양성갑상선결절과 갑상선재발암의 고주파절제 진료권고안

나동규,이정현,정소령,김지훈,성진용,신정희,김은경,이준형,김동욱,박정선,김규선,백선미,이영흔,정세민,심정석,허정인,배재익,김경태,한송이,배민영,김윤숙,백정환 대한초음파의학회 2012 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.31 No.2

갑상선고주파절제는 양성갑상선결절과 갑상선재발암에사용되는 비수술적 치료이다. 대한갑상선영상의학회 갑상선고주파절제 진료권고안 제정위원회는 고주파를 이용한갑상선양성결절과 갑상선재발암의 치료권고안을 근거와전문가의 의견을 중심으로 제정하였다. Radiofrequency ablation is a new non-surgical treatment modality for patients with benign thyroid nodules and recurrent thyroid cancers. The Task Force Committee of the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology has developed recommendations for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules and recurrent thyroid cancers using radiofrequency ablation. These recommendations are based on evidence from the current literature and expert consensus.

제습위령탕가감이 집 먼지 진드기 추출물로 유도된 NC/Nga mouse의 아토피 피부염에 미치는 영향

나동규,한재경,김윤희,Na, Dong-Gyu,Han, Jae-Kyung,Kim, Yun-Hee 대한한방소아과학회 2008 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Jeseupwiryeongtang-gagam(JWTG) on atopic dermatitis by in vivo experiment using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to the atopic dermatitis of human. Methods : To investigate the effect of JWTG on AD, we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node(DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis-like skin NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results and Conclusions : In vivo, clinical skin severity score were significantly lower in JWTG group than control group. IgE, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum were decreased remarkably in JWTG group than control group and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production, secreted in Th1 cell were increased by JWTG. After experiment ended, we analyzed immunological cells ($CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+$$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$$CD25^+$ and $CD49b^+$) by flow cytometry. It resulted that total absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells were recovered as normal and $CD3^+$$CD69^+$ were decreased significantly compared with control group in isolated DLN and PBMCs from NC/Nga mouse and total absolute number of $Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+$ and $CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse were decreased by JWTG. We analyzed ear, DLN, and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin(H&E) and toluidine staining (mast cells marker) and obtained results that JWTG were effective to histological symptoms (dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration). Ear thickness was decreased significantly than the control group and the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells(ILC) and plasma cells(PC) in DLN were also decreased.

Core Needle Biopsy of the Thyroid: 2016 Consensus Statement and Recommendations from Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology

나동규,백정환,정소령,김지훈,성진용,김규선,이정현,신정희,최윤정,하은주,임현경,김수진,한수연,이광희,최영준,윤인영,김영중,안혜신,류지화,백선미,심정석,정찬권,이준형,Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology,Korean Society of Radiology 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.1

Core needle biopsy (CNB) has been suggested as a complementary diagnostic method to fine-needle aspiration in patients with thyroid nodules. Many recent CNB studies have suggested a more advanced role for CNB, but there are still no guidelines on its use. Therefore, the Task Force Committee of the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology has developed the present consensus statement and recommendations for the role of CNB in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. These recommendations are based on evidence from the current literature and expert consensus.

