군 사법제도의 개선방안에 관한 연구 : 관할관·심판관제도를 중심으로

박성현 경성대학교 대학원 2013 국내박사

Doctoral Dissertation A Study on Reformation Plan of Military Judicial System - Focused on Convening Authority and Line-Officer Judge System - Park, Sung-hyun Department of Law Graduate School Kyungsung University Advisor : Shim, Jae-Moo Abstract Military law system may find its constitutional ground in Clause 110 of 'the Constitution'. In other words, according to Clause 110 of the Constitution, military court could be established as a special court in order to control military trial (Item 1). Current military court act that defines this military law system generally covers all the contents of 1) organization and composition of military court, 2) relation between organization of military prosecutors' office and military investigation agency (prosecutors' office and judicial police officer), 3) procedure of investigation and trial. However, as military court act based on the Constitution constitutes a basis of military law system being applied to soldiers and government service, it must be pointed out that military law system being revised by matching it with periodic situation is required to be improved in many aspects even under the current times. In particular, organization and composition of military court has a problem that is hard to be matched with independence of judicial power and a right to receive trial of judge stipulated by the Constitution. As its result, under the current military law system, excessive power is concentrated on convening authority. In other words, it was analyzed that as convening authority is vested with appointment right of military judge and line-officer judge and designation right of judge (Clause 38, 39, 40 & 41 of military court act) as well as the right of appointment, command and supervision of military prosecutors' office, such excessive power led to harmful judicial consequences. Furthermore, convening authority and line-officer judge system have exerted its significant influence on military law system in reality for more than half century and it could be realized that as mentioned in this thesis, dysfunction of convening authority system has been more prominently represented than its proper function. Therefore, target to be improved as a major problem in military law system is convening authority and line-officer judge system. In conclusion, convening authority and line-officer judge system in peacetime should be repealed. In other words, convening authority's confirming procedure is a system that does not comply with a separation principle of legal, administrative and judicial powers in terms of the fact that discretionary mitigation right is exercised, result of trial decision could be changed through confirming procedure after decision of a judge, frequency of confirming procedure has no limit and furthermore, there is no standard of such mitigation as well and if convening authority system in which administrative power exercises a legal power is allowed to subsist even in peacetime while confirming procedure of convening