지역 나들이 : 여행은 사람을 만든다

고석현 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2022 활천 Vol.821 No.4

성결교회 브랜드 5 : 성별회

고석현 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2019 활천 Vol.786 No.5

무인 지능형 자동차의 구현에 관한 연구

고석현,박민,진항,차일호,지준근 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2013 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.19 No.2

With the fusion of IT and technology, intelligent vehicle is an advanced vehicle in consideration of safety and convenience. Intelligent vehicle technology protects passengers and driver from dangerous situations or traffic accidents such as collision. It is a technique which is able to avoid and reduce traffic accidents. In this paper, we implemented an unmanned intelligent vehicle that defines the direction of the vehicle by controlling the servo motor and sensor signal processing in freescale's MCU. Control of servo motor is to maintain the angle of the servo motor with feedback control of PWM scheme. We implemented a line tracing algorithm using the C language program in code warrior environment. With the speed control by the line tracing, unmanned intelligent vehicle can be used to maintain the distance between the preceding vehicle quickly and to finish the track without collisions.

부하 임피던스 변화에 따른 6.78MHz 전류모드 D급 전력증폭기 특성 해석

고석현,박대길,구경헌 한국항행학회 2019 한국항행학회논문지 Vol.23 No.2

This paper has designed a current mode class D power amplifier to increase the transmission efficiency of a 6.78 MHz wireless power transfer (WPT) transmitter and to ensure stable characteristics even when the transmitting and receiving coil intervals change. By reducing the loss due to the parasitic capacitor component of the transistor, which limits the theoretical efficiency of the linear amplifier, this research has improved the efficiency of the power amplifier. The circuit design simulator was used to design the high efficiency amplifier, and the power output and efficiency characteristics according to the load impedance change have been simulated and verified. In the simulation, 42.1 dBm output and 95% efficiency was designed at DC bias 30 V. The power amplifier was fabricated and showed 91% efficiency at the output of 42.1 dBm (16 W). The transmitting and receiving coils were fabricated for wireless power transfer of the drone, and the maximum power added efficiency was 88% and the output power was 42.1 dBm ± 1.7 dB according to the load change causing from the coil intervals. 본 논문은 6.78 MHz무선전력전송 송신기의 전송 효율을 높이고 송수신 코일 간격 변화에도 안정적 특성을 확보하기 위해 전류모드 클래스 D 전력증폭기를 설계한다. 선형증폭기의 이론적인 효율을 제한하는 트랜지스터의 기생 커패시터 성분에 의한 손실을 적게 만들어 전력증폭기의 효율을 향상시킨다. 회로 설계 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 고효율 증폭기를 설계하고 부하 임피던스 변화에 따른 전력 출력, 효율 특성을 시뮬레이션하여 검증하였다. 시뮬레이션에서 DC 바이어스 30 V일 때 42.1 dBm의 출력과 95%의 효율을 갖도록 설계하였다. 전력증폭기를 제작하여 42.1 dBm (16 W)의 출력에서 91% 의 효율을 보였다. 드론 무선전력전송에 적용될 송수신 코일을 제작하였으며, 송수신 코일 간격에 따른 부하변화에 따라 전력부가효율이 최대 88% 이고 출력전력 42.1 dBm ±1.7 dB 의 특성을 나타내었다.

성결교회 브랜드 10 : 노방전도

고석현 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2019 활천 Vol.791 No.10

건식발효를 이용한 유산균 더치 커피의 항염증 효과

고석현,몬마이 차이왓,장아영,이형재,박우정 한국산업식품공학회 2018 산업 식품공학 Vol.22 No.4

Coffee is a commonly consumed beverage that contains anti-inflammatory compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid, cafestol, trigonelline, and kahweol. Lactobacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacterium most frequently used in the fermentation of food products of plant origin. L. plantarum is able to degrade some food phenolic compounds and provide high value-added compounds such as powerful antioxidants or food additives approved as flavouring agents. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of coffee extract fermented by L. plantarum on RAW264.7 macrophages. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, these coffee extracts exhibited antiinflammatory activities through the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase expression. Fermented coffee extracts significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and interferon γ. Cyclooxygenase-2, which is one of the key biomarkers for inflammation, was significantly suppressed. These results might be helpful for understanding the anti-inflammatory mechanism of fermented coffee extract on immune cells and, moreover, suggest that fermented coffee extract may be a beneficial anti-inflammatory agent.