특허를 통해 본 북한

나동규 한국발명진흥회 2000 發明特許 Vol.25 No.6

비시각적 비전형상표의 시각적표현에 관한 연구- 소리 및 냄새상표를 중심으로 -

나동규,진현진 단국대학교 법학연구소 2018 법학논총 Vol.42 No.3

As a result of FTA between Korea and America, the sound/smell marks introducedin Korean trademark system are the non-visual non-typical marks and differ from thevisual typical marks in terms of application procedures. The general trademark isvisually perceived as a trademark sample itself, but the sound and smell are notvisually perceptible, resulting in differences in the submission requirements for thetypical trademark application. In order to apply for registration of a sound/smelltrademark, not only a description of the trademark, but also a visual expressionshould be submitted. A visual expression is a visualized representation of anon-visual trademark in the form of a text. It is stipulated that non-visual non-typicaltrademarks such as sound/smell marks can be examined only when the visualexpression of the marks must be accurately described. On the other hand, in the caseof the United States, which introduced the sound/smell marks to Korea in thenegotiation process of the FTA, no visual expression is required in the examinationprocess. Therefore, in this study, we examined the reason why visual expression is requiredfor non-visual non-typical trademark application, and examined the regulation aboutvisual expression together with examination cases. In addition, the same sound/smelltrademark in relation to visual expression was studied regarding the obligation andoptional requirements to be submitted for the examination to Korea and the USrespectively. Through this study, the appropriateness of visual expression required inKorean trademark was reviewed. 한미 FTA로 인해서 우리나라 상표제도에 도입된 소리⋅냄새상표는 비시각적 비전형상표로, 출원 절차 측면에서 시각적 전형상표와 차이가 크다. 일반적인 전형상표는 상표견본 그 자체가 시각적으로 인식이 되지만, 소리와 냄새는시각적으로 인식될 수 없는 특성으로 인해 통상의 상표 출원 시 필요한 제출요건에서 차이가 발생한다. 소리⋅냄새상표의 등록출원을 위해서는 상표에 대한 설명서뿐만 아니라, 상표의 시각적 표현을 제출하여야 한다. 시각적 표현은비시각적인 상표를 심사하기 위하여 글의 형태로 표현하여 시각화한 문구이다. 소리⋅냄새상표는 시각적 표현이 정확히 기재되어야 심사가 가능하다고규정되어 있다. 한편, FTA 협상과정에서 우리나라에 소리⋅냄새상표를 도입하게 한 미국의 경우에는, 심사 실무에 있어서 시각적 표현이 요구되지 않는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소리⋅냄새상표의 출원 시 시각적 표현이 필요한 이유에 관하여 살펴보고, 시각적 표현에 관한 규정을 심사사례와 함께 조사하였다. 그리고 시각적 표현과 관련하여 동일한 소리⋅냄새상표를 우리나라와 미국에 각각 출원 시 제출하여야 하는 의무 사항과 임의 사항을 대비하여 조사하였다. 이를 통해 우리나라 상표법 상 현재 요구되는 시각적 표현의 적절성에 대하여 연구하였다.

외상성 안구내이물로 유발된 후공막염 1예

나동규,윤지현 대한안과학회 2025 대한안과학회지 Vol.66 No.5

Purpose: To describe a case of posterior scleritis accompanied by optic disc edema following the surgical removal of a traumatic intraocular foreign body. Case Summary: A 32-year-old man presented to the hospital after suspecting that a foreign body had entered his left eye while nailing. Slit lamp examination revealed a 2-mm corneal laceration, iris defect, and lens opacity. Lensectomy, vitrectomy, and intraocular foreign body removal were subsequently performed. A magnetic foreign body approximately 1 mm in diameter was extracted from the vitreous cavity. One week after surgery, during an outpatient visit, optic disc swelling and retinal vessel thickening were observed. Oral steroids were initiated and tapered over 2 months. After discontinuing the medication, the patient experienced acute ocular pain and severe ciliary body hyperemia, and B-scan imaging showed thickening of the posterior ocular coat. The diagnosis was posterior scleritis with optic disc swelling, and oral steroids were prescribed and tapered over 12 weeks. Following the secondary intraocular lens scleral fixation, no recurrence of posterior scleritis was noted. Conclusions: Posterior scleritis should be considered in cases presenting with ocular pain, ciliary body hyperemia, or optic nerve swelling after intraocular foreign body removal surgery.