authority is sometimes prevailing over Presidential amnesty (pardoning power), historical repetition will persist inevitably. When observing line-officer judge system in detail, first, Clause 24 of military court act infringes on "the right of receiving trial based on relevant law by a judge" as stipulated in Clause 27 of the Constitution. Therefore, line-officer judge system in peacetime should be also repealed as a matter of fact without any need of its modification. Second, convening authority appoints line-officer judge who is an ordinary officer as a judge (Item 1, Clause 24 of the same law) and defines such judge as "a person who is legally cultured and furnished with sufficient personality and academic knowledge as a judge" (Item 1, No. 1 & 2 of Clause 24). In other words, as line-officer judge is nothing but an ordinary officer involved in trial by the selection of convening authority, such practice is in violation of the right to receive trial by a judge based on Clause 27 of the Constitution. Third, as line-officer judge is a judge appointed by convening authority, such judge is compelled to rely on the trial result depending on propensity of the commander and therefore, it is hard to expect democratic justification of trial. Fourth, even though line-officer judge has a same power as that of military judge, a ground of military court act alleging that "such judge is legally cultured officer" is contradictory to democratic spirit of military law system. As an improvement for these problems, it was concluded that introduction of military jury trial system being participated by soldiers or government service is required. The reason of this conclusion is that jury trial system is in a state of democratic justification being secured and furthermore, contrary to disadvantages (demerits) of civil court such as excessive cost and high frequency of revocation, exclusion, this system is organized by diversified classes such as soldiers, noncom officers, officers and government services and as all the soldiers are living together all the time and military legal force for desertion from military service is enforced since domestic military service law is based on conscription system, it is considered that this system would be significantly contributory in complying with an idea of receiving rapid trial as it provides a military advantage having various efficiencies in terms of hassle in appointing jury member and additional operation cost for separate management just like general jury members. Therefore, this thesis intends to present an improvement method for establishing and settling down rule of law for the military law system and strengthening safeguard for human rights of soldiers by analyzing current military law system based on its current reformation movement. In other words, as any one of the parts including human rights aspect and its procedural aspect together with role of military judicial officer, military prosecutors' office, military judicial police, command authority, line-officer judge and jury trial system as well as