사중복음 설교_성결 : 제사장 나라, 거룩한 백성

고석현 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2016 활천 Vol.751 No.6

淸 康熙 연간 알바진 원정과 黑龍江 지방의 교통로 개척

고석현 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 역사문화연구소 2022 역사문화연구 Vol.82 No.-

Today, Manchuria which includes Heilongjiang Province of the People’s Republic of China is generally perceived as the territory of Qing before “entering the pass(ruguan).” However, this is a misconception coming from connecting the modern geographical idea of Manchuria with the home of the Manchus, the ruling group of the Qing Dynasty. In fact, the base of Nurhaci’s native group, Jianzhou Jurchen, was the north of Changbai Mountain and the east of Liaodong Peninsula. Even if the regional bases of the Jurchens were combined, the region was limited to the southern part of Manchuria. ‘The military district of Heilongjiang general’ was established in the Amur-Nun River basin and the direct rule of the Qing Dynasty began in 1680s, along the conflict with Russia. Qing court established military bases and traffic routes mainly around Willow Palisade(liutiaobian) until the 1670s, and there were only few temporary bases outside Willow Palisade such as Ninguta. The direct territory of Qing was expanded in the 1670s due to the development of Jilin and the establishment of New Willow Palisade(xinbian), but the vast Amur-Nun River basin, the northern area of Mukden-Jilin-Ninguta, was still regarded as one of ‘the outer feudatories(waifan)’, which was not under the direct control of Qing. This situation changed in the 1680s when Russians built a fortress in Albazin, located on the upper middle Amur River basin. As Albazin grew into a self-sufficient stronghold, Kangxi emperor proceeded an expedition to drive the Russians out of the Amur River basin. The First and Second Albazin Expeditions, which were commanded by the newly established Heilongjiang general, ended with the conclusion of the Nerchinsk treaty in 1689. In this treaty, the military district of Heilongjiang general was recognized as Qing territory. Rather than the conduct of the war or the demarcation of borders, the expansion of Qing’s control over the region before and after the expedition was more important in terms of the formation of the military district of Heilongjiang general. Unlike the lower Amur and Songhua River basins, where Russians and Qing troops had conflict in the 1670s, the upper and middle Amur River basin did not have sufficient foundations to wage war in the 1680s. To mobilize a large army to attack Albazin, it was necessary to establish a Qing army garrison, and to develop supply routes for military provisions and postal relay routes for manpower and information. Kangxi emperor first dispatched officials to conduct a geography survey on the upper and middle Amur River basin. In addition, supply routes and postal relay routes were constructed, connecting Aihūn with the areas previously controlled by the Qing, such as Mukden and Jilin. The Qing court’s geographical understanding of the Amur-Nun River basin gradually deepened as a banner garrison(Zhufang) was installed in Mergen, which was confirmed to be important in the process of constructing the postal relay system. The Amur-Nun River basin changed from one of the outer feudatories, which had only a loose relationship with Qing court, to ‘the military district of Heilongjiang general’, a ‘direct territory’ governed by a Garrison General of Qing. 일반적으로 오늘날 중화인민공화국의 헤이룽장성[黑龍江省]을 포함하는 만추리아 전체가 入關 이전부터 청조의 영토였을 것이라는 인식이 존재한다. 하지만 이는 만추리아라는 근대적 지리 개념을 청조의 지배집단인 만주의 고향과 연결한 데에서 온 착시이다. 실제로 누르하치의 출신 집단인 建州女眞 숙수후부의 거점은 長白山 이북, 명의 遼東邊墻 이동 지역이었다. 건주여진을 포함한 여진계 집단의 근거지를 모두 합한다 하여도 그 지역은 만추리아의 남부에 국한되었다. 아무르강-눈강 유역에 ‘黑龍江將軍 관할구’가 설치되고 청의 직할지로서의 지배가 시작된 것은 1680년대 러시아와의 충돌 과정에서였다. ‘흑룡강장군 관할구’가 형성되기 이전 청조가 장악하고 있던 만추리아의 지역은 요동을 중심으로 하였다. 1670년대까지도 청조의 군사 거점・교통로 설치는 柳條邊 안을 중심으로 하였고, 닝구타와 같은 임시 거점이 유조변 밖에 일부 존재하였을 뿐이었다. 1670년대 길림 개발과 유조변 신변의 설치로 청의 직할지가 확장되었으나 여전히 성경-길림-닝구타를 잇는 선 북쪽의 광활한 아무르강-눈강 유역은 청의 직접 통치가 미치지 않는 ‘外藩’으로 존재하고 있었을 뿐이었다. 이러한 상황은 1680년대에 러시아 세력이 아무르강 중상류 유역 알바진(Albazin)에 요새를 건설하면서 변화하였다. 알바진이 자급자족이 가능한 거점으로 성장하자 강희제는 러시아 세력을 아무르강 유역에서 완전히 몰아내기 위한 원정을 진행하였다. 신설 흑룡강장군을 중심으로 전개된 두 차례의 알바진 원정은 강희 28년(1689) 네르친스크 조약의 체결로 마무리되었다. 이 조약에서 흑룡강장군 관할구는 명실상부 청의 영토로 인정받았다. 다만 흑룡강장군 관할구의 형성이라는 측면에서, 전쟁의 수행이나 국경의 획정보다 중요한 것은 이를 전후한 시기 진행된 해당 지역에 대한 청의 통치권 확대 과정이었다. 1670년대 러시아 세력과의 격돌이 있었던 아무르강 중하류 및 송화강 유역과는 달리, 아무르강 중상류 유역은 당시 청군이 전쟁을 수행하기 위한 기반이 충분히 구축되어 있지 않았다. 이에 대군을 동원하여 알바진을 공격하기 위해서는 청군의 주둔지를 설치하고, 군량을 운반하기 위한 보급로와 인력・정보를 전달하기 위한 역참로를 개척할 필요가 있었다. 강희제는 우선 관원을 파견해 아무르강 중상류 유역에 대한 지리 조사를 진행한 뒤 그 결과를 종합하여 아이훈에 駐防 설치를 명하였다. 또한 성경・길림 등 기존에 청조가 장악하고 있던 지역과 아이훈을 연결하는 보급로와 역참로를 개척하였다. 역참로 개척 과정에서 중요성을 확인한 머르건에도 주방을 설치하면서 아무르강-눈강 유역에 대한 청조의 지리적 이해는 점차 심화되었다. 군사 주둔지의 설치와 교통로 개척을 배경으로 청조의 해당 지역에 대한 이해는 심화되었고, 이를 계기로 아무르강-눈강 유역은 청조와 느슨한 관계만을 맺고 있던 ‘外藩’에서 청조의 주방 장군이 직접 통치하는 ‘直轄地’인 ‘黑龍江將軍 관할구’로 변화하였던 것이다.