체육관련공약이 당선경쟁력에 미치는 영향 - 18대 총선을 중심으로 -

나동규,이루지,남미경,김주희,김범식 한국스포츠사회학회 2012 한국스포츠사회학회지 Vol.25 No.1

This paper has purpose to investigate the effect of physical education promises on electoral competitiveness. To achieve this goal, 860 candidates of all 18th General Election candidates in 2008 were selected as a subject, except parties which did not produce congressman. Data for candidates and collection for campaign promises of the 18th General Election in 2008 from National Election Commission were collected through operational definition, fitting for in this study. The measurement for physical education promises by Lee(1996) were modified and used, and competitiveness index by Hwang(2002) were used as the measurement of electoral competitiveness. t-test, Two-way ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression, and frequency analysis were carried out by SPSSWIN 18.0 program. As a result, first, as the result of t-test for the difference of electoral competitiveness whether having physical education promises, candidates having the promises had higher electoral competitiveness than candidates who do not have it. Second, as the result of Two-way ANOVA for the difference of electoral competitiveness in political party factors and whether the promises, the main and interactional effects between the promises and political party, the main effect between the promises and regionalism, and the main and interactional effects between the promises and the ruling/opposition were statistical significant. Third, as the result of Two-way ANOVA for the difference of electoral competitiveness in candidate factors and whether having the promises, the main and interactional effects between the promises and education, the main effect between the promises and age, and the main and interactional effects between the promises and incumbent were statistical significant. Fourth, physical education promises have a positive effect on electoral competitiveness. Fifth, types of physical education promises that candidates suggested was facility, hold even, program, and club foundation were in order, and sport for all in facility accounted for majority in the promises. 본 연구는 체육관련공약이 후보자의 당선경쟁력에 미치는 효과를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 제18대 총선 입후보자 1113명 중 단 한명의 당선자도 배출하지 못한 정당의 입후보자들을 제외한 860명을 연구 대상자로 선정하였다. 중앙선거관리위원회(이하 선관위) 홈페이지의 ‘제18대 국회의원 선거관리 시스템(중앙선거관리위원회, 2008)’이 제공하는 후보자 데이터와 선관위에 정보공개청구를 통해 확보한 ‘제18대 총선 입후보자 공약집’을 본 연구에 맞게 조작화하여 자료를 수집하였다. 체육관련공약의 측정은 이용식(1996)이 사용한 정의를 수정·보완하여 사용하였으며, 당선경쟁력의 측정은 황아란(2002)이 개발한 당선경쟁력지수(CI)를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSSWIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 t-검정, 이원변량분석, 단계적 중다회귀분석, 빈도분석 등을 실시하였으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 체육관련공약 유무에 따른 후보자간 당선경쟁력의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 체육관련공약을 가진 후보자 집단이 공약을 가지지 않은 후보자 집단에 비해 당선경쟁력 지수가 높았다. 둘째, 정당요인에 따른 체육관련공약을 가진 후보자와 가지지 않은 후보자간 당선경쟁력 지수의 차이를 살펴 본 결과, 공약과 지역연고의 주효과와 상호작용효과, 공약과 주요정당의 주효과, 공약과 여야의 주효과와 상호작용효과에서 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 셋째, 후보자요인에 따른 체육관련공약을 가진 후보자와 가지지 않은 후보자간 당선경쟁력의 차이를 살펴 본 결과, 공약과 학력의 주효과와 상호작용효과, 공약과 연령의 주효과, 공약과 현직의 주효과와 상호작용효과에서 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 넷째, 체육관련공약은 후보자의 당선경쟁력에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 후보자가 제시한 체육관련공약 유형은 시설 분야의 공약, 이벤트 유치, 프로그램, 스포츠클럽 분야 순이었으며, 시설분야 공약 중에서도 생활체육시설 공약이 가장 많은 비중을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다.

Re: Clinical significance of isolated macrocalcifications detected by ultrasonography