military investigation right is unable to be overlooked through reformation of military law system in order to establish a military law system that may receive confidence from the people as well as military circles by securing its democratic justification, a justification that convening authority and line-officer judge system are urgently required to be improved and reformed has been discussed in this study. <Keywords: Military law system, military court act, convening authority, line-officer judge, commanding officer, military criminal law, military judicial officer, military judicial police officer, Government service, Soldier> 법학박사 학위논문 군 사법제도의 개선방안에 관한 연구 -관할관·심판관제도를 중심으로- 박성현 경성대학교 대학원 법학과 지도교수 심재무 국문초록요약 군 사법제도에 관한 헌법적 근거로는 「헌법」 제110조를 들 수 있다. 즉 헌법 제110조는 군사재판을 관할하기 위하여 특별법원으로서 군사법원을 둘 수 있기 때문이다(제1항). 이러한 군 사법제도를 정하고 있는 법은 군사법원법고, 현행 군사법원법은 1) 군사법원의 조직과 구성, 2) 군 검찰 조직 및 군수사기관(검찰과 사법경찰관리) 사이의 관계, 3) 수사와 공판의 절차에 관한 내용을 모두 포괄하고 있다. 그러나 헌법에 근거한 군사법원법은 군인⋅군무원에게 적용되는 군사법제도의 근간을 이루고 있는바, 시대상황에 맞추어 수정되어온 군 사법제도는 오늘날에 도 개선되어야 할 사항이 적지 않음을 지적하지 않을 수 없다. 특히 군사법원의 조직과 구성에 있어서 헌법이 규정하고 있는 사법권의 독립 및 법관의 재판을 받을 권리와 조화되기 어려운 문제를 안고 있다. 그 결과 현행 군 사법제도는 관할관에게 과도한 권한이 집중되어 있다. 즉, 군 검찰의 임명⋅지휘⋅감독권은 물론 군판사 및 심판관의 임명권과 재판관의 지정권(군사법원법 제38조, 제39조, 제40조, 제41조)을 가짐으로서 사법의 폐해를 가져오는 결과로 분석된다. 나아가 관할관·심판관제도에 대해서는 반세기가 넘도록 군 사법제도에 있어서 막대한 영향을 끼치고 있는 실정이며 이 논문의 열거와 같이 관할관제도의 순 기능보다 역기능이 많았음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 군 사법제도의 문제의 중심이자 개선의 대상은 관할관·심판관제도이다. 결론적으로 평시 관할관·심판관제도는 폐지되어야한다. 즉, 관할관의 확인조치권은 삼권분립의 기초에 부합하지 않는 제도로서 감경권을 행사한다는 점, 재판관의 판결 이후 확인조치권을 통해 판결결과를 변경을 할 수 있는 점, 확인조치권 횟수에도 제한이 없다는 점, 나아가 감경의 기준 또한 없기 때문이고, 관할관의 확인조치권은 대통령의 사면권보다 더 우월한 측면을 가지고 있으면서 행정권이 사법권을 행사한다는 평시에도 관할관제도를 존속하게 된다면 역사의 반복은 계속 될 것이다. 심판관제도에 대하여 구체적으로 살펴보면 첫째, 군사법원법 제24조는 헌법 제27조의 “법관에 의하여 법률에 의한 재판을 받을 권리”를 침해하기 때문이다. 따라서 평시 심판관제도 또한 수정할 필요 없이 당연 폐지되어야 한다는 것이다. 둘째, 관할관은 일반장교인 심판관을 재판관으로 임명하여(같은 법 제24조 제1항), “법에 관한 소양이 있는 사람, 재판관으로서의 인격과 학식이 충분한 사람(제24조 제1항 1호, 2호).”으로 규정하고 있기 때문이다. 즉, 심판관은 관할관의 선택에 의하여 재판에 참여하는 일반장교에 불과 하기 때문에 헌법 제27조에 의한 법관에 의한 재판을 받을 권리에 위배되기 때문이다. 셋째, 관할관의 지명에 따른 재판관인 만큼 지휘관의 성향에 따라 재판의 결과를 좌우 할 수밖에 없으므로 재판의 민주성의 기대가능성이 희박하다는 점이다. 넷째, 심판관은 군판사와 같은 권한을 가지고 있지만 “법에 소양이 있는 장교”라는 군사법원법의 근거는 군사법제도의 민주성에 반한다는 점이다. 이러한 문제점으로 인한 개선방안으로는 관할관·심판관제도가 폐지되는 대신 군인 또는 군무원이 참여 하는 군 자체 배심제도 도입이 필요하다고 결론지었다. 이러한 이유는 배심제도는 민주적 정당성이 확보된 상태이며 나아가 민간법원의 비용 과다의 측면과, 높은 철회·배제 등의 단점과 달리 병⋅부사관⋅장교⋅군무원등 다양한 계층으로 구성되어 있고, 우리나라의 병역법은 징집제도이므로 병사와 함께 늘 생활하며, 군무이탈의 군사상 강제력이 따르고 있으므로 일반 배심원처럼 배심원 선정을 위한 번거로 움이나 별도의 관리를 위한 추가 운영비용 등 여러 면에서 효율성이 있는 군사상 장점이 있고, 신속한 재판을 받을 이념에 부합할 수 있는데 기여도가 클 것으로 생각 된다. 따라서 이 논문은 최근 군 사법제도 개혁 움직임을 토대로 현행 군 사법제도의 문제점들을 연구·분석하며, 이를 통해 군 사법제도의 법치주의 확립과 정착, 그리고 병(兵)의 인권보장을 강화하기 위한 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 즉 군 사법의 민주적 정당성을 확보함으로써 군은 물론 일반 국민들로부터도 신뢰를 받을 수 있는 군사법제도를 이루기 위해 군 수사권은 물론이고, 군사법제도의 개선을 통해 군 법무관역할, 군 검찰, 군 사법경찰, 지휘권, 관할관, 심판관, 배심제도 등과 함께 인권적 측면과 절차적 측면 등 어는 한 부분도 도외시할 수 없으므로 관할관·심판관제도가 가장 시급히 개선되어야할 당위성을 논거 한다. <키워드: 군 사법제도, 군사법제도, 군사법원법, 관할관, 심판관, 지휘관, 군 형법, 군형법, 군 법무관, 군법무관, 군 사법경찰관리, 군사법경찰관리. 군인, 군무원>

