북한의 장기 집권 요인에 관한 분석 연구 : 신권체제 모형을 중심으로

송봉선 인하대학교 일반대학원 2007 국내박사

본 연구는 불가사의한 북한의 장기집권 요인을 신권체제 시각에서 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 정치 권력의 장기화에 대한 일반이론을 살펴보고 그 한계점을 지적하였으며, 신권체제 모형을 새롭게 제시하였다. 본 연구는 종교 일반이론을 유추하여 신권체제모형을 만들었으며, 이를 북한의 장기집권 분석에 적용하였다. 김일성은 통치 당시 지배구조에서 여러 가지 종교적 방법을 원용하여 북한을 지배하였다. 김일성은 원래 기독교 집안에서 출생하였으며 유소년기에도 기독교인들 사이에서 성장하여 기독교적 사고가 각인 되었다고 볼 수 있다. 결론적으로 북한 정권이 60여년간 유지해온 장기화 요인은 북한 정권 창시자 김부자의 독특한 종교적 통치 방법이 성공한 것이라는 사실을 발견하여 신권체제 모형의 적실성이 증명된 셈이다. 신권체제 모형에 입각하여 북한정권을 전망한다면 북한의 종교 정권은 정교의 도입, 교주체제가 붕괴 되지 않는 한 상당기간 지속될 것이라는 사실이다. North Korea has maintained its unique political system for sixty years since 1948 when Kim Il Sung first established his regime and subsequently Kim Jung Il succeeded him. National Unification Research Institute predicted the collapse of the North Korean regime in 1992 but North Korea is still thriving. Moreover, North Korea is strengthening its defense posture by developing nuclear weapons and long range missile systems after overcoming economic crisis in late 1990s. In this contexts, questions remain that existing political theories cannot explain as to why North Korea has not yet collapsed despite of the world trends of the Third wave of democratization. I hereby raise the question about factors which are influencing the long-term ruling of the North Korean regime. There are various domestic and international studies on the North Korean political system and its socialization process. However, studies on the long-term ruling of the current North Korean regime can hardly be found except for a few research on its system durability. Kim Il Sung used various religious means to rule North Korea. He was a person of Christian thinking as he was born into a Christian family and grew up among Christians. There has been studies on his ruling related to Christianity and Confucianism. However, no study has yet been conducted on his ruling related to Islam, the religion of Cheondo and the other religions as a whole. This study will focus on this aspect of theocracy model. Through church and missionary work led by the founder and clergymen, religion presents God as the absolute being in the bible and pursues the perpetuity of the religion and the everlasting life of its followers. Nowadays examples of a theocratic nation established on such religious system include the Vatican and a few of the Middle Eastern countries. In relation to this, this dissertation develops a theocracy model from the examples of the governing methods of various religious theocratic nations, and analyzes and verifies the long-term ruling of the North Korean regime. Common features and similarities can be drawn from various religions and religious nations. At the top exists the absolute God. Then, the founder or the leader of the religion converts the mass into the believers of this God and perpetuates the theocratic system. This model can be applied to the case of North Korea. At the heart of North Korea exists Kim Il Sung God and Kim Jung Il is leader that leads deification and persistence. The people of North Korea are subordinate beings that assume social and perpetual life only when they believe in Kim Il Sung. Theocratic nations usually tend to last long. The model analyzes system durability factors as follows. First, idealization. The founder or the leader declares and justifies its ruling under the God of Kim Il Sung and imposes like bible and governing ideology upon its people. Any type of betrayal against the religion or system is not allowed. In case of North Korea, Kim Il Sung is the God that initiated the gigantic religious organization. For the establishment of Kim Il Sung as God, Kim Jung Il educates and enlightens its people with the idea of one and only, the idea of socio-political life organism, the idea of military first. Such preaching leads to human remodeling and maintenance of orthodoxy and purity of Kim Il Sung religion, and thereby blocks the inflow of other religions. Second, organization. One party dictatorship is strengthened. Everlasting system is established by exorcising anything that is against the leader as evil through the party organization which is similar to a group of bishops at church, the military which symbolizes God's power and the security agency. In the North Korean system, the Labor Party acts as the group of bishops and church district to carve into its people's mind the devotion for and absolute nature of Kim Il Sung religion. The founder establishes authority by seizing military power. Any element against the organization is eradicated and punished through Agency of National Security and the Ministry of People's Security. Third, in order to build support system, the leader who is the representative of God forms a blind faith group which includes its family and relatives, and this leads to an everlasting system. In North Korea, Kim Il Sung and Kim Jung Il's relatives and revolutionary comrades form the blind faith group and acts as Kim Il Sung religion's vanguard organization. For expansion of the support system and long-term support, North Korea strengthens relations with nations favoring North Korea in South Korea and China. In conclusion, the long-term ruling of the current North Korean regime for the past sixty years is a result of the successful execution of Kim Il Sung's peculiar theocracy model. Several factors contributed to the formation of Kim Il Sung's religious leadership: religious experience in his childhood from his Christian family background and church, teachings from close religious people, religious knowledge gathered from Puritans and Buddhists while he operated as partisan fighter. The North Korean regime is likely to continue as long as its theocracy model stands.