나동규 대한초음파의학회 2020 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.39 No.4

We appreciate the valuable comments on our manuscript. Isolated macrocalcifications were initially described as a benign ultrasonographic (US) pattern of a thyroid nodule in the French Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System [1] and defined as macrocalcifications with no solid component or vascular signal [2]. Subsequently, recent studies [3,4] have demonstrated that isolated macrocalcifications have an intermediate malignancy risk, are mostly found in papillary carcinomas, and that malignant tumors with isolated macrocalcifications may show aggressive behavior, such as advanced local invasion or macroscopic cervical lymph node metastasis. We agree that the term "isolated macrocalcification" may not be intuitive for "a calcified nodule with posterior acoustic shadowing in which any soft tissue component is not identified due to the dense posterior acoustic shadowing on US." Furthermore, we concur that the suggested terms ("totally calcified nodule" or "macrocalcified nodule without a solid component") are simple and more intuitive for understanding the US characteristics of isolated macrocalcifications. However, we need more consensus on the appropriate descriptors for US patterns of calcified nodules, and we therefore hope that a standardized terminology of isolated macrocalcifications will be established through the ongoing International Thyroid Nodule Ultrasound Working Group, in which the majority of professional thyroid societies are involved, including the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR). A previous study [3] reported that small thyroid cancers with isolated macrocalcifications may show the aggressive behavior of macroscopic lymph node metastasis. Therefore, even though the KSThR guideline currently recommends biopsy for isolated macrocalcifications only when the nodule size is equal to or larger than 1 cm, US monitoring of small isolated macrocalcifications may be necessary. Although our study revealed that the majority of isolated macrocalcifications are composed of coarse central calcifications [5], the histopathologic features of isolated macrocalcifications have only been investigated to a limited extent. We agree that the investigation of histopathologic features using core-needle biopsy specimen would be useful for identifying the characteristics of benign and malignant isolated macrocalcifications, which will be another step towards understanding the nature of isolated macrocalcifications in the thyroid gland.

두개 내 종양 절제술 후 확산강조영상

나동규,유재욱,변홍식,Na, Dong-Gyu,Yu, Jae-Uk,Byeon, Hong-Sik 대한영상의학회 2001 대한영상의학회지 Vol.45 No.6

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging after intracranial surgery in patients with intracranial tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within ten days of intracranial surgery, diffusion-weighted MR images were obtained in 68 patients with intracranial tumors which included meningioma (n=31), glioma (n=21), neurogenic tumor(n=4), hemangiopericytoma (n=3), and in three cases involved metastasis. The signal intensity of the resected margin and adjacent parenchyma was visually assessed on diffusion-weighted images, and the signal intensities on seen T1-and T2-weighted images were also analyzed. In patients with newly developed hyperintense lesions in parenchyma adjacent to the resection sites seen on postoperative T2-weighted images, apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were calculated and analyzed on follow-up MR images. RESULTS: Immediate postoperative diffusion-weighted images showed various signal intensities at the resected margins visible on conventional and diffusion-weighted MR images. In 15 patients, newly developed hyperintense lesions adjacent to resected sites were seen on postoperative T2-weighted images. On diffusion-weighted images, nine of these lesions were hyperinteuse and and were shown by follow-up MR imaging to be subject to focal tissue loss and atrophy, and six were isointense but with no sign of tissue loss or atrophy. Among the 15 patients with postoperative lesions near the site of tumorectomy, diffusion-weighted imaging showed that the ADC values of hyperintense lesions were significantly lower than those of isointense lesions (independent sample t-test: p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In patients with intracranial tumors, immediate postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging is useful for differentiating between ischemic tissue damage and vasogenic edema.

인공수정체 탈구 수술 후 발생한 안압상승의 장기적 임상 경과

나동규,박새미 대한안과학회 2025 대한안과학회지 Vol.66 No.6

Purpose: Intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation is a relatively common complication after cataract surgery, leading to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) following IOL dislocation surgery. This study investigated the long-term clinical course of patients who experienced IOP elevation after IOL dislocation surgery. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 65 patients who underwent IOL dislocation surgery by a single retinal specialist from January 2020 to December 2022. The patients were divided into high (≥ 22 mmHg) and normal (< 22 mmHg) IOP groups based on the IOP within 1 week of surgery. IOP was tracked for over a year to assess the incidence of glaucoma. Results: There were no significant (p = 0.254) differences in dislocation types between the high (48 patients) and normal (17 patients) IOP groups. One month after surgery, the mean IOP was 18.6 ± 5.9 mmHg in the high IOP group and 14.3 ± 4.0 mmHg in the normal IOP group (p < 0.001). At 1 year, the values were 15.3 ± 3.7 and 16.2 ± 5.0 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.696). One week after surgery, the high IOP group used 1.2 ± 0.8 IOP-lowering medications compared to 0.2 ± 0.7 in the normal IOP group (p < 0.001). At the final follow-up, medication use was 0.5 ± 0.9 and 0.2 ± 0.6, respectively (p = 0.227). Conclusions: Although IOP elevation may occur following IOL dislocation surgery, it tends to improve over time.