비이진 LDPC 부호를 위한 저복잡도 심볼 반전 복호 알고리즘

박성현 Pohang University of Science and Technology 2018 국내석사

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been shown to have near Shannon-limit performance when a probabilistic decoding is used and the code length goes to infinity. On the other hand, non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes outperform binary LDPC codes for short code lengths. However, the coding gain of NB-LDPC codes comes from the expense of computational complexity. In this thesis, we consider the problem of a trade-off between reasonable complexity and good error-rate performance of decoding nonbinary LDPC codes over GF($q$). We first introduce the existing decoding algorithms of nonbinary LDPC codes and compare with decoding algorithms of binary LDPC codes. Second, low-complexity decoding algorithms of nonbinary LDPC codes is considered and two low-complexity symbol-flipping algorithms based on D-SFDP is proposed. These algorithms outperform the existing D-SFDP algorithm by improving the flipping metric. Proposed algorithms provide good trade-off between complexity and error performance.

우리나라 청소년 문화로서의 코스프레 의상디자인

박성현 경희대학교 대학원 2004 국내석사

공인회계사 실무수습 연수과정 중에서 전산감사 교육에 대한 고찰

박성현 중앙대학교 대학원 2005 국내석사

공인회계사 시험에 합격하고 공인회계사 실무수습 2년 과정을 마친 뒤 최근 2~3년 이내에 등록한 공인회계사들을 대상으로 실무수습 연수과정의 전산감사 분야에 대한 교육과정의 필요성, 적합성, 적절성 등을 검토하고자 하는 것이 이 논문의 목적이다. 여기서 전산감사 교육에 대한 고찰이라 함은 빈도분석을 통해 전산감사 교육에 대한 현황을 파악하고 가설검정을 위한 실증분석을 통해 전산감사 교육에 대한 실태를 보다 자세히 알아보는 것을 말한다. 연구를 위해 최근에 등록한 공인회계사 약 2,000명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 하였으며, 설문회수율은 5%로 표본은 100명이다. 가설은 세 부류로 나누었다. 그 결과 전산감사 교육이 무엇보다 중요하다고 인식하고 있으며 그에 비례하여 전산감사 교육을 강화하여야 한다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 결론적으로 실무수습 연수과정에서 전산감사 교육은 반드시 하여야 하며 굳이 구별한다면 2년차 교육에 집중하기를 원한다. 본 연구의 한계점은 한국공인회계사회의 IT교육계획(안)에 대한 자료를 참조할 수가 없었으며 설문회수율이 높지 않다는 것이다. 그리고 가설을 설계할 때 사용된 변수들에 대한 타당성이 부족할 가능성이 높다는 것이다.

신이식 환자의 담석증 발생률과 유병률에 대한 고찰

박성현 한양대학교 대학원 2003 국내석사

목적: 담낭 담석의 유발요인으로서 고령, 여성, 비만, 급격한 체중감소, 비경구 고영양수액, 임신, 경구피임약이나 에스트로겐, 프로게스테론 같은 약물, 유전적 소인, 회장 말단부의 질환, 고농도지단백 콜레스테롤의 감소나 중성지방의 증가 같은 지질 성분의 변화 등이 잘 알려져 있다. 이러한 요인 외에 심장, 골수, 신장을 이식 받은 이식환자에 있어서 담석 형성이 증가한다는 보고가 있지만 연구 대상수가 적고 장기간의 연구 결과가 없어 아직 논란이 있고, 또한 대부분의 보고가 비교적 담석 유병률이 높은 서양인을 대상으로 한 연구였다. 이에 본 연구자는 국내 신이식 환자를 대상으로 담석 유병률과 발생률 및 위험 요소들에 따른 통계적 유의성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 신장이식을 받은 222명의 환자를 대상으로 하였고, 만성 간질환, 담췌 질환의 과거력, 현재 담췌 질환이 있는 경우는 대상에서 제외하였다. 본 연구의 대조군은 환자군과 성별, 연령별로 일 배수로 맞추어진 222명을 대상으로 하였으며 만성 간질환이 있는 경우, 신질환이 있는 경우, 당뇨병 환자는 대조군에서 제외 하였다. 결과: 환자군 222명 중 담석증을 가진 사람이 총 19예(8.55%)로 이중 남자가 14예, 여자가 5예 였다. 대조군 222명 중 담석증을 가진 사람이 8예(3.60%)로 이중 남자가 4예, 여자가 4예 였다. 신이식 환자의 담석 유병률은 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 높았다 (p=0.029). 신이식 기간, 연령, 성별, 신부전의 원인 질환, 이식거부지수(RI index)와 담석증 유병률은 신이식 환자에 있어서 통계학적 유의성이 없었다. 결론: 신이식 환자에서 담석 유병률은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 향후 면역억제제의 종류와 용량을 고려한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 이식 환자에서 담낭 담석의 발생 기전을 밝히기 위해서는 좀 더 많은 규모의 전향적 연구가 요구된다. Background/Aims: Gallstone disease is one of the major cause of morbidity in adults. Renal transplantation has been found to increase the risk of gallstone formation. The real incidence of gallstones in renal transplant recipients is not exactly known. We performed this study to identify the risk factors for cholelithiasis. Methods: We compared the prevalence of gallstone disease in renal transplantation patients with that in 222 age- and sex-matched controls. Patients who had chronic liver disease, renal disease, and diabetes were excluded from the control group. Results: In our study, we found a prevalence of gallstone of 8.55% in renal transplantation patients, which was significantly higher than 3.60% in the control group. In most of our renal transplantation patients, cholecystolithiasis was asymptomatic. We did not find a difference in age, sex, duration after transplantation, causes of renal failure, RI index between patients with and without gallstones. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the prevalence of gallstone disease is higher in renal transplantation patients than in non-transplant population in Korea. Further studies will be needed focused on the factors contribute to the gallstone formation after renal transplantation, especially in regard to immunosuppressive drugs.