치매노인 부양가족의 문제와 사회복지서비스에 관한 개선방안

송봉선 신라대학교 2004 국내석사

김정일의 심리성향과 북한정치 : 사생활을 중심으로

송봉선 연세대학교 행정대학원 2003 국내석사

Effects of task repetition and post-task intervention on Korean high school students' english oral performance, cognitive processes and affective domains

송봉선 중앙대학교 대학원 2016 국내박사

As an effort to find a way to implement task-based language teaching in L2 classrooms, this study investigated the effects of task repetition and post-task intervention on Korean high school students’ English oral performance, their cognitive processes and affective domains. The research questions were: (1) How does task repetition affect learners’ L2 oral performance? (2) Does the effect of task repetition vary, depending on post-task interventions? and (3) How does task repetition affect learners’ cognitive processes and affective domains? A total of 40 Korean high school students performed a picture-based storytelling task. They were separated into a task repetition with self-reflection group (n=10), a task repetition with teacher-correction group (n=10), a task repetition only group (n=10), and a control group (n=10). The three experimental groups repeated the same task for four weeks with at weekly intervals and then performed a new task. The two experimental groups underwent an intervention (self-reflection or teachers’ correction) after the task, and the control group engaged in the tasks only during the first and fourth weeks. All groups were interviewed after each task. Speaking performance was analyzed in terms of fluency, complexity, and accuracy, and paired t-tests and an ANOVA were applied to determine the effects of task repetition and post-task intervention on the same task and on a new task. The data of the retrospective interviews were transcribed and also analyzed to ascertain changes in the participants’ cognitive processes and affective domains, along with task repetition. The results demonstrated the following: 1) task repetition significantly improved the performances of the experimental groups on almost all of the measures on the same task and on a new task; 2) the post-task interventions combined with task repetition led to greater accuracy on the same task and on a new task; 3) participants’ primary attention changed from meaning-oriented to more various aspects, and their affective states moved toward more positive directions, along with task repetition. This study claims that the frequent and intensive task repetition was beneficial to the improvement of the performances on the same task and on a new task, and that the post-task interventions were effective in increasing accuracy. Further, it argues that task repetition affected the changes in attentional allocation and affective factors and these transitions might explain the improvement in performance. The suggestions for implementing TBLT in the L2 classroom are presented, such as using task repetition with meaningful tasks and providing time for interventions after a task. 과업 중심 언어교수법을 수행하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 본 연구는 과업 반복과 과업 후 활동이 한국 고등학생들의 말하기 과업 수행과 인지적 사고과정, 정서적 영역에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 1) 과업 반복은 제 2 언어 말하기 과업 수행에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 2) 과업 반복의 영향은 과업 후 활동에 따라 다른가? 3) 과업 반복은 학습자의 인지적 사고과정과 정서적 영역에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 총 40명의 한국 고등학생들이 그림보고 이야기하기 과업을 수행하였다. 모두 네 그룹으로 나뉘어 졌는데, 과업반복 후 자기 성찰 집단 (10명), 과업 반복 후 교사 수정 집단 (10명), 과업만 반복 하기 집단 (10명), 통제 집단 (10명)이었다. 세 실험집단은 4주 동안 같은 과업을 매주 반복 후 마지막 주에 새로운 과업을 수행하였다. 그 중 두 집단은 과업 후 과업 후 활동 (자기 성찰 또는 교사 수정)을 수행했고, 통제 집단은 첫 주와 마지막 주에만 과업에 참여하였다. 각 과업 후 인터뷰가 모든 집단에서 실시되었다. 말하기 수행은 언어의 유창성, 복잡성, 정확성 측면에서 분석되었으며, 과업 반복과 과업 반복 후 활동이 동일 과업과 새 과업에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 대응표본 T검증과 일원배치 분산분석(ANOVA)이 사용되었다. 인터뷰 자료는 모두 필사 후, 과업 반복에 따른 참가자들의 인지적 사고과정과 정서적 영역의 변화 과정을 보기 위하여 분석되었다. 그 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1)과업 반복은 동일 과업과 새로운 과업에 있어 실험집단 참가자들이 행한 수행의 거의 모든 측면을 유의미하게 향상시켰다. 2) 과업 반복과 같이 실시된 과업 후 활동은 동일 과업과 새로운 과업에 있어 정확성을 크게 향상시켰다. 3)참가자들의 주된 관심은 과업이 반복됨에 따라 의미 중심에서 다양한 측면으로 바뀌었고, 정서적 상태도 좀 더 긍정적인 방향으로 전환되었다. 본 연구의 주장은 다음과 같다. 빈번하고 집중적인 과업 반복이 동일 과업 수행과 새로운 과업 수행에 강한 긍정적 영향을 주었고, 과업 후 활동은 정확성을 향상시키는 데 효과적이었다. 또한, 과업 반복은 학습자들의 관심 영역 변화와 정서적 변화에 영향을 주었고, 이 변화는 과업 수행의 변화와도 연관이 있었다. 과업중심 교수법의 교실 실시를 위한 제안들이 제시되었는데, 의미 있는 과업을 이용한 과업 반복, 과업 후에 과업 후 활동 시간 제공하기 같은 것들이다.