장악하다시피 하게 된다. 훈춘의 기인들은 외지에서 온 한족이 거만해지고 무역을 통해 부유해지는 것을 보면서 우려감을 갖게 되었지만 한편으로 이는 청제국이 만주에서 수행한 新政改革에 이들이 적극적으로 동참하게 하는 계기로 작용했으리라 여겨진다. 당시 만주의 다른 주방에서도 군정에서 민정으로의 이양이나 러시아의 남하로 인한 한족 상인들의 진출을 경험하고 있었으므로 이 글에서 보이는 훈춘 주방 사회의 변화는 당시 만주의 기타 주방사회를 이해하는데 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

家族福祉事業의 理論的 基礎에 關한 序說的 硏究(I)

윤욱 대구대학교 (한사대학) 사회복지연구소 1981 社會福祉硏究 Vol.9 No.-

They have little knowledge of family welfare activity in korea. But interest of people for the work with social welfare activity are increasing recently. A symposium about conception of social welfare and its future direction was opened on a large scale in 1979 under the sponsorship of The Asan Foundatin. In the syposium, the lecturers and debaters advocate constantly the importance of family welfare activitiy. The object of this study is to disclose the basis of family welfare activity.; The foundation of family work may be divided with theological aspect, social functional aspect of family, centural aspect of social welfare and social problem's aspect, and then the two formers were examinated in this study. The man can not destroy the family without the Lord's permission, because the family has been created by the Lord of Heaven. The mention about family welfare appears in the Bible, for example 3-6 of chapter 19 St. Matthew, 3-4 and 8-41 of Chapter 7 I Corinthians, 1- -4 of Chapter 6 Ephesians. There are sexual function, childbirth function, nursing and socialization function of child, economc function, and protective, repose, recreational function in family's function. The family welfare activity that has been carried into effect up to the present is based on these functions. That is to say, family welfare activity must facilitate family function.

淸의 對러시아 政策의 起源, 1644~1676

윤욱 효원사학회 2023 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.64

1689년 체결된 네르친스크 조약은 향후 170년간 안정적으로 유지되었던 청과 러시아 관계의 초석을 놓았다. 네르친스크 조약에 임하는 청의 외교정책의 주요한 특징은 청이 러시아에 대해 유화책과 강경책을 번갈아가며 사용하고 있다는 점, 러시아에 대해 평등한 관계를 용인하고 있다는 점, 교역 등 경제적인 이익을 제공하는 대신 변경의 안정을 확보하고자 했다는 점이라고 할 수 있다. 본고는 청의 이러한 외교정책은 만주족이 최초로 러시아를 접한 이래 러시아에 대해 지속적으로 관찰하고, 정보를 수집하고, 대책을 모색한 결과였음을 보여주고 있다. 러시아는 카자크병사들을 동원하여 흑룡강 유역으로 진출하는 한편, 중국과의 교역을 확대하기 위해 통상사절을 파견했다. 청 조정은 변경을 위협하는 카자크 병사들을 러시아 황제의 통제를 받지 않는 비적으로 간주하고 토벌을 주로 하는 한편, 통상사절은 자발적으로 교화를 위해 찾아오는 조공국의 사신으로 간주했다. 청은 1658년 전투에서 카자크 병사들에게 대승을 거두었지만, 청군이 철수한 후 러시아는 알바진을 수복하고 그 주위의 청측에 속했던 간티무르 수하의 원주민들을 러시아측에 귀속시켰다. 간티무르를 다시 청측으로 귀속시키려는 과정에서 알바진의 카자크 병사들이 러시아 황제의 명령을 따르는 러시아의 신민임을 깨닫게 된 청 조정은 기존의 대러시아 정책을 수정하게 된다. 청 조정은 1669년 이후 북경에 온 러시아 사절에 대해서 무역상의 혜택과 편의 및 선물 등 풍부한 경제적인 이익을 제공하고, 이들을 파격적으로 우대하는 의전을 수여하면서 간티무르 등 도망자를 중국으로 돌려보낼 것을 요청했다. 한편으로는 러시아에 대한 군사적인 방비를 강화했다. 1676년 북경에 도착한 러시아 황제의 사절을 통해 러시아가 간티무르를 송환할 의사가 없음을 간파한 청 조정은 유화책을 중지하고 전쟁을 통한 해결을 도모하게 된다. 기존의 연구는 청이 러시아와 평등한 관계의 네르친스크 조약을 체결하게 된 원인을 당시 갈단이 다스리는 준가르제국의 부상이란 국제정세에 기인한 것으로 파악하는 경향이 있었다. 하지만 본고는 네르친스크 조약에 임하는 청의 외교정책의 등장은 1669년경 청이 변경의 카자크병사와 러시아의 관계를 정확하게 파악한 시점까지 연원을 거슬러 올라갈 수 있음을 보여준다.