대학 인터넷 홈페이지의 운영 실태에 관한 연구

박성현 중앙대학교 대학원 2000 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibilities as advertising media of university's Internet Home-Page by analyzing the present actual condition of Internet Home-Page becoming new advertising tool and by analyzing consciousness of manager who makes and manages Internet Home-Page and management condition. For this purpose this study examined all of university's Internet Home-Page in Seoul. The number of university's Internet Home-Page examined in this study was forty four because only one university didn't have Internet Home-Page among forty five universities in Seoul. To investigate management condition of Internet Home-Page manager E-mail was sent to managers of 44 universities mentioned above through four times. And the telephone survey was directly conducted to the universities at which E-mail didn't arrive. The number of data collected from questions of manager was 40 because four universities rejected the answer to questions. The main result of this study are as follows; First, the following is the result of analyzing the present condition of Internet Home-Page. 1. The part of university introduction can be stated in six items. The Home-Page of 36 universities(81.8%) among 44 contains the item of the chief director and president's greeting. And that of 43 universities contains the item of idea and history of university, that of 25 universities(56.8%) contains the item of university system, that of the 32(72.7%) contains the campus map. Finally, the item of telephone number in the school is in the Home-Page of 24 universities(54.68%) and the item concerning traffic and a route map is involved in the that of 35 universities(79.6%). 2. The part of university and graduate school introduction can be stated in 5 items. That of 43 universities(97.7%) contains the item of university and graduate school introduction, that of the 35(79.6%) contains the schedule of school affairs, that of the 36(81.8%) contains the outline of school. finally, the each item of the student council and the association of like-minded students is contained in that of the 19(43.2%) universities and the 28(63.6%). 3. The service part of university affairs can be stated in 4 items. That of 29 universities(69.9%) and that of the 9 universities(20.5%) involves each item of application of taking lectures and the search for subjects. And the items of the curriculum and scholarship system are contained in that of the 20 universities(45.5%) and the 37(84.1%). 4. The part of admission guide can be stated in 4 items. That of 35 universities(79.6%) and that of the 42 universities(95.6%) contains the each item of comprehensive information and recruiting guide. That of 40 universities(90.96%) and that of the 2 universities(4.6%) contains the each item of selection guide and the exam of special interest. 5. The part of library guide can be stated in 5 items. That of the 37 universities(84.1%) and that of the 38 universities(86.4%) contains the each item of the review of library and the search for comprehensive items. The each item of electronic journal, foreign DB services and information search are involved in that of the 37(84.1%), 36(81.8%), and 37 universities(84.1%). 6. The part of employment information can be stated in 6 items. That of 26 universities(59.1%) and that of the 22 universities(50%) involves each item of information of employment within the campus and the information of studying abroad. The items of the employment information and license information are contained in that of the 34 universities(77.3%) and the 17(38.6%). And the item of the recruit news and that of Q&A are contained in that of the 30 universities(68.2%) and the 27(61.4%). 7. The part of network within the campus can be stated in 6 items. That of 41 universities(93.2%) and that of the 39 universities(88.6%) involves each item of administrative organizations/affiliated organizations and school/gratuate school. That of 37 universities(84.1%) and that of the 27 universities(61.4%) involves each item of research institute in affiliation and the association of like-minded students. And the each item of professors and students are contained in those of 10 universities(22.7%) and 11(25%). 