인공지능 시대 (살리는 샘)

고석현 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2023 활천 Vol.838 No.9

淸 康熙 연간 黑龍江將軍 관할구 駐防 건설 ― 솔론・다구르 등 원주 집단 재편을 중심으로 ―

고석현 명청사학회 2023 명청사연구 Vol.- No.59

The conclusion of the Nerchinsk treaty in 1689 meant the Amur River basin was publicly recognized as a part of Qing territory. But it did not mean the area had been a part of Manchu territory since Nurhaci and Hongtaiji. There were Qing dynasty’s expeditions to the Amur River basin before the 1680s. But these expeditions were aimed at capturing the population rather than territorial expansion. Moreover, most of the expeditions were aimed at middle and lower Amur River basin, and the expedition to the upper and middle Amur River basin was only conducted around 1639. The vast Amur-Nun River basin, the northern area of Mukden-Jilin-Ninguta, was still regarded as one of ‘the outer feudatories(waifan)’, which was not under the direct control of Qing. In the 1680s, when Russians built a fortress in Albazin, the indegenous groups in the upper and middle Amur River basins, such as Solon and Dagūr pled for military aid to Qing court. Kangxi emperor proceeded the expeditions to drive the Russians out of the Amur River basin. To secure troops for the Albazin Expeditions, parts of Solon and Dagūr was incorporated into the Eight Banners. Even after the Albazin Expeditions, Qing court continued to organize Solon, Dagūr and neighboring Sibe and Barhu to become the bannermen under Heilongjiang general and to be stationed at the banner garrisons such as Mergen and Cicigar. At the same time, Solon and Dagūr of Butha Niru, which was one of the outer feudatories and under the jurisdiction of Court of Colonial Dependencies(lifanyuan), became jurisdiction of the military district of Heilongjiang general. As a result, people living in the Amur-Nun River basin came under the jurisdiction of the military district of Heilongjiang general. The Amur-Nun River basin changed from one of the outer feudatories, which had only a loose relationship with Qing court, to ‘the military district of Heilongjiang general’, a ‘direct territory’ governed by a Garrison General of Qing.