少年非行의 原因論 : 社會的 環境이 미치는 影響

尹旭 대구대학교 (한사대학) 사회복지연구소 1972 社會福祉硏究 Vol.3 No.-

非行靑少年의 意識에 關한 硏究

尹旭 대구대학교 (한사대학) 사회복지연구소 1975 社會福祉硏究 Vol.4 No.-

To study on the conscious structure of Korean juvenile, these subjects are 487 bays, 692 girls of high school and 388 boys, 227 girls of training school, and adult consciousness centered largely in their 10 behavioral situations and group consciousness in the communities and families. Following are the conclusions. 1. Adult Consciousness (1) It was turned out to be that the adult consciousness of student group appears higher than that of delinquent group, and that in behavior situation such as "no admission of non-adult, " "franchise, " "driver's license, " and so on, the older, the higher adult consciousness. (2) Generally, it seems that the exemplary juveniles have tendencies to have earlier and stronger adult consciousness than delinquent juveniles. Particularly, in case of delinquent girls' group, it seems that they are lack of confidence of social participation or social behavior. (3) In the behavior situation of intersexual acquaintence, delinquent groups are well Iower than student groups in adult consciousness. Such outcome seems to be resulted from different notions about intersexual acquaintence between these two groups. Delinquent juveniles are probably needed sound education on this problem. In degree of adult consciousness, it is shown that, generally, normal juveniles respond more to above consciousness than delinquent ones, and boys do more than girls This phenomena seem to occur beeause while normal students have since early, adult consciousness to the result of their own behavior regardless of their view of delinquency, delinquent boys have either little adult consciousness, or have trends to avoid responsibilities to their behaviors. 2. Group Consciousness (1) It appears that delinquent groups show group consciousness stronger than normal student groups, and girls do stronger than boys'. (2) In difference between the -strength and weakth in group consciousness by delinquency-or-not, delinquent boys and normal students neither show non-significance of social consciousness, and such differences show too high, 0.01% level. (3) In degree of relationship by strength of social and family consciousness of delinquent and normal student groups, if we observe it group by group, it appears fairly high interrelationslfips between these groups. In group and 'home consciousness, there is not big difference betwen delinquent boys, and normal boys, but the outcome that the former have stronger group consciousness-than the later is we might say rather the unpredited result. This seems tofxplain that normal boys have the foundations of individualism in society and family life and that in case of delinquent boys mental defense mechanism stemed from the liability for crime may work. But these problems mentioned here before they are debased into delinquency, should be studied further coutinuonsly related closely to the internal problems of home environments, human relations of delinquent boys, the factors that .present on the deep bottom of their conseiousness, and the problems of personality formed through growing up in their communities.

産業體 勤勞靑少年의 敎育制度에 關한 評價硏究

윤욱,이상안,김규수 대구대학교 (한사대학) 사회복지연구소 1981 社會福祉硏究 Vol.10 No.-

Ⅰ. The background and premises. A man pursues values through institutions or resources. As shown in Table I . Table I. Interrelationship values and institution. Value - Well-being, Wealth, Enlightenment, Skill Institution - Hospital-clinic, Business, Education, Occupation The so-called various type of values, shown by Table I is achieved through each institution in our society. And generally, human beings need socialization which will generate human competence and self-actualization. Ⅱ. Purpose of the study. This paper is aimed at solving the problems of theeducational system of working youth in the job field. Its object?ve poses questions with regard to three aspects of the problem. Beginning with aspect I, it is important that almost all public educational costs should be implemented in the most efficient manner and fixed by institutional policy measures. Thus, its eductional effects will differ, depending on whether the educational cost is obtained and stocked by a steady find or an unsteady fund, or by random monetary support. When we turn to aspect 2, it is more evident that the mobility of working youth in the job field may be inthervened in proceeding school life, that is, studying in class, with regard to aspects of I . As a result, this is aimed at illustrating how the educational cost and mobility will effect the educational stabilization. Finally, we will try to reduce the various types of internal variables and external variables. Ⅲ. Various types for built in stabilization First, To build up the fund of scholarships for the working youth in the job field. Second, To construct an information system for job interrelationships among industry circles by a public institution or a private one. Third, To step up a social welfare policy by producing and generating the morale including performance motives. Fourth, To combine the education and occupation by coordinating the working students and the enterprises. Ⅳ. Conclusion. As a study in educational system of working students this volume deals with educational conditions with regard to educational cost and mobility. In discussing the topics, we asked to determine how institutions are to be used efficiently. In summary, if these conditions are met, all members of the working school boys and girls will enjoy benefits which will be realized by self-actualization. Thus, the solution will be linked to the success we desire.

社會福祉의 方法에 關한 序說的硏究

윤욱 대구대학교 (한사대학) 사회복지연구소 1980 社會福祉硏究 Vol.8 No.-

With the growth of national concern for social welface, it is necessary to increase scientific study for social welfare. This study, according to this need, aims to bring light on the method of social welfare. On account of comprehension of social welfare contents, it may be difficult to. devide the approach method. But this study is helpful in clearness of recognition for social welfare. Generally speaking, there are three methods-absolute approach, relative approach, professional approach -in social welfare method. The first means method that go forward the goal that we set up, whatever the mode of welfare society is. The second is not proceeding for the given goal but establishment of society that there are no problems in one's life. It is also called pathological or supplementary approach. The third, basing on the 3 methods of social work, intends to get close welfare society. For all that social welfare method are not ought to devide in this way. In any case, it is necessary to establish the social welfre indicator for all method or approach. The indicator plays an important role in absolute approach. And it play, not only in relative approach but also in professional approach. Because it is the goal of our effort for welfare society. First of all, the social welfare indicator should establish in social welfare method.

韓國에 있어서 social casework의 用語使用 樣相과 槪念規定에 關한 硏究

윤욱,김수환 대구대학교 (한사대학) 사회복지연구소 1978 社會福祉硏究 Vol.7 No.-

It may be given as a conclusion that we make use of many forms of term social casework in Korea. This phenomenon is stemed is stemed from as follows: First, the theory and practice of social casework was invited of foreigns'. Secondly, the history of social casework are very short in our country, Thirdly, the endeavour. of learned man are in needy. In order to develop the theory and practice of social casework in Korea, above all the unified term must be used in social work literature.

地域開發 活性化를 위한 地方自治團體의 役割 : Case Study on the Social Welfare Service of Kyung Sang Buk Do 慶尙北道 社會福祉서비스를 中心으로

尹旭 嶺南大學校附設 社會科學硏究所 1993 社會科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1