8. The part of cyber university can be stated in 3 items. That of 26 universities(59.1%) and that of the 26 universities(59.1%) and that of the 6(13.6%) involves each item of cyber university within school, cyber educational facilities within school and information cyber university. 9. The part of the graduate's association can be stated in 4 items. The each item of the graduate's address/E-mail address, the organization of graduate's association, bulletin, the proud alumnus are involved in that of 15 universities(34.1%), that of the 13 universities(29.6%), that of the 21(47.7%) and that of 1(2.3%). Finally, the items of comprehensive information system can be stated in 5 items. Those of 40 universities(90.9%), those of 14 universities(31.8%), those of the 20(45.5%), those of 26(59.1%) and those of 31(70.5%) involves each item of bulletin, the report of loss, economical deals, councel, and many different kinds of data. And the following is the result of analyzing the management condition of Internet Home-Page manager. 1. The ratio of male and female of Internet Home-Page manager is 23(57.5%) and 17(42.5%). And the number(percentage) of each age of 20's, 30's, 40's appears in the 15(37.5%) universities, 19(47.5%), and 6(15%). 2. The 24 universities(60%) planned Internet Home-Page by themselves and the 16 universities(40%) by outsourcing. And the each of the number of years of management of 13 universities(32.5%), 14(35%), 7(17.5%) and 6(15%) was that of under a year, that between a year and two years, that between three and four and that of five years or more. 3. The station of Internet Home-Page management is PR department to 4 universities(10%), marketing team to one(2.5%), planning department to 3(7.5%), computer department to 33(82.5%) and others to one(2.5%). And the personnel of management is one, two-three, four-five, six or more to each of the 13 universities(32.5%), 13(32.5%), 12(30%) and 2(5%). 4. The renewal cycle of Home-Page data is a month, six months, a year and not fixed period to one university(5%), 2(5%), 1(2.5%) and 35(87.5%). The 36 universities(90%) renews data by themselves and 4 universities(10%) by outsourcing. 5. The main content on which is focused is the university introduction, the present condition of research, the present condition of entrance, visions for future, the contribution to society, E-mail and others to each of 24 universities(48%), 2(4%), 4(8%), 8(16%), one(2%), 2(4%), 9(18%). 6. The great tugs to manage Home-Page are as follows; It is not popular in 4 universities(8.2%). It is hard to get the budget in 9 universities(18.4%). The university and users of it are not interested in it to 12(24.5%). The indication of users is individual and is not general to 7(14.3%). The strategy that can be closely connected with PR and advertising of university is absent to 13(26.5%). And others to 4(8.2%) 7. The budget of a year is under 10 million won, is between 10 million and 30 million won, is between 30 million and 50 million won, is between 50 million and 100 million won to the each of 16(45.7%), 8(22.9%), 9(25.7%) and 2(5.7%). 8. The eight universities(21.6%) conducts advertising on Internet Home-Page and 29(78.4%) do not. And 17 universities(45.9%) have the plan to conduct advertising, 20(54.1%) do not. Finally, The 34 universities(85%) have the plan to improve Internet Home-Page and 6(15%) do not. And 15 universities have the plan to improve Internet Home-Page concerning the services of university affairs, 14 universities have the plan to improve Internet Home-Page concerning the comprehensive services to the students, 5 concerning function improvement such as the transmission speed, 5 concerning building integrated system involved in different kinds of effort, 4 concerning PR effort focused on external users, 3 concerning entrance introduction, 2 concerning the security of users and some concerning cyber university, raising funds, the network improvement of employment information. And the great tugs to get budget and the consciousness shortage of university authorities are answers of managers who don't have the plan to improve Internet Home-Page.

컴퓨터 과학을 위한 수학교육

박성현 중앙대학교 교육대학원 2002 국내석사

上昇變形의 普遍性에 관한 硏究

박성현 昌原大學校 1996 국내석사

한국 가톨릭 미술에 관한 연구 : 건축, 조각, 회화를 중심으로

박성현 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 1997 국내석사

越南派兵의 政策決定過程 分析

박성현 成均館大學校 1985